εἶδος

See also: είδος and εἰδός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *wéidos, from Proto-Indo-European *wéydos (“seeing, image”), from *weyd- (“to see”). Cognate to Sanskrit वेदस् (védas), Proto-Slavic *vidъ, English wit; see also εἴδομαι (eídomai, “to appear, seem, resemble”).^[1]

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /êː.dos/ → /ˈi.ðos/ → /ˈi.ðos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /êː.dos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈi.dos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ðos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ðos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ðos/

Noun

εἶδος • (eîdos) n (genitive εἴδους or εἴδεος); third declension

1. form, image, shape (seen)
2. appearance, look, beauty (comeliness)
3. sight
4. fashion, sort, kind
5. species
6. wares, goods

Inflection

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ εἶδος tò eîdos	τὼ εἴδει tṑ eídei	τᾰ̀ εἴδη tà eídē
Genitive	τοῦ εἴδους toû eídous	τοῖν εἰδοῖν toîn eidoîn	τῶν εἰδῶν tôn eidôn
Dative	τῷ εἴδει tôi eídei	τοῖν εἰδοῖν toîn eidoîn	τοῖς εἴδεσῐ / εἴδεσῐν toîs eídesi(n)
Accusative	τὸ εἶδος tò eîdos	τὼ εἴδει tṑ eídei	τᾰ̀ εἴδη tà eídē
Vocative	εἶδος eîdos	εἴδει eídei	εἴδη eídē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of τὸ εἶδος; τοῦ εἴδους (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	εἶδος eîdos	εἴδει / εἴδεε eídei / eídee	εἴδεᾰ eídea
Genitive	εἴδεος / εἴδευς eídeos / eídeus	εἰδέοιν eidéoin	εἰδέων eidéōn
Dative	εἴδει / εἴδεῐ̈ eídei / eídeï	εἰδέοιν eidéoin	εἴδεσῐ / εἴδεσῐν eídesi(n)
Accusative	εἶδος eîdos	εἴδει / εἴδεε eídei / eídee	εἴδεᾰ eídea
Vocative	εἶδος eîdos	εἴδει / εἴδεε eídei / eídee	εἴδεᾰ eídea
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Third declension of εἶδος; εἴδεος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ εἶδος tò eîdos	τὼ εἴδει / εἴδεε tṑ eídei / eídee	τᾰ̀ εἴδεᾰ tà eídea
Genitive	τοῦ εἴδεος / εἴδευς toû eídeos / eídeus	τοῖν εἰδέοιν toîn eidéoin	τῶν εἰδέων tôn eidéōn
Dative	τῷ εἴδει / εἴδεῐ̈ tôi eídei / eídeï	τοῖν εἰδέοιν toîn eidéoin	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν εἴδεσῐ / εἴδεσῐν toîsi(n) eídesi(n)
Accusative	τὸ εἶδος tò eîdos	τὼ εἴδει / εἴδεε tṑ eídei / eídee	τᾰ̀ εἴδεᾰ tà eídea
Vocative	εἶδος eîdos	εἴδει / εἴδεε eídei / eídee	εἴδεᾰ eídea
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Third declension of τὸ εἶδος; τοῦ εἴδεος (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ϝεἶδος tò weîdos	τὼ ϝεἴδει tṑ weídei	τᾰ̀ ϝεἴδη tà weídē
Genitive	τοῦ ϝεἴδιος toû weídios	τοῖν ϝεἰδίοιν toîn weidíoin	τῶν ϝεἰδίων tôn weidíōn
Dative	τῷ ϝεἴδει tôi weídei	τοῖν ϝεἰδίοιν toîn weidíoin	τοῖς ϝεἴδεσῐ / ϝεἴδεσῐν toîs weídesi(n)
Accusative	τὸ ϝεἶδος tò weîdos	τὼ ϝεἴδει tṑ weídei	τᾰ̀ ϝεἴδη tà weídē
Vocative	ϝεἶδος weîdos	ϝεἴδει weídei	ϝεἴδη weídē
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Third declension of τὸ ϝεἶδος; τοῦ ϝεἴδιος (Laconian)

Derived terms

• -ειδής (-eidḗs)
• εἰδύλλιον (eidúllion)
• εἴδωλον (eídōlon)
• εἰδητῐκός (eidētikós)

Descendants

• → Greek: είδος (eídos)
• English: eidos

References

1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “εἴδομαι (> DER εἶδος)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 379-80

Further reading

• “εἶδος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “εἶδος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “εἶδος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• εἶδος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• εἶδος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• εἶδος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “εἶδος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G1491 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • abstract idem, page 4.
  • appearance idem, page 35.
  • aspect idem, page 44.
  • branch idem, page 93.
  • class idem, page 135.
  • fashion idem, page 308.
  • figure idem, page 319.
  • form idem, page 338.
  • idea idem, page 413.
  • image idem, page 416.
  • kind idem, page 469.
  • manner idem, page 512.
  • pattern idem, page 599.
  • personal idem, page 608.
  • set idem, page 756.
  • shape idem, page 762.
  • sort idem, page 795.
  • species idem, page 799.
  • stature idem, page 813.
  • type idem, page 904.
  • variety idem, page 944.
• “εἶδος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011