Zisi

For the disciple of Confucius, see Yuan Xian.

Zisi (c. 481 – c. 402 BCE), born Kong Ji, was a Chinese philosopher and the grandson of Confucius.

Zisi
Zisi depicted in Half Portraits of the Great Sage and Virtuous Men of Old (至聖先賢半身像) – housed in the National Palace Museum in Taipei
Born	Kong Ji c. 481 BCE
Died	c. 402 BCE (aged 78-79)
Resting place	Cemetery of Confucius, Lu
Courtesy name
Chinese	子思
Hanyu Pinyin	Zǐsī
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zǐsī Bopomofo ㄗˇ ㄙ Wade–Giles Tzŭ3-ssŭ1 Yale Romanization Džsz̄ IPA [tsɹ̩̀.sɹ̩́] Old Chinese Baxter–Sagart (2014) *[ts]əʔ [s]ə
Personal name
Chinese	孔伋
Hanyu Pinyin	Kǒng Jí
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Kǒng Jí Bopomofo ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄐㄧˊ Wade–Giles Kʻung3 Chi2 Yale Romanization Kǔng Jí IPA [kʰʊ̀ŋ tɕǐ]

The tomb of Kong Ji in the Cemetery of Confucius, Qufu

Intellectual genealogy, teaching, criticism

Zisi was the son of Kong Li (孔鯉) (Boyu (伯鱼)) and the only grandson of Confucius. He is traditionally accredited with transmitting Confucian teaching to Mencius^[1] and writing the Doctrine of the Mean, Biaoji 表記, "Ziyi" (The Black Robes") 緇衣, and "Fangji" (The Record of the Dikes) 坊記, presently chapters of the Liji. (Since Zisi's dates of life do not overlap with those of Mengzi, it has been suggested that the intermediary role in the transmission was played by Shi Shuo 世碩.^[2])

Where his grandfather began to distinguish between true and supposed knowledge, Zisi proceeded upon meditations on the relativity in human knowledge of the universe. He attempted to analyse as many types of action as possible, and believed that wise people who are conscious of their moral and intellectual duties can copy the reality of the universe into themselves.

On par with Mencius, Zisi is attacked by Xunzi in his famous "Against Twelve Masters" chapter. The target of Xunzi's attack is the Wuxing teaching. According to Zhang Binglin (1868-1936), Zisi attempted combining Confucian teaching with the principles of numerology. Li Xueqin suggests that it was done under influence of the text presently constituting the "Great Plan" (Hongfan) chapter of the Shangshu.^[3]

The extant version of the book of the same name is ascribed to Zisi. It was compiled by Wang Zhuo (汪晫 Wāng Zhuó) of the Song dynasty, but not recognized as authentic. The more reliable edition was made by Huang Yizhou (1828-1899), drawing the references from Shen Yue (441-513). According to Huang Yizhou, some aspects of Zisi's thinking are paralleled by the Huainanzi.^[4]

Recent discoveries

• Wuxing (text), a recent archeological discovery providing new insight into Zisi's teaching.
• Duke Mu of Lu Asks Zisi 《魯穆公問子思》, a Guodian text relating about the concept of the "loyal minister" 忠臣 through the dialogue between Zisi and the young Duke Mu (d. 377 BCE).

See also

• Zengzi, the purported author of the Great Learning. The Great Learning and Zisi's Doctrine of the Mean, two of the Four Books, constituted the foundation of the Confucian orthodoxy.

Notes

1. Ames, Roger T.; Hall, David L. (2001). Focusing the Familiar: A Translation and Philosophical Interpretation of the Zhongyong. University of Hawaii Press. p. 132. ISBN 9780824824600.
2. 曹峰, 思孟學派的建構與解構 ——評梁濤《郭店竹簡與思孟學派》."思孟学派的建构与解构——评梁涛《郭店竹简与思孟学派》". Archived from the original on December 13, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2013., n.1.
3. Li Xueqin, 帛书《五行》与《尚书·洪范》.
4. 曹峰, 思孟學派的建構與解構 ——評梁濤《郭店竹簡與思孟學派》 Archived December 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine

References

• Pan, Fuen, "Zisi". Encyclopedia of China (Philosophy Edition), 1st ed.

External links

Works by or about Zisi at Wikisource