Timeline of diplomatic relations of the Republic of China

Numerous states have ceased their diplomatic recognition of the Republic of China during the last 70 years, since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Under the One China policy, the ROC is recognized by 11 UN member states and Holy See with 59 UN member states and Somaliland maintaining unofficial cultural and economic relations.

   Republic of China

  Countries that have diplomatic relations with the ROC

  Countries that formerly had diplomatic relations with the ROC

  Countries that have never had diplomatic relations with the ROC

Timeline

Former French Embassy to the Republic of China in Nanjing.

Former Mexican Embassy to the Republic of China in Nanjing.

Former Soviet Union Embassy to the Republic of China in Nanjing.

Former United Kingdom Embassy to the Republic of China in Nanjing.

Former United States Embassy to the Republic of China in Nanjing.

The timeline of diplomatic relations of the Republic of China encompasses the years from 1912 to 1949 (the establishment of the People's Republic of China), and the year of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO) establishments as a substitute for embassies in the absence of official diplomatic relations with the ROC.

Year	State	Event	TECRO establishment
1912	Australia	Recognition; continuation of relations began under the Qing dynasty in 1908
1912	Austria-Hungary	Recognition; relations began in 1869
1912	Belgium	Recognition; relations began in 1865
1912	Brazil	Recognition; relations began in 1880
1912	Canada	Recognition; relations began in 1909
1912	Cape Colony	Recognition; relations began in 1904
1912	Cuba	Recognition; relations began in 1902
1912	Denmark	Recognition; relations began in 1908
1912	Italy	Recognition; relations began in 1866
1912	Japan	Recognition; relations began in 1871
1912	Mexico	Recognition; relations began in 1899
1912	Netherlands	Recognition; relations began in 1863
1912	New Zealand	Recognition; continuation of relations began under the Qing dynasty in 1908
1912	Norway	Recognition; relations began in 1847
1912	Portugal	Recognition; relations began in 1862
1912	Sweden	Recognition; relations began in 1847
1912	United Kingdom	Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty	1963[1]
1912	United States	Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty in 1844
1913	France	Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty
1913	Russia	Recognition; relations began in 1878
1913	Germany	Recognition of the establishment of the Republic of China; relations began in 1861.
1913	Peru	Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty in 1875
1915	Chile	Diplomatic relations established
1917	Germany	Diplomatic relations ceased (first time)
1918	Russia	Diplomatic relations ceased (first time)
1919	Bolivia	Diplomatic relations established
1919	Finland	Diplomatic relations established
1919	Poland	Diplomatic relations established
1921	Estonia	Diplomatic relations established
1921	Germany	Diplomatic relations resumed (first time)
1921	Lithuania	Diplomatic relations established	2021[2][3]
1922	Panama	Diplomatic re-established; relations began with the Qing dynasty in 1909.
1923	Latvia	Diplomatic relations established[4]	1992 (Consulate) 1995[5][6]
1924	Soviet Union	Diplomatic relations resumed (first time)
1929	Soviet Union	Diplomatic relations ceased (second time)
1930	Nicaragua	Diplomatic relations established
1931	Czechoslovakia	Diplomatic relations established
1932	Soviet Union	Diplomatic relations resumed (second time)
1933	Guatemala	Diplomatic relations established
1934	Monaco	Diplomatic relations established
1934	Turkey	Diplomatic relations established
1937	Iran	Diplomatic relations established[7]
1937	Japan	Diplomatic relations ceased (Beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War)
1939	Romania	Diplomatic relations established
1941	Nazi Germany	Diplomatic relations ceased (second time, German diplomatic recognition of the Wang Jingwei regime)
1941	Colombia	Diplomatic relations established
1941	Honduras	Diplomatic relations established
1941	Italy	Diplomatic relations ceased (first time, Italian diplomatic recognition of the Wang Jingwei regime)
1941	Romania	Diplomatic relations ceased (Romanian diplomatic recognition of the Wang Jingwei regime)
1942	Holy See	Diplomatic relations established
1942	El Salvador	Diplomatic relations established
1942	Iraq	Diplomatic relations established
1944	Afghanistan	Diplomatic relations established
1944	Dominican Republic	Diplomatic relations established
1945	Yugoslavia	Diplomatic relations established
1946	Italy	Diplomatic relations resumed (second time)
1946	Mongolia	Recognition achieved
1946	Syria	Recognition achieved
1946	Thailand	Diplomatic relations established
1947	Bulgaria	Diplomatic relations established
1947	Saudi Arabia	Diplomatic relations established
1947	India	Diplomatic relations established
1948	Burma	Diplomatic relations established
1949	Israel	Recognition achieved
1949	Luxembourg	Diplomatic relations established
1949	South Africa	Diplomatic relations resumed
1949	South Korea	Diplomatic relations re-established, relations began under the Korean Empire in 1899
1949	Soviet Union	Diplomatic relations ceased (third time)[8]	1993 (in Russia)[9]
1949	Czechoslovakia	Diplomatic relations ceased	1991[10] (in Czech Republic) 2003[11] (in Slovakia)
1949	Poland	Diplomatic relations ceased	1992?
1949	Hungary	Diplomatic relations ceased	1990
1949	Albania	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1949	Bulgaria	Diplomatic relations ceased
1950	Afghanistan	Diplomatic relations ceased
1950	Norway	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]	1980[12] to 2017
1950	Switzerland	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]	1973[12]
1950	Finland	Diplomatic relations ceased	1990[13]
1950	Sweden	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]	1981?
1950	Denmark	Diplomatic relations ceased	1973? or 1980[14]
1950	India	Diplomatic relations ceased	1995[15]
1950	Ceylon	Diplomatic relations ceased
1950	Burma	Diplomatic relations ceased	2015[16] or 2016[17]
1950	Indonesia	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]	1971
1951	Pakistan	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1952	Japan	Diplomatic relations re-established (2nd time)
1953	Laos	Diplomatic relations established
1953	Mongolia	Recognition revoked	2002
1954	Lebanon	Diplomatic relations established
1954	Netherlands	Diplomatic relations ceased	1981
1955	South Vietnam	Diplomatic relations established
1955	West Germany	Diplomatic relations resumed (second time)
1955	Nepal	Diplomatic relations ceased
1955	Yugoslavia	Diplomatic relations ceased
1956	Egypt	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1956	Iran	Diplomatic relations established[7]
1956	Syria	Recognition withdrawn
1956	Haiti	Diplomatic relations established
1957	Jordan	Diplomatic relations established
1957	Paraguay	Diplomatic relations established
1958	Iraq	Diplomatic relations ceased
1958	Morocco	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1959	Sudan	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1960	Cuba	Diplomatic relations ceased
1960	Nigeria	Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1960	Guatemala	Diplomatic relations established
1960	Congo-Léopoldville	Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1961	El Salvador	Diplomatic relations established
1961	Congo-Léopoldville	Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1961	Laos	Diplomatic relations ceased (first time)
1961	Upper Volta	Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1961	Congo-Léopoldville	Diplomatic relations resumed (1st time)
1962	Laos	Diplomatic relations resumed
1962	Uganda	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1963	Niger	Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1964	France	Diplomatic relations ceased	1974[18]
1964	Central African Republic	Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)[clarification needed]
1964	Malaysia	Diplomatic relations established
1966	Malawi	Diplomatic relations established
1966	Lesotho	Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1968	Gambia	Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1968	Central African Republic	Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
1968	Swaziland	Diplomatic relations established
1969	Senegal	Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1970	Italy	Diplomatic relations ceased (second time)	1990[19]
1970	Khmer Republic	Diplomatic relations established
1970	Canada	Diplomatic relations ceased	1991[20]
1970	Chile	Diplomatic relations ceased	1975[21]
1971	Belgium	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]	1971[22]
1971	Austria	Diplomatic relations ceased	1972[12]
1971	Iceland	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1971	Turkey	Diplomatic relations ceased	1989?
1971	Iran	Diplomatic relations ceased
1971	Kuwait	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]	1986
1971	Lebanon	Diplomatic relations ceased
1971	Peru	Diplomatic relations ceased	1978[23]
1971	Nigeria	Diplomatic relations ceased	1991[24]
1972	United Kingdom	Diplomatic relations ceased[25]	1963 (as "The Free Chinese Centre, London") 1993[1]
1972	Japan	Diplomatic relations ceased (second)	1972
1972	West Germany	Diplomatic relations ceased (third time)	1999 (in Germany)[26]
1972	Greece	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]	1973
1972	Australia	Diplomatic relations ceased	1992[27]
1972	New Zealand	Diplomatic relations ceased	1973[28]
1972	Luxembourg	Diplomatic relations ceased	1975
1972	Mexico	Diplomatic relations ceased	1989?
1972	Argentina	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]	1995[29]
1972	Jamaica	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1972	Chad	Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)[clarification needed]
1972	Zaire	Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
1972	Senegal	Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1973	Spain	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]	1973[12]
1973	Upper Volta	Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1974	Malaysia	Diplomatic relations ceased	1974[30]
1974	Brazil	Diplomatic relations ceased	1975
1974	Venezuela	Diplomatic relations ceased
1974	Niger	Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1974	Gabon	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1974	Gambia	Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1975	Thailand	Diplomatic relations ceased	1975[31]
1975	Khmer Republic	Diplomatic relations ceased	1994 to 1997
1975	South Vietnam	Defeat of South Vietnam	1992 (in Vietnam)
1975	Laos	Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
1975	Philippines	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1976	Central African Republic	Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
1977	Jordan	Diplomatic relations ceased	1977
1977	Liberia	Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)[clarification needed]
1978	Libya	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]	1980 to 1997 (1st time) 2008 to 2011 (2nd time)
1979	United States	Diplomatic relations ceased	1979[32]
1979	Portugal	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]	1992
1979	Colombia	Diplomatic relations ceased	1980?
1979	Tuvalu	Diplomatic relations established
1980	Nauru	Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1980	Ecuador	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1981	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Diplomatic relations established
1983	Dominica	Diplomatic relations established
1983	Lesotho	Diplomatic relations ceased (first)
1983	Solomon Islands	Diplomatic relations established
1983	Saint Kitts and Nevis	Diplomatic relations established
1984	United Arab Emirates	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]	1984?
1984	Saint Lucia	Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1985	Bolivia	Diplomatic relations ceased	1990 to 2009
1985	Nicaragua	Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1988	Uruguay	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]	1992 to 2002
1989	Grenada	Diplomatic relations established
1989	Liberia	Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
1989	Bahamas	Diplomatic relations established
1989	Belize	Diplomatic relations established
1990	Saudi Arabia	Diplomatic relations ceased	1990[33]
1990	Guinea-Bissau	Diplomatic relations established
1990	Lesotho	Diplomatic relations established (2nd time)
1990	Nicaragua	Diplomatic relations resumed
1991	Central African Republic	Diplomatic relations resumed (3rd time)
1991	People's Republic of China	De facto recognition[34]
1992	South Korea	Diplomatic relations ceased	1993? or 1994
1992	Israel	Recognition withdrawn[35]	1993[36]
1992	Niger	Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
1993	Liberia	Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
1994	Lesotho	Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
1994	Burkina Faso (formerly  Upper Volta)	Diplomatic relations established (2nd time)
1995	Monaco	Diplomatic relations ceased
1995	Gambia	Diplomatic relations resumed
1996	Niger	Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
1996	Senegal	Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
1997	Bahamas	Diplomatic relations ceased
1997	Chad	Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
1997	Liberia	Diplomatic relations resumed (3rd time)
1997	Saint Lucia	Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1997	São Tomé and Príncipe	Diplomatic relations established
1998	South Africa	Diplomatic relations ceased	1998[37]
1998	Central African Republic	Diplomatic relations ceased (3rd time)
1998	Guinea-Bissau	Diplomatic relations ceased
1998	Tonga	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1998	Marshall Islands	Diplomatic relations established
1999	Papua New Guinea	Diplomatic relations maintained for 16 days[38]	1990[39]
1999	Macedonia	Diplomatic relations established
1999	Palau	Diplomatic relations established
2001	Macedonia	Diplomatic relations ceased
2002	Nauru	Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
2003	Liberia	Diplomatic relations ceased (3rd time)
2003	Kiribati	Diplomatic relations established
2004	Dominica	Diplomatic relations ceased
2004	Vanuatu	Diplomatic relations maintained for a week[40]
2005	Grenada	Diplomatic relations ceased
2005	Nauru	Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
2005	Senegal	Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
2006	Chad	Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
2007	Saint Lucia	Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
2007	Costa Rica	Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
2008	Kosovo	Recognition achieved
2008	Malawi	Diplomatic relations ceased
2013	Gambia	Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
2016	São Tomé and Príncipe	Diplomatic relations ceased[41]
2017	Panama	Diplomatic relations ceased
2018	Dominican Republic	Diplomatic relations ceased
2018	Burkina Faso	Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
2018	El Salvador	Diplomatic relations ceased
2019	Solomon Islands	Diplomatic relations ceased
2019	Kiribati	Diplomatic relations ceased
2020	Somaliland	Unofficial relations established
2021	Nicaragua	Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
2023	Honduras	Diplomatic relations ceased
2024	Nauru	Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)

See also

ROC

• Foreign relations of Taiwan

PRC

• Foreign relations of China
• Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China

References

1. "Taiwan-UK Relations - Taiwan-UK relations - Taipei Representative Office in the U.K. 駐英國台北代表處". Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
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3. Agencies (19 November 2021). "China condemns opening of Taiwan office in Lithuania as 'egregious act'". the Guardian. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
4. Lobzova, Liene. "Establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
5. Tubilewicz, Czeslaw (7 August 2007). Taiwan and Post-Communist Europe: Shopping for Allies. Routledge. pp. 76–94. ISBN 9781134100842.
6. "本處與駐在國關係 (The relationship between the Department and the country)". 駐拉脫維亞代表處 Taipei Mission in the Republic of Latvia. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
7. electricpulp.com. "CHINESE-IRANIAN RELATIONS v. Diplomatic – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org.
8. In April 1949, when Chiang Kai-shek abandoned his capital in Nanking, the Soviet ambassador - alone among the diplomatic corps - joined Chiang in his retreat to Canton (Guangzhou). Source: Eric Hobsbawm: The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914–1991, London 1994, p. 227.
9. Tubilewicz, Czeslaw (7 August 2007). Taiwan and Post-Communist Europe: Shopping for Allies. Routledge. ISBN 9781134100842 – via Google Books.
10. Archived 2007-09-18 at the Wayback Machine
11. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
12. Hibou, Béatrice (28 December 2016). Privatising the State. Hurst. ISBN 9781850656890 – via Google Books.
13. Archived 2014-09-08 at the Wayback Machine
14. "Organization - Organization - Taipei Representative Office in Denmark 駐丹麥台北代表處". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
15. Archived 2015-11-20 at the Wayback Machine
16. Myanmar opens trade office in Taiwan in bid to boost ties, The China Post, June 25, 2015
17. "TECO in Myanmar opens doors in Yangon: ministry". Taipei Times. 29 March 2016. p. 3. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
18. Archived 2016-01-08 at the Wayback Machine
19. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
20. Archived 2015-11-18 at the Wayback Machine
21. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
22. "Introduction - Introduction - Taipei Representative Office in the EU and Belgium 駐歐盟兼駐比利時代表處". Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
23. Archived 2014-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
24. Archived 2014-09-17 at archive.today
25. On 6 January 1950, the United Kingdom recognized the PRC and requested the exchange of ambassadors, but this was refused. The UK closed the Nanjing embassy and established relations with the PRC on 17 June 1954. The PRC government does not regard the semi-diplomatic relations at chargé d'affaires level as formal diplomatic ties. The UK does. The Tamsui consulate remained opened under the guise of the Taiwan Provincial Government. The PRC consented to the exchange of ambassadors with the UK on 13 March 1972 and closed the ROC consulate in Tamsui. See Sino-British relations for further details.
26. Archived 2014-04-08 at the Wayback Machine
27. Archived 2015-07-17 at the Wayback Machine
28. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
29. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
30. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
31. Archived 2015-10-14 at the Wayback Machine
32. (Taiwan), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (1 May 1979). "Courage and fortitude - Taiwan Today". Taiwan Today.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
33. Archived 2015-06-24 at the Wayback Machine
34. Chinese (Taiwan) Yearbook of International Law and Affairs, Volume 24 (2006). BRILL. 3 February 2020. ISBN 9789004424968.
35. Israel recognized the PRC on 8 January 1950 but the request was rejected at first by the PRC.
36. Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
37. Team, Internet. "About Us". Taipei Liaison Office in the RSA 駐南非共和國台北聯絡代表處.
38. On August 5, 1999, Republic of China and Papua New Guinea had agreed to establish diplomatic relations, but the new government of Papua New Guinea withdrew the agreement with the ROC on August 21, 1999.
39. "Organisation". Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Papua New Guinea. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). 19 March 2020. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
40. On November 3, 2004, Republic of China and Vanuatu had agreed to establish diplomatic relations, but the new government of Vanuatu withdrew the agreement with the ROC on November 10, 2004.
41. "São Tomé e Príncipe corta relações com Taiwan". 20 December 2016.

Sources

• 中華民國與各國建交斷交大事紀 (in Chinese)