Sumenep (town)

Kota Sumenep,^[a] officially the Kota Sumenep District,^[b] was previously known as Fort of Samanap^[c] in English,^[5] is a town and district which serves as the regency seat of Sumenep Regency, in the East Java province of Indonesia. It is the second smallest and populated district in Sumenep Regency, with an area of 27.84 square kilometres (10.75 sq mi) and the population of 75,367 as of 2023.^[1] The administrative capital is Pamolokan. On 29 June 2004, part of the Kota Sumenep District was expanded into a separate district, namely Batuan District.^[6]

Kota Sumenep Soemanap Soemenap Soemenep
Town (District) and Regency seat
Kota Sumenep District Kecamatan Kota Sumenep
Madurese transcription(s)
• Latèn script	Kottha Songennep
• Pèghun script	كَوڟّا سَوڠۤنّۤڤ‎
• Carakan script	ꦏꦺꦴꦛ꧀ꦛꦯꦺꦴꦔꦼꦤ꧀ꦤꦼꦥ꧀
Royal Palace of Sumenep Asta Tinggi Cemetery Sumenep Museum Taman Sare Water Castle Bull Racing in Giling Stadium
Nicknames:  Kota Keris "Kris City", Kota Keraton "Kraton City", Kota Cemara Udang "Beach Sheoak City", others
Motto(s):  Songennep ta’ Abingker (unofficial) (Madurese for "Frameless Sumenep") Word meaning: "Sumenepese are Wanderer"
Kota Sumenep Location in Java and Indonesia Show map of Java Kota Sumenep Kota Sumenep (Indonesia) Show map of Indonesia
Coordinates: 7.001328818787373°S 113.869682245928°E / -7.001328818787373; 113.869682245928
Country	Indonesia
Province	East Java
Regency	Sumenep
Capital	Pamolokan
Subdivisions	16 villages
Government
• Head of district	Yudi Nursukmadyanto
• District secretary	Parman
• Head of government section	R.A Tayyibah
• General subdivision	Mohammad Aprilla
Area
• Total	27.84 km2 (10.75 sq mi)
• Rank	26th in Sumenep
Elevation	10 m (30 ft)
Highest elevation (Kebunagung Hill)	30 m (100 ft)
Lowest elevation (Marengan River)	0 m (0 ft)
Population  (end 2023 estimate)[1]
• Total	75,367
• Rank	2nd in Sumenep
• Density	2,707/km2 (7,010/sq mi)
• Rank	1st in Sumenep
Demonym(s)	Sumenepese (en) Sumenepan (id) Sumenebhân (mad)
Demographics
• Ethnic groups[2]	96.4% Madurese 1.3% Chinese 0.9% Arabs 1.4% Others
• Religion[3]	98.65% Islam 0.59% Catholicism 0.57% Protestantism 0.13% Buddhism 0.01% Hinduism 0.01% Confucianism 0.01% Others
• Languages	Indonesian (official) Madurese (regional) Others
Time zone	UTC+7 (IWST)
Postal code	69412 – 69417
Area code	(+62) 328
Vehicle registration	M xxxx U*/V*/W*/X*/Y*/Z*
Abbreviation[4]	SMP
Airport (main airport)	Trunojoyo Airport
Bus station (main bus station)	Arya Wiraraja bus station
Largest villages or wards by area	Pabian 4.95 km2 (1.91 sq mi)
Largest villages or wards by population	Kolor 16,262 (2023 est)
Website	kec-kota.sumenepkab.go.id

Other transcription(s)
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	哥打蘇民納
Simplified Chinese	哥打苏民纳
Postal	Kota Soominna
Literal meaning	from Kota Sumenep, a phrase that means "Settled Water Town"
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Gēdǎ Sūmínnà Bopomofo ㄍㄜ ㄉㄚˇ ㄙㄨ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄋㄚˋ Gwoyeu Romatzyh Gedaa Suminnah Wade–Giles Ko1-ta3 Su1-min2-na4 Tongyong Pinyin Ge-dǎ Su-mín-nà IPA [kɤ́.tà sú.mǐn.nâ] other Mandarin Xiao'erjing قْدَا سُمٍنَا‎ Dungan Гәда Суминна Sichuanese Pinyin Go1da3 Su1min2na2 Wu Romanization Ku平-tan去 Su平-min平-neh入 Suzhounese Kou-tan Sou-min-neh Gan Romanization Go da Su min lah Xiang IPA [ko˧ ta˦˩ sow˧ min˩˧ la˨˦] Hakka Romanization Go1-da3 Su1-min2-nab6 Pha̍k-fa-sṳ Kô-tá Sû-mìn-na̍p Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Gōdá Sōumàhnnaahp Jyutping Go1 daa2 Sou1 man4 naap6 IPA [kɔ˥.ta˧˥ sɔw˥.mɐn˩.nap̚˨] Southern Min Hokkien POJ Ko-tá So͘-bîn-la̍p Tâi-lô Ko-tá Soo-bîn-la̍p Teochew Peng'im Go1da2 Sou1ming5nab8 Eastern Min Fuzhou BUC Gŏ̤-dā Sŭ-mìng-năk Pu-Xian Min Hinghwa BUC Go̤-dâ So-míng-da̍h Northern Min Jian'ou Romanized Gó̤-dǎ Sú-měng-nà Middle Chinese Middle Chinese Ka taengX Su mjin nop
Alternative Chinese name
Chinese	漯水市
Postal	Loshui Shih
Literal meaning	"Lowland Water City"
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Luòshuǐ Shì Bopomofo ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄕˋ Gwoyeu Romatzyh Luohshoei Shyh Wade–Giles Lo4-shui3 Shih4 Tongyong Pinyin Luò-shuěi Shìh Yale Romanization Lwò-shwěi Shr̀ IPA [lwô.ʂwèɪ ʂî] other Mandarin Xiao'erjing لُوَشُوِ شِ‎ Dungan Луәфи Шы Sichuanese Pinyin No2sui3 Si4 Wu Romanization Loh入-sy去 Zy去 Suzhounese Loh-syu Zy Gan Romanization Loh sui Si Xiang IPA [lo˨˦ ɕɥej˦˩ ʂʐ˨˩] Hakka Romanization Lok6-sui3 Si4 Pha̍k-fa-sṳ Lo̍k-súi Sṳ Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Lokséui Síh Jyutping Lok3 seoi2 Si5 IPA [lɔk̚˧.sɵɥ˧˥ si˩˧] Southern Min Hokkien POJ Lo̍k-chúi Chhī Tâi-lô Lo̍k-tsuí Tshī Teochew Peng'im Log8zui2 Ci6 Eastern Min Fuzhou BUC Lŏk-cūi Chê Pu-Xian Min Hinghwa BUC Lo̤̍h-cûi Sī Northern Min Jian'ou Romanized Lò̤-sṳ̌ Chī Middle Chinese Middle Chinese Lak sywijX DzyiX
Arabic name
Arabic	كوتا سومينيب‎ Kūtā Sūmīnīb
Javanese name
Javanese	Kuthå Sungěněp ꦏꦸꦛꦱꦸꦔꦼꦤꦼꦥ꧀
Dutch name
Dutch	Kota Soemenep ⠅⠕⠞⠁⠀⠎⠪⠍⠑⠝⠑⠏
Japanese name
Japanese	コタ・スメネプ Kota Sumenepu

This district is located 175 km east of Surabaya and 965 km east of Jakarta. Geographically, Kota Sumenep is in the eastern coast of Madura island. Infrastructure and settlements from Sumenep Regency are also concentrated in this district, which is the center of government and economy for regency at the far eastern end of the island of Madura. Hugely prosperous in the eighteenth century, it is now a quiet, peaceful backwater, with its past glory still in evidence.

Etymology

Kota Sumenep gained it is name from the combination of two words. The word Kota comes from Indonesian word kota which in turn comes from the Sanskrit word कोट्ट (koṭṭa) which means fort, fortress, castle, fortified house, fortification, works, city, town, or place encircled by walls.^[7] It is also used formally in a few other Indonesian towns (districts) and cities, for example; Kota Jantho, Kota Tambolaka, and Kota Waisai. It can also be used informally to refer to any towns (districts) or cities. Hence, a direct translation of the name Kota Sumenep into English would be "Town of Sumenep" or "Sumenep Town".

While, the name Sumenep originated from the language of Old Javanese people from the words of Sungeneb (Kawi: ᬲᬸᬗᭂᬦᭂᬩ᭄, romanized: Suṅĕnĕb) which means "the quiet valley", referring to most of the Kota Sumenep area which used to be land used by swamp deposits. Hence, Western writers often refer to Sumenep as Soemanap, Soemenap or Soemenep. In Bijdragen tot de kennis van de residentie Madoera (1858) published in Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië, J. Hageman stated that since Tirtonegoro replaced Cokronegoro II in 1751, the word Sumenep was used officially as meaning "settled water" – bezonken water (in Dutch).

Geography

Most of the Kota Sumenep District area is located in the lowlands, which around 46 percent is paddy fields, rivers and plantations, the remainder is in the form of residential land, offices or agencies, shops, industry and other urban infrastructure. It is bordered by the Manding District to the north, Gapura District with Kalianget District to the east, and the Batuan District to the south and west.^[8]

Climate

Kota Sumenep has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) with May to November and heavy rainfall from December to April.

Climate data for Sumenep (Kalianget) (1991–2020 normals)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	31.3 (88.3)	31.4 (88.5)	32.0 (89.6)	31.7 (89.1)	31.7 (89.1)	31.0 (87.8)	30.8 (87.4)	31.0 (87.8)	32.2 (90.0)	33.1 (91.6)	32.8 (91.0)	31.8 (89.2)	31.7 (89.1)
Daily mean °C (°F)	27.8 (82.0)	27.7 (81.9)	27.8 (82.0)	28.1 (82.6)	28.4 (83.1)	28.0 (82.4)	27.5 (81.5)	27.8 (82.0)	28.4 (83.1)	29.1 (84.4)	29.0 (84.2)	28.0 (82.4)	28.1 (82.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	25.0 (77.0)	24.9 (76.8)	25.1 (77.2)	25.3 (77.5)	25.6 (78.1)	25.1 (77.2)	24.7 (76.5)	24.8 (76.6)	25.2 (77.4)	25.9 (78.6)	26.0 (78.8)	25.2 (77.4)	25.2 (77.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	253.6 (9.98)	217.3 (8.56)	187.1 (7.37)	144.5 (5.69)	97.3 (3.83)	58.8 (2.31)	27.9 (1.10)	4.0 (0.16)	7.6 (0.30)	39.4 (1.55)	91.7 (3.61)	249.0 (9.80)	1,378.2 (54.26)
Average precipitation days	16.1	14.8	14.0	11.8	7.0	4.1	2.4	0.6	0.9	2.7	7.7	16.0	98.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours	135.9	133.4	165.4	173.5	236.1	239.5	268.9	297.5	288.4	289.1	207.8	122.1	2,557.6
Source: Starlings Roost Weather[9]

Government

Kota Sumenep is led by a head of district who is then assisted by a district secretary or secretariat in carrying out his duties. The current head of the Kota Sumenep District is Yudi Nursukmadyanto, who has served since 2024 and is assisted by a district secretary named Parman.^[10]

Administrative divisions

Administratively, the Kota Sumenep District area has 12 villages (desa) and 4 urban villages/wards (kelurahan) which are divided into 57 hamlets (dusun) or neighborhoods (lingkungan). The following is a list of names of the villages (desa and kelurahan) located in Kota Sumenep District:^[11]

Name Village or Ward	Area in km2	Pop'n estimate 2021	Number of hamlets	Postal code	Ministry of Affairs code
Kolor	3.24	12,845	5	69417	35.29.01.2005
Pabian	4.95	6,468	4	69417	35.29.01.2006
Marengan Daya	0.95	2,251	4	69417	35.29.01.2007
Kacongan	2.24	2,173	4	69417	35.29.01.2008
Paberasan	4.09	4,283	4	69417	35.29.01.2009
Parsanga	3.18	5,047	3	69417	35.29.01.2010
Bangkal	0.41	2,348	3	69417	35.29.01.2011
Pangarangan	0.53	5,297	3	69412	35.29.01.2014
Kepanjin*	0.33	3,200	4	69415	35.29.01.2015
Pajagalan*	0.65	3,926	2	69416	35.29.01.2016
Bangselok*	0.43	4,972	4	69416	35.29.01.2017
Karangduak*	0.30	3,724	4	69417	35.29.01.2018
Pandian	0.73	4,418	3	69414	35.29.01.2019
Pamolokan**	1.74	7,934	4	69412	35.29.01.2013
Kebunan	1.54	3,130	3	69417	35.29.01.2012
Kebunagung	2.52	2,773	3	69413	35.29.01.2020

Note: (*) urban village/ward (kelurahan).
(**) administrative capital.

Notes

1. • English: /ˈkoʊtə suːˈməˌnəp/ KOH-tə SOO-mə-nəp
   • Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈkota suˈmǝ.nǝp̚]
   • Madurese: Kottha Songennep, pronounced [ˈkɔʈːa sɔˈŋǝnːǝp̚]
2. • Indonesian: Kecamatan Kota Sumenep
   • Madurese: Kacamadhân Kottha Songennep
3. English: /səˈmɑːnəp/ sə-MAH-nəp