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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The logo of Wikipedia, a free online encyclopedia, is an unfinished puzzle globe—some jigsaw pieces are missing at the top—each inscribed with a glyph from a different writing system. As displayed on the web pages of the English-language edition of the project, there is the wordmark "WIKIPEDIA" (stylized as WikipediA) under the globe, and below that, the text "The Free Encyclopedia" in the free Linux Libertine font, which is open-source.[2][3]
In January 2001, Jimmy Wales used the flag of the United States as a placeholder logo for Wikipedia's UseModWiki instance.[4] Wikipedia's first true logo was an image originally submitted by Bjørn Smestad – under the username Bjornsm – for a Nupedia logo competition which took place in 2000.[5] It was used provisionally as Wikipedia's logo until the end of 2001.[6]
The logo included a quote from the preface of the 1879 book Euclid and his Modern Rivals by Lewis Carroll. It utilized the fisheye effect to make the text appear to be wrapped onto a sphere, leaving only part of it readable. The used text was (visible text in bold):[6]
In one respect this book is an experiment, and may chance to prove a failure: I mean that I have not thought it necessary to maintain throughout the gravity of style which scientific writers usually affect, and which has somehow come to be regarded as an 'inseparable accident' of scientific teaching. I never could quite see the reasonableness of this immemorial law: subjects there are, no doubt, which are in their essence too serious to admit of any lightness of treatment – but I cannot recognise Geometry as one of them. Nevertheless it will, I trust, be found that I have permitted myself a glimpse of the comic side of things only at fitting seasons, when the tired reader might well crave a moment's breathing-space, and not on any occasion where it could endanger the continuity of the line of argument.
In November 2001, Wikipedia users began suggesting new logos for the website. A list of 24 leading candidates was chosen in the contest, which took place from November to December 2001. The winner was the last logo (#24), contributed by the user The Cunctator.[6]
The logo included the quote, taken from Thomas Hobbes's 1651 book Leviathan, from chapter VI of part I, placed within the circle and distorted by the fisheye effect. Underneath it was written "Wikipedia" in the capital letters, with W and A being slightly taller than the others. Beneath that was placed the motto of Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia.[6] The text used for the logo was (visible text in bold):
Desire to know why, and how, curiosity; such as is in no living creature but man: so that man is distinguished, not only by his reason, but also by this singular passion from other animals; in whom the appetite of food, and other pleasures of sense, by predominance, take away the care of knowing causes; which is a lust of the mind, that by a perseverance of delight in the continual and indefatigable generation of knowledge, exceedeth the short vehemence of any carnal pleasure.
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As the logo utilized text in English language, its usage was not favored by other-language versions of Wikipedia. Some websites used similar designs with texts in their own languages. For example, Dutch Wikipedia used text from Multatuli's 1860 Max Havelaar classic book.[7] Other websites used the logo with English text, painted in the colours of the national flags. Such design was used for example by Danish and Swedish versions, using the flags of Denmark and Sweden, respectively.[8][9] The other option used by some versions of Wikipedia was to design their own distinct logos, for example the French Wikipedia, which used the green circle with a white dove on it, as its logo.[10] Additionally, some websites used a logo with English text in it, with the motto "The Free Encyclopedia" translated to their languages. It was done, for example, by the German Wikipedia.[11]
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In 2003, following a suggestion by Erik Möller, known under the username Eloquence, an international logo contest was conducted to find a new logo that was suitable for all language versions of Wikipedia.[12][13] After a two-stage voting process, a design by Paul Stansifer, at the time known under username Paullusmagnus, won with considerable support. His project depicted an unfinished globe constructed of puzzle pieces, of multiple colors. It was covered by text with links in various languages and writing systems, to symbolize the continuous construction and development of the project. It was made in POV-Ray, using a puzzle image wrapped around a sphere.[13]
A ratification vote was held soon after, to confirm community consensus. As a result, twelve direct adaptations of the design were created by members of the community. One of the propositions made by David Friedland, known under username Nohat, was chosen. Friedland removed the color and changed the overlaid text into one letter or symbol per puzzle piece. His design included various characters from various writing systems. The writing in the logo used Hoefler Text font.
Before being officially released, the logo slightly lightened up and had replaced nearly obsolete kana wi (ヰ) from katakana script with modern kana wa (ワ) and small i (ィ). A smooth breathing mark before the Greek omega (Ω) was deleted and Russian Short I (Й) replaced by Russian I (И). It was adopted by the English Wikipedia on 26 September 2003.[13]
The logo included 16 characters from 16 different writing scripts, many of which—but not all, chosen to represent due to their similarity to letter W from English language, as in the name Wikipedia. The alphabets represented were as follows:[13]
 Armenian ini(Ի, transcription: i) |
— | — | — |
 Khmer lo(ល, transcription: lɔɔ) |
— |  Japanese Katakana wa + small i(ワィ, romanization: wi) |
 Klingon r(, transcription: r) |
.svg) Tibetan wa + i(ཝི, transcription: wi) |
 Greek capital omega(Ω, transcription: o) |
 Latin capital W |
 Arabic isolated yodh(ي, transcription: y) |
 Devanagari va + i(वि, transcription: vi) |
 Simplified Chinese radical 145+5 strokes(袓, pinyin: jù, jiē) |
 Cyrillic capital I(И, transcription: i) |
 Korean Hangul wicombined letters ieung, u and i(위, transcription: wi) |
 Mongolian Todo I (rotated 90 degrees)(ᡅ, transcription: i) |
 Kannada va + i(ವಿ) |
 Hebrew resh(ר, transcription: r) |
 Thai chà(ฉ, transcription: ch) |
| Version with Ω and И | Version with Ώ and Й | |
|---|---|---|
| (and with ワィ) | (and with ウィ) | |
Examples:Portuguese |
Examples:Polish |
Examples:French |
| English |
Chinese |
English |
| ΩGreek capital omega(Ω, transcription: o) | ΏGreek capital omega with tonos(Ώ, transcription: ó) | |
| ИCyrillic capital I(И, transcription: i) | ЙCyrillic capital Short I(Й, transcription: y) | |
The logo included several mistakes. Due to a formatting error:
In late 2009, the Wikimedia Foundation undertook the efforts to fix the errors and generally update the puzzle globe logo. Among other concerns, the original logo did not scale well and some letters appeared distorted.[14] For the new logo, the Wikimedia Foundation defined which characters appear on the "hidden" puzzle pieces, and had a three-dimensional computer model of the globe created to allow the generation of other views.[15]
The new design was published in May 2010. It features the new 3D rendering of the puzzle globe, as well as correct versions of previously wrong characters, including fixed versions of letters from Kannada and Devanagari, and usage of correct Japanese katakana characters. Additionally, several letters had been replaced by others. It included:[16][2]
The wordmark has been modified from the Hoefler Text font to the open-source Linux Libertine font, and the subtitle was no longer italicized. The "W" character, which was used in various other places in Wikipedia, such as the favicon, and was seen as a distinctive part of the Wikipedia brand, was stylized as crossed V's in the original logo, while the W in Linux Libertine was rendered with a single line. To provide the traditional appearance of the Wikipedia "W", a "crossed" W was added as an OpenType variant to the Linux Libertine font.[2]
For the new logo, the entire surface of its globe was designed, including puzzle pieces hidden on the non-visible parts of the logo. In total, there were designed 51 puzzle pieces, of which 18 were visible in the logo. There were 21 empty spaces left, for the missing puzzles.
The visible puzzle pieces are:[13][17]
The puzzle pieces from the not visible portion of the logo are:[13][17]
| — | — | — | |||||||
| — | — | — | |||||||
| — | — | — | — |  Armenian vev(Վ) |
— | — | — | — | — |
| — | — | — | .svg) Telugu va + (i)(వి) |
 Khmer vo + i(វិ) |
— |  Katakana u + small i(ウィ) |
 Gəʿəz wə(ው) |
— | — |
 Javanese wa + i(ꦮꦶ) |
 Gujarati va + i(વિ) |
 Gothic vinja(𐍅) |
 Latin E-acute(É) |
 >Bengali–Assamese short u(উ) |
 Greek omega(Ω) |
Latin W |
 Arabic waw(و) |
 Gurmukhī vava + sihari(ਵਿ) |
![the last letter of names of most Wikipedias using the Cyrillic Alphabet[citation needed]](#/media/File:Cyrillic_Я.svg) Cyrillic ya(Я) |
 Syriac wāw(ܘ) |
 Lontara w + i(ᨓᨗ) |
 Oriya U(ଉ) |
 Burmese script v + i(ဝီ) |
 Devanagari va + i(वि) |
 Traditional Chinese維 |
 Cyrillic i(И) |
 Hangul/Chosongul wi(위) |
 Tāna vaavu + (i)(ވި) |
 Laotian w + i(ວິ) |
 Cyrillic ve(В) |
 Glagolitic vědě(Ⰲ) |
 Malayalam va + short i(വി) |
 Inuktitut short u(ᐅ) |
 Georgian vini(ვ) |
.svg) Kannada va + (i)(ವಿ) |
 Hebrew vav(ו) |
 Thai wo waen + sara i(วิ) |
 Latin H |
 Cyrillic u(У) |
 Tagalog Baybayin wi() |
 Latin U |
 Mongolian wa(ᠸ) |
 Limbu wa + i(ᤘᤡ) |
 Cherokee wi(Ꮻ) |
Tibetan wa + (i)(ཝི) |
.svg) Tamil va + (i)(வி) |
 Sinhala va + i(වි) |
 Latin A-umlaut(Ä) |
 Chinese character典 |
 Tai Le wa(ᥝ) |
 Latin V |
 Cyrillic de(Д) |
|||||||
 Greek pi(Π) |
 Arabic yāʾ + ʾalif(يا) |
 Latin dotted I(İ) |
|||||||
On 15 January 2011, a special logo replaced the standard globe on the English Wikipedia in order to mark the tenth anniversary of Wikipedia's founding. The logo depicts a single black jigsaw piece, representing the addition of another piece to the puzzle. On it is written "10 years".[18]
On 14 January 2021, a four-sectioned logo was used instead of the puzzle globe on the English Wikipedia, in order to mark the 20th anniversary of Wikipedia. The four sections, depict, in clockwise order, starting from the top-left:
On 22 January 2021, the previous anniversary logo was replaced with a less striking version, consisting of the normative Wikipedia globe above the text "20 years of Wikipedia – Over One Billion Edits"[21] to commemorate the concurrent milestone of reaching one billion recorded edits to the English Wikipedia.
In 2009, the Wikimedia Foundation had put a 3D printed sign depicting a half of the Wikipedia globe, in its headquarters in San Francisco, California, United States. It was made by Because We Can, a design firm based in Oakland, California.[22]
On 22 October 2014, in the town of Słubice, Poland, was unveiled the Wikipedia Monument, a statue by sculptor Mihran Hakobyan honoring Wikipedia contributors. The monument depicts four nude figures holding aloft a globe based on the Wikipedia logo, reaching over two metres (6 ft 7 in) up, made out of the fiber and resin. It is the world's first monument to the online encyclopedia.[23][24][25][26]
On 29 September 2017, the sculpture of the logo of Wikipedia was submerged to the bottom of Lake Sevan in Armenia, to form an artificial reef. It was done thanks to the joint efforts of the Wikimedia Armenia community and ArmDiving divers' club. The 2 metre-wide and 2 metre-high (6 ft 7 in by 6 ft 7 in) sculpture (the largest depiction of Wikipedia logo in the world) was made in Armenia for the annual meeting of the Central and Eastern Europe Wikimedia affiliates, Wikimedia CEE Meeting that the country hosted in August 2016 in Dilijan.[27]
The 2010 logo is registered with the Madrid system under registration numbers 1221024,[28] 1221826,[29] and 1238122.[30]
In the United States, the 2003 and 2010 logos are registered trademarks under registration numbers 3594356 and 4710546, respectively.
The 2003 and 2010 logos are registered as a Community Trade Mark of the European Union by the Wikimedia Foundation. The 2003 logo bears a filing date of 31 January 2008 and a registration date of 20 January 2009.[31][32] The 2010 logo bears a filing date of 28 March 2014 and a registration date of 22 August 2014.[33]
On 1 January 2021, the 2003 and 2010 logos were granted UK trademark numbers as a result of Brexit.[34]
On 24 October 2014, the Wikimedia Foundation released the logo, along with all other logos belonging to the Foundation, under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license.[35]
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