Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn

The official romanization system for Taiwanese Hokkien (usually called "Taiwanese") in Taiwan is known as Tâi-uân Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn,^[I][1] often shortened to Tâi-lô. It is derived from Pe̍h-ōe-jī and since 2006 has been one of the phonetic notation systems officially promoted by Taiwan's Ministry of Education.^[2] The system is used in the MoE's Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan. It is nearly identical to Pe̍h-ōe-jī, apart from: using ts tsh instead of ch chh, using u instead of o in vowel combinations such as oa and oe, using i instead of e in eng and ek, using oo instead of o͘, and using nn instead of ⁿ.

Taiwanese Romanization System

Tâi-uân Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn
Traditional Chinese	臺灣台語羅馬字拼音方案
Simplified Chinese	台湾台语罗马字拼音方案
Literal meaning	Taiwan Taiwanese (language) Romanization Scheme
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Táiwān Táiyǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn Bopomofo ㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢ ㄊㄞˊ ㄩˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄗˋ ㄆㄧㄣ ㄧㄣ ㄈㄤ ㄢˋ Gwoyeu Romatzyh Tair'uan Taiyeu Luomaatzyh Pin'in Fang'ann Wade–Giles Tʻai2-wan1 Tai2-yü3 Lo2-ma3-tzu4 Pʻin1-in1 Fang1-an4 Tongyong Pinyin Táiwan Tái-yǔ Luó-mǎ-zìh Pin-yin Fang-àn MPS2 Táiwān Táiyǔ Luómǎtz Pīnyīn Fāng'àn IPA [tʰǎɪ.wán tʰǎɪ.ỳ pʰín.ín fáŋ.ân] Hakka Romanization Thòi-vàn Thòi-ngî Lò-mâ-sṳ Piang-yîm Fông-on Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Tòihwāan Tòiyuh Lòhmáhjih Pingyām Fōng'on Jyutping toi4 waan1 toi4 jyu6 lo4 maa5 zi6 ping3 jam1 fong1 on3 IPA [tʰɔj˩ wan˥ tʰɔj˩ jy˨ lɔ˩ ma˩˧ tsi˨ pʰɪŋ˧ jɐm˥ fɔŋ˥ ] Southern Min Hokkien POJ Tâi-ôan Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Pheng-im Hong-àn Tâi-lô Tâi-uân Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn
Tâi-uân Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn
Traditional Chinese	臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案
Simplified Chinese	台湾闽南语罗马字拼音方案
Literal meaning	Taiwanese Southern Min Romanization Scheme
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Táiwān Mǐnnányǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn Bopomofo ㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢ ㄇㄧㄣˇ ㄋㄢˊ ㄩˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄗˋ ㄆㄧㄣ ㄧㄣ ㄈㄤ ㄢˋ Gwoyeu Romatzyh Tair'uan Miinnanyeu Luomaatzyh Pin'in Fang'ann Wade–Giles Tʻai2-wan1 Min3-nan2-yü3 Lo2-ma3-tzu4 Pʻin1-in1 Fang1-an4 Tongyong Pinyin Táiwan Mǐn-nán-yǔ Luó-mǎ-zìh Pin-yin Fang-àn MPS2 Táiwān Mǐnnányǔ Luómǎtz Pīnyīn Fāng'àn IPA [tʰǎɪ.wán mìn.nǎn.ỳ pʰín.ín fáŋ.ân] Hakka Romanization Thòi-vàn Men-nàm-ngî Lò-mâ-sṳ Piang-yîm Fông-on Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Tòihwāan Máhnnàahmyuh Lòhmáhjih Pingyām Fōng'on Jyutping toi4 waan1 man5 naam4 jyu6 lo4 maa5 zi6 ping3 jam1 fong1 on3 IPA [tʰɔj˩ wan˥ mɐn˩˧ nam˩ jy˨ lɔ˩ ma˩˧ tsi˨ pʰɪŋ˧ jɐm˥ ] Southern Min Hokkien POJ Tâi-ôan Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī Pheng-im Hong-àn Tâi-lô Tâi-uân Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn
Tâi-lô
Traditional Chinese	臺羅拼音
Simplified Chinese	台罗拼音
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Táiluó Pīnyīn Bopomofo ㄊㄞˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄆㄧㄣ ㄧㄣ Gwoyeu Romatzyh Tairluo Pin'in Wade–Giles Tʻai2-lo2 Pʻin1-in1 Tongyong Pinyin Tái-luó Pin-yin MPS2 Táiluó Pinyin IPA [tʰǎɪ.lwǒ pʰín.ín] Hakka Romanization Thòi-lò Piang-yîm Southern Min Hokkien POJ Tâi-lô Pheng-im Tâi-lô Tâi-lô Phing-im
Kàu-io̍k-pōo Lô-má-jī
Traditional Chinese	教育部羅馬字
Simplified Chinese	教育部罗马字
Literal meaning	Ministry of Education Romanization
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Jiàoyùbù Luómǎzì Southern Min Hokkien POJ Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ Lô-má-jī Tâi-lô Kàu-io̍k-pōo Lô-má-jī

Alphabet

The Taiwanese Romanization System uses 16 basic Latin letters (A, B, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, S, T, U), 7 digraphs (Kh, Ng, nn, Oo, Ph, Th, Ts) and a trigraph (Tsh). In addition, it uses 6 diacritics to represent tones.

Capital letter	Lower case	IPA	Letter name (variant 1)	Letter name (variant 2)
A	a	[a]	a	a
B	b	[b]	bi	be
E	e	[e]	e	e
G	g	[ɡ]	gi	ge
H	h	[h, ʔ]	hi	ha
I	i	[i]	i	i
J	j	[d͡z]	ji	je
K	k	[k]	ki	ka
Kh	kh	[kʰ]	khi	kha
L	l	[l]	li	e-luh
M	m	[m]	mi	e-muh
N	n	[n]	ni	e-nuh
Ng	ng	[ŋ]	ngi	nge
NN	nn	[◌̃]	inn	enn
O	o	[o]	o	o
Oo	oo	[ɔ]	oo	oo
P	p	[p]	pi	pe
Ph	ph	[pʰ]	phi	phe
S	s	[s]	si	e-suh
T	t	[t]	ti	te
Th	th	[tʰ]	thi	the
Ts	ts	[t͡s]	tsi	tse
Tsh	tsh	[t͡sʰ]	tshi	tshe
U	u	[u]	u	u

• nn is only used after a vowel to express nasalization, so it only appears capitalized in all-caps texts.
• Palatalization occurs when j, s, ts, tsh are followed by i, so ji, si, tsi, tshi are sometimes considered multigraphs.
• Of the 10 unused basic Latin letters, R is sometimes used to express dialectal vowels (ir and er), while the others (C, D, F, Q, V, W, X, Y, Z) are only used in loanwords.

Sample texts

Tâi-lô

Pe̍h-uē-jī (PUJ) sī tsı̍t khuán iōng Latin (Lô-má) phìng-im hē-thóng lâi siá Tâi-uân ê gí-giân ê su-bīn bûn-jī. In-uī tong-tshoo sī thuân-kàu-sū ín--jı̍p-lâi ê, sóo-í ia̍h-ū-lâng kā PUJ kiò-tsò Kàu-huē Lô-má-jī, hı̍k-tsiá sī kán-tshing Kàu-lô. Put-jî-kò hiān-tāi ê sú-iōng-tsiá bē-tsió m̄-sī kàu-tôo, kàu-tôo mā tsin tsē bē-hiáu PUJ.

Pe̍h-ōe-jī

Pe̍h-ōe-jī (POJ) sī chı̍t khoán iōng Latin (Lô-má) phèng-im hē-thóng lâi siá Tâi-ôan ê gí-giân ê su-bīn bûn-jī. In-ūi tong-chho͘ sī thôan-kàu-sū ín--jı̍p-lâi ê, só͘-í ia̍h-ū-lâng kā POJ kiò-chò Kàu-hōe Lô-má-jī, he̍k-chiá sī kán-chheng Kàu-lô. Put-jî-kò hiān-tāi ê sú-iōng-chiá bē-chió m̄-sī kàu-tô͘, kàu-tô͘ mā chin chē bē-hiáu POJ.

Hàn-jī

白話字是一款用拉丁（羅馬）拼音系統來寫臺灣的語言的書面文字。因為當初是傳教士引入來的，所以也有人共白話字叫做教會羅馬字，或者是簡稱教羅。不而過現代的使用者袂少毋是教徒，教徒嘛真濟袂曉白話字。

IPA

[peʔued͡ʑi (pi o d͡ʑe) ɕi t͡ɕiʔkʰuan ioŋ latin (loma) pʰiŋim hetʰoŋ lai ɕa taiuan e gigiɛn e subin bund͡ʑi ‖ inui toŋt͡sɔ ɕi tʰuankausu ind͡ʑiʔlai e sɔi iaʔulaŋ ka pi o d͡ʑi kiot͡so kauhue lomad͡ʑi hiʔt͡ɕia ɕi kant͡ɕʰiŋ kaulo ‖ puʔd͡ʑiko hiɛntai e suioŋt͡ɕia bet͡ɕio m̩ɕi kautɔ kautɔ ma t͡ɕin t͡se behiau pi o d͡ʑi ‖]

Values

Consonants

Initials

		Bilabial		Alveolar		Alveolo-palatal		Velar		Glottal
		Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless
Nasal			m [m] ㄇ 毛(moo)		n [n] ㄋ 耐(nāi)				ng [ŋ] ㄫ 雅(ngá)
Plosive	Unaspirated	p [p] ㄅ 邊(pian)	b [b] ㆠ 文(bûn)	t [t] ㄉ 地(tē)				k [k] ㄍ 求(kiû)	g [g] ㆣ 語(gí)
	Aspirated	ph [pʰ] ㄆ 波(pho)		th [tʰ] ㄊ 他(thann)				kh [kʰ] ㄎ 去(khì)
Affricate	Unaspirated			ts [ts] ㄗ 曾(tsan)	j [dz] ㆡ 熱(jua̍h)	tsi [tɕ] ㄐ 尖(tsiam)	ji [dʑ] ㆢ 入(ji̍p)
	Aspirated			tsh [tsʰ] ㄘ 出(tshut)		tshi [tɕʰ] ㄑ 手(tshiú)
Fricative				s [s] ㄙ 衫(sann)		si [ɕ] ㄒ 寫(siá)				h [h] ㄏ 喜(hí)
Lateral					l [l] ~ [ɾ] ㄌ 柳(liú)

Finals Bilabial Alveolar Velar Glottal Nasal consonant -m [m] ㆬ -n [n] ㄣ -ng [ŋ] ㆭ Stop consonant -p [p̚] ㆴ -t [t̚] ㆵ -k [k̚] ㆶ -h [ʔ] ㆷ

Syllabic consonant Bilabial Velar Nasal m [m̩] ㆬ 姆(ḿ) ng [ŋ̍] ㆭ 酸(sng)

Vowels & Rhymes

Simple & Nasal Front Central Back Simple Nasal Simple Nasal Simple Nasal Close i [i] ㄧ 衣(i) inn [ĩ] ㆪ 圓(înn) u [u] ㄨ 污(u) unn [ũ] ㆫ 張(tiunn) Mid e [e] ㆤ 禮(lé) enn [ẽ] ㆥ 生(senn) o[ə] ㄜ 高(ko) oo [ɔ] ㆦ 烏(oo) onn [ɔ̃] ㆧ 翁(onn) Open a [a] ㄚ 查(tsa) ann [ã] ㆩ 衫(sann)

Dialect Tâi-lô IPA Bopomofo ir [ɨ] ㆨ er [ə] ㄜ ee [ɛ] ㄝ ere [əe] ㄜㆤ[a]

• o pronounced [ə] ㄜ in general dialect in Kaohsiung and Tainan, [o] ㄛ in Taipei.
• -nn forms the nasal vowels
• There is also syllabic m and ng.

Vowel(s) Open syllabus Nasal Plosive [m] [n] [ŋ] [p̚] [t̚] [k̚] [ʔ] [a] a ann am an ang ap at ak ah annh [ai] ai ainn aih ainnh [au] au auh [e] e enn eh ennh [i] i inn im in ing ip it ik ih innh [ia] ia iann iam ian iang iap iat iak iah iannh [iau] iau iaunn iauh [iə] io ioh [iɔ] iong iok [iu] iu iunn iuh iunnh

Vowel(s) Open syllabus Nasal Plosive [m] [n] [ŋ] [p̚] [t̚] [k̚] [ʔ] [ə] o oh [ɔ] oo onn om ong op ok ooh onnh [u] u un ut uh [ua] ua uann uan uat uah [uai] uai uainn [ue] ue ueh [ui] ui [m̩] m － mh [ŋ̍] ng － ngh

• ing pronounced [ɪəŋ], ik pronounced [ɪək̚].

Tones

Tone No.	1	2 (= 6)	3	4	5	7	8
Name	陰平	上聲	陰去	陰入	陽平	陽去	陽入
	im-pîng	siōng-siann	im-khì	im-ji̍p	iông-pîng	iông-khì	iông-ji̍p
Symbol	None	Acute	Grave	None (-p, -t, -k, -h)	Circumflex	macron	Vertical line above (-p, -t, -k, -h)
	◌	◌́	◌̀	◌	◌̂	◌̄	◌̍
Pitch	˥	˥˩	˧˩	˧ʔ	˨˦	˧	˥ʔ
	55	51	31	3ʔ	24	33	5ʔ
Example	tong (東)	tóng (黨)	tòng (棟)	tok (督)	tông (同)	tōng (洞)	to̍k (毒)

A hyphen links elements of a compound word. A double hyphen indicates that the following syllable has a neutral tone and therefore that the preceding syllable does not undergo tone sandhi.

Licit syllables[2]

Ø b g h j k kh l m n ng p ph s t th ts tsh a a ba ga ha ka kha la ma na nga pa pha sa ta tha tsa tsha a ah ah bah hah kah khah lah nah pah phah sah tah thah tsah tshah ah ai ai bai gai hai kai khai lai mai nai ngai pai phai sai tai thai tsai tshai ai ainn ainn hainn kainn khainn phainn tainn tsainn ainn ak ak bak gak hak kak khak lak pak phak sak tak thak tsak tshak ak am am gam ham kam kham lam sam tam tham tsam tsham am an an ban gan han kan khan lan pan phan san tan than tsan tshan an ang ang bang gang hang kang khang lang pang phang sang tang thang tsang tshang ang ann ann hann kann khann phann sann tann thann tsann tshann ann annh hannh sannh annh ap ap hap kap khap lap sap tap thap tsap tshap ap at at bat hat kat khat lat pat sat tat that tsat tshat at au au bau gau hau kau khau lau mau nau ngau pau phau sau tau thau tsau tshau au auh kauh lauh mauh nauh phauh tauh tshauh auh e e be ge he ke khe le me ne nge pe phe se te the tse tshe e eh eh beh heh keh kheh leh meh neh ngeh peh seh teh theh tseh tsheh eh enn enn henn kenn khenn penn phenn senn tenn thenn tsenn tshenn enn ennh hennh khennh ennh i i bi gi hi ji ki khi li mi ni pi phi si ti thi tsi tshi i ia ia gia hia jia kia khia mia nia ngia sia tia tsia tshia ia iah iah giah hiah kiah khiah liah piah phiah siah tiah thiah tsiah tshiah iah iak khiak piak phiak siak tiak tshiak iak iam iam giam hiam jiam kiam khiam liam siam tiam thiam tsiam tshiam iam ian ian bian gian hian jian kian khian lian pian phian sian tian thian tsian tshian ian iang iang giang hiang jiang khiang liang piang phiang siang tsiang tshiang iang iann iann hiann kiann piann siann tiann thiann tsiann tshiann iann iannh hiannh iannh iap iap giap hiap jiap kiap khiap liap siap tiap thiap tsiap tshiap iap iat iat biat giat hiat jiat kiat khiat liat piat phiat siat tiat thiat tsiat tshiat iat iau iau biau giau hiau jiau kiau khiau liau miau niau ngiau piau phiau siau tiau thiau tsiau tshiau iau iauh hiauh khiauh ngiauh iauh iaunn iaunn iaunn ih bih khih mih nih pih phih sih tih thih tsih tshih ih ik ik bik gik hik kik lik pik phik sik tik thik tsik tshik ik im im gim him jim kim khim lim sim tim thim tsim tshim im in in bin gin hin jin kin khin lin pin phin sin tin thin tsin tshin in ing ing bing ging hing king khing ling ping phing sing ting thing tsing tshing ing inn inn hinn kinn khinn sinn tinn thinn tsinn tshinn inn io io bio gio hio jio kio khio lio pio phio sio tio thio tsio tshio io ioh ioh gioh hioh kioh khioh lioh sioh tioh tsioh tshioh ioh iok iok giok hiok jiok kiok khiok liok siok tiok thiok tsiok tshiok iok iong iong giong hiong jiong kiong khiong liong siong tiong thiong tsiong tshiong iong ip ip hip jip kip khip lip sip tsip tship ip it it bit hit jit kit khit pit phit sit tit tsit tshit it iu iu biu giu hiu jiu kiu khiu liu niu piu siu tiu thiu tsiu tshiu iu iunn iunn hiunn kiunn khiunn siunn tiunn tsiunn tshiunn iunn iunnh iunnh hiunnh iunnh m m hm m mh hmh mh ng ng hng kng khng mng nng png sng tng thng tsng tshng ng ngh hngh phngh sngh tshngh ngh o o bo go ho ko kho lo po pho so to tho tso tsho o oh oh hoh koh loh poh phoh soh toh thoh tsoh tshoh oh ok ok bok gok hok kok khok lok pok phok sok tok thok tsok tshok ok om om som tom om ong ong bong gong hong kong khong long pong phong song tong thong tsong tshong ong onn onn honn konn onn onnh onnh honnh onnh oo oo boo goo hoo koo khoo loo moo noo ngoo poo phoo soo too thoo tsoo tshoo oo ooh mooh ooh u u bu gu hu ju ku khu lu pu phu su tu thu tsu tshu u ua ua bua gua hua kua khua lua mua nua pua phua sua tua thua tsua tshua ua uah uah buah huah juah kuah khuah luah puah phuah suah thuah tsuah tshuah uah uai uai huai kuai khuai suai uai uainn uainn huainn kuainn suainn tsuainn uainn uan uan buan guan huan kuan khuan luan puan phuan suan tuan thuan tsuan tshuan uan uang uang tshuang uang uann uann huann kuann khuann puann phuann suann tuann thuann tshuann uann uat uat buat guat huat kuat khuat luat puat phuat suat tuat thuat tsuat uat ue ue bue gue hue jue kue khue lue pue phue sue tue tsue tshue ue ueh ueh bueh gueh hueh kueh khueh pueh phueh sueh ueh uh uh khuh puh phuh tuh thuh tsuh tshuh uh ui ui bui gui hui kui khui lui mui pui phui sui tui thui tsui tshui ui un un bun gun hun jun kun khun lun pun phun sun tun thun tsun tshun un ut ut but hut kut khut lut put phut sut tut thut tsut tshut ut Ø b g h j k kh l m n ng p ph s t th ts tsh

Computing

The IETF language tags register nan-Latn-tailo for Tâi-lô text.^[3]

Unicode codepoints

The following are tone characters and their respective Unicode codepoints used in Tâi-lô. The tones used by Tâi-lô should use Combining Diacritical Marks instead of Spacing Modifier Letters used by bopomofo.^[4][5] As Tâi-lô is not encoded in Big5, the prevalent encoding used in Traditional Chinese, some Taiwanese Romanization System letters are not directly encoded in Unicode, instead should be typed using combining diacritical marks officially.^[6]

Tâi-lô tone characters^[1]

Base letter/Tone 1		Tone 2	Tone 3	Tone 4	Tone 5	Tone 6	Tone 7	Tone 8	Tone 9
Combining mark		́ (U+0301)	̀ (U+0300)	h	̂ (U+0302)	̌ (U+030C)	̄ (U+0304)	̍h (U+030D)	̋ (U+030B)
Uppercase	A	Á (U+00C1)	À (U+00C0)	AH	Â (U+00C2)	Ǎ (U+01CD)	Ā (U+0100)	A̍H (U+0041 U+030D)	A̋ (U+0041 U+030B)
	E	É (U+00C9)	È (U+00C8)	EH	Ê (U+00CA)	Ě (U+011A)	Ē (U+0112)	E̍H (U+0045 U+030D)	E̋ (U+0045 U+030B)
	I	Í (U+00CD)	Ì (U+00CC)	IH	Î (U+00CE)	Ǐ (U+01CF)	Ī (U+012A)	I̍H (U+0049 U+030D)	I̋ (U+0049 U+030B)
	O	Ó (U+00D3)	Ò (U+00D2)	OH	Ô (U+00D4)	Ǒ (U+01D1)	Ō (U+014C)	O̍H (U+004F U+030D)	Ő (U+0150)
	U	Ú (U+00DA)	Ù (U+00D9)	UH	Û (U+00DB)	Ǔ (U+01D3)	Ū (U+016A)	U̍H (U+0055 U+030D)	Ű (U+0170)
	M	Ḿ (U+1E3E)	M̀ (U+004D U+0300)	MH	M̂ (U+004D U+0302)	M̌ (U+004D U+030C)	M̄ (U+004D U+0304)	M̍H (U+004D U+030D)	M̋ (U+004D U+030B)
	N	Ń (U+0143)	Ǹ (U+01F8)	NH	N̂ (U+004E U+0302)	Ň (U+0147)	N̄ (U+004E U+0304)	N̍H (U+004E U+030D)	N̋ (U+004E U+030B)
Lowercase	a	á (U+00E1)	à (U+00E0)	ah	â (U+00E2)	ǎ (U+01CE)	ā (U+0101)	a̍h (U+0061 U+030D)	a̋ (U+0061 U+030B)
	e	é (U+00E9)	è (U+00E8)	eh	ê (U+00EA)	ě (U+011B)	ē (U+0113)	e̍h (U+0065 U+030D)	e̋ (U+0065 U+030B)
	i	í (U+00ED)	ì (U+00EC)	ih	î (U+00EE)	ǐ (U+01D0)	ī (U+012B)	i̍h (U+0069 U+030D)	i̋ (U+0069 U+030B)
	o	ó (U+00F3)	ò (U+00F2)	oh	ô (U+00F4)	ǒ (U+01D2)	ō (U+014D)	o̍h (U+006F U+030D)	ő (U+0151)
	u	ú (U+00FA)	ù (U+00F9)	uh	û (U+00FB)	ǔ (U+01D4)	ū (U+016B)	u̍h (U+0075 U+030D)	ű (U+0171)
	m	ḿ (U+1E3F)	m̀ (U+006D U+0300)	mh	m̂ (U+006D U+0302)	m̌ (U+006D U+030C)	m̄ (U+006D U+0304)	m̍h (U+006D U+030D)	m̋ (U+006D U+030B)
	n	ń (U+0144)	ǹ (U+01F9)	nh	n̂ (U+006E U+0302)	ň (U+0148)	n̄ (U+006E U+0304)	n̍h (U+006E U+030D)	n̋ (U+006E U+030B)
Notes 1.^ Yellow cells indicate that there are no single Unicode character for that letter; the character shown here uses Combining Diacritical Mark characters to display the letter.[5]

Characters not directly encoded in Unicode requires premade glyphs in fonts in order for applications to correctly display the characters.^[5]

Font support

Fonts that currently support POJ includes:

• Charis SIL
• DejaVu
• Doulos SIL
• Linux Libertine
• Taigi Unicode
• Source Sans Pro^[7][8][9]
• I.Ming (8.00 onwards) from Ichiten Font Project
• Fonts made by justfont foundry^[5]
• Fonts modified and release in GitHub repository POJFonts : POJ Phiaute, Gochi Hand POJ, Nunito POJ, POJ Vibes, and POJ Garamond.
• Fonts modified and released by But Ko based on Source Han Sans: Genyog, Genseki, Gensen ; based on Source Han Serif: Genyo, Genwan, Genryu.

Notes

1. In version of Ngoo Siu-le [zh], /ɘe/ [ere] is spelled as [oe] while the Phonetic Symbol "ㄜ" is replaced with "".

Words in native languages

1. • Traditional Chinese script: 臺灣台語羅馬字拼音方案
   • Mandarin Pinyin: Táiwān Táiyǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn
   • Hokkien: Tâi-uân Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn

References

1. "Táiwān Táiyǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn" 臺灣台語羅馬字拼音方案 [Taiwan Taiwanese Romanization Scheme] (PDF) (in Traditional Chinese). 2024-08-26 [2006-10-14]. Retrieved 2024-09-19.
2. Táiwān Táiyǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn Shǐyòng Shǒucè 臺灣台語羅馬字拼音方案使用手冊 [User Manual for the Taiwan Taiwanese Romanization Scheme] (PDF) (in Traditional Chinese). Ministry of Education (Taiwan). August 2024. Retrieved 2024-09-19.
3. "Language Subtag Registry". Internet Enginnering Task Force. 2024-05-16. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
4. aiongg (2020-11-22). "aiongg/POJFonts". GitHub - POJ Fonts. Archived from the original on 2021-04-12. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
5. Tseng Gorong (2019-01-11). "談金萱的台羅變音符號設計". justfont blog (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Archived from the original on 2021-04-12. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
6. "FAQ - Characters and Combining Marks". unicode.org. Archived from the original on 2021-04-12. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
7. Iûⁿ (2009), p. 24
8. "Fonts version 3.006 (OTF, TTF, WOFF, WOFF2, Variable)". GitHub. Adobe Systems Incorporated. 2010-09-06. Archived from the original on 2020-12-24. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
9. Iûⁿ, Ún-giân (2009). Processing Techniques for Written Taiwanese – Tone Sandhi and POS Tagging (PhD). National Taiwan University. p. 20. OCLC 367595113.

External links

• 臺灣閩南語羅馬拼音及其發音學習網 (in Chinese) (Archived 2021-08-08 at the Wayback Machine), Taiwanese Romanization System (Tai-lo) learning site by the Ministry of Education of Taiwan