Starke County, Indiana

Starke County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States Census, its population was 23,371.^[1] The county seat is Knox.^[2]

Starke County
County
Starke County courthouse in Knox
Flag
Location within the U.S. state of Indiana
Indiana's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 41°16′N 86°39′W
Country	United States
State	Indiana
Founded	February 7, 1835 (authorized) 1850 (organized)
Named for	General John Stark
Seat	Knox
Largest city	Knox
Area
• Total	312.21 sq mi (808.6 km2)
• Land	309.13 sq mi (800.6 km2)
• Water	3.07 sq mi (8.0 km2)  0.98%
Population  (2020)
• Total	23,371
• Estimate  (2023)	23,206
• Density	75/sq mi (29/km2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district	2nd
Website	www.co.starke.in.us
Indiana county number 75

History

The Indiana State Legislature passed an omnibus county bill^[3] on February 7, 1835, that authorized the creation of 13 counties in northeast Indiana, including Starke.^[4] The county government organization commenced in 1850.^[5] It was named for Gen. John Stark,^[6] who commanded New Hampshire troops at the Battle of Bunker Hill in 1775 in the American Revolutionary War, and who defeated the British at the Battle of Bennington in 1777.^[7]

Before white settlement, all of the land that forms modern-day Starke County and adjacent LaPorte County to the north was inhabited by the Potawatami Indian nation. These groups were forcibly removed to Kansas by the United States government in 1838, and many died on what has been called the Potawatomi Trail of Death.^[8][9]

When Starke County was created, it included the present LaPorte County townships of Cass, Dewey, Hanna, and Prairie. Residents in this area had to travel some distance east to Lemon's Bridge to cross the Kankakee River to travel south to the center of the county, the future site of the county seat at Knox. Therefore, because they were effectively isolated from the rest of Starke County, residents north of the river petitioned to be annexed to LaPorte county and this was done on January 28, 1842.^[10]

Name

Despite being named for General John Stark and originally being known and appearing on maps as Stark County^[11] when initially created and organized, an e was added to the county's name fairly early in its history. No solid evidence has been found to clearly explain this alteration. Three possible explanations have been advanced - an early scribe had "fancy lettering", including a k with a long tail or flourish that appeared to others as ke, with the new spelling sticking;^[12] General Stark himself may have used a similar flourish at the end of his signature;^[13] which became a point of confusion to Indiana officials (unlikely, since Stark County, Ohio (1808) and Illinois (1839) both preceded Starke County, Indiana, not to mention numerous other smaller midwestern toponyms spelled "Stark"); or an Indianapolis official's clerical error around 1860.^[14]

Geography

Starke County consists of low, rolling hills covered with vegetation or brush.^[15] Its boundaries include three prominences that rise to 780 ft (240 m) above sea level - two adjacent swells 0.6 miles (0.97 km) northeast of Bass Lake, and a small ridge 3.0 miles (4.8 km) east-southeast of Bass Lake.^[16]

According to the 2010 census, Starke County has a total area of 312.21 square miles (808.6 km²), of which 3.07 square miles (8.0 km²) (or 0.98%) are covered by water.^[17] The northwestern boundary of Starke County is defined by the Kankakee River; the Yellow River, a tributary of the Kankakee, flows through the central part of the county, past Knox.^[18]

From 2014 until 2024, the city of Knox was the geographic center of the Big Ten Conference, according to a 2018 article in fivethirtyeight.com that referred to locations of various NCAA Men's Basketball Conference championships.^[19]

Major highways

• U.S. Route 30
• U.S. Route 35
• U.S. Route 421
• State Road 8
• State Road 10
• State Road 23
• State Road 39

Adjacent counties

• LaPorte County - north
• St. Joseph County - northeast
• Marshall County - east
• Fulton County - southeast
• Pulaski County - south
• Jasper County - west
• Porter County - northwest

Municipalities

The municipalities in Starke County, and their populations as of the 2010 Census, are:

Cities and towns

• Hamlet – 800
• Knox – 3,704
• North Judson – 1,772

Census-designated places

• Bass Lake – 1,249
• Koontz Lake – 1,554
• San Pierre – 156

Unincorporated communities

• Aldine
• Bass Station
• Brems
• English Lake
• Grovertown
• Indian Hill
• Lena Park
• Lomax
• Oak Grove
• Ober
• Ora
• Toto
• Winona

Townships

The nine townships of Starke County, with their populations as of the 2010 Census, are:

• California – 2,011
• Center – 6,229
• Davis – 1,043
• Jackson – 549
• North Bend – 1,394
• Oregon – 3,367
• Railroad – 1,226
• Washington – 3,003
• Wayne – 4,541

Education

Public schools in Starke County are administered by four different districts:

• Culver Community Schools^[20]
• Knox Community School Corporation^[21]
• North Judson-San Pierre Schools^[22]
• Oregon-Davis School Corporation^[23]

Hospitals

• Northwest Health Starke

Climate and weather

Knox, Indiana
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     1.9     31 14     1.7     36 18     2.7     47 28     3.5     60 38     3.8     72 50     4.1     80 59     3.9     84 63     3.9     82 61     3.3     75 53     2.9     64 42     3.1     49 31     2.6     36 20 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches Source: The Weather Channel[24]
Metric conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     49     −1 −10     43     2 −8     70     8 −2     89     16 3     97     22 10     104     27 15     99     29 17     98     28 16     83     24 12     75     18 6     78     9 −1     66     2 −7 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm

In recent years, average temperatures in Knox have ranged from a low of 14 °F (−10 °C) in January to a high of 84 °F (29 °C) in July, although a record low of −29 °F (−34 °C) was recorded in January 1985 and a record high of 102 °F (39 °C) was recorded in June 1988. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.68 inches (43 mm) in February to 4.09 inches (104 mm) in June.^[24]

Government

See also: Government of Indiana

The county government is a constitutional body, granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana and the Indiana Code.

County Council: The county council is the legislative branch of the county government and controls spending and revenue collection in the county. Representatives are elected from county districts to four-year terms. They are responsible for setting salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes.^[25][26]

Board of Commissioners: The executive body of the county, the commissioners are elected county-wide to staggered four-year terms. One commissioner serves as president. The commissioners execute the acts legislated by the council, collect revenue, and manage the functions of the county government.^[25][26]

Court: The judge on the court is elected to a term of six years. The judge is assisted by a magistrate who is appointed by the judge. The court handles criminal and civil cases, and has a small-claims division. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to the state-level circuit court.^[26]

County officials: The county has other elected offices, including sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor, and circuit court clerk, elected to four-year terms. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare party affiliations and to be residents of the county.^[26]

Starke County is part of Indiana's 2nd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives and is currently represented by Rudy Yakym.^[27]

In presidential elections, Starke County was a bellwether county for a time, voting for the winner in every election from 1964 to 2008.

United States presidential election results for Starke County, Indiana^[28]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	7,466	72.42%	2,650	25.71%	193	1.87%
2016	6,367	68.34%	2,489	26.72%	460	4.94%
2012	4,738	54.03%	3,809	43.44%	222	2.53%
2008	4,473	47.19%	4,778	50.41%	228	2.41%
2004	4,846	54.22%	3,987	44.61%	104	1.16%
2000	4,349	49.98%	4,136	47.53%	216	2.48%
1996	3,108	38.13%	3,854	47.29%	1,188	14.58%
1992	3,100	35.40%	3,695	42.19%	1,963	22.41%
1988	4,458	51.80%	4,104	47.69%	44	0.51%
1984	5,104	57.42%	3,674	41.33%	111	1.25%
1980	5,035	55.27%	3,615	39.68%	460	5.05%
1976	4,354	47.12%	4,753	51.43%	134	1.45%
1972	5,520	64.43%	2,994	34.95%	53	0.62%
1968	4,011	47.95%	3,208	38.35%	1,146	13.70%
1964	3,466	41.65%	4,838	58.14%	17	0.20%
1960	4,592	53.28%	3,995	46.35%	32	0.37%
1956	5,063	59.94%	3,349	39.65%	35	0.41%
1952	4,871	59.43%	3,274	39.95%	51	0.62%
1948	3,518	50.55%	3,312	47.59%	130	1.87%
1944	3,574	55.71%	2,791	43.51%	50	0.78%
1940	3,473	54.16%	2,917	45.49%	22	0.34%
1936	2,846	47.18%	3,143	52.11%	43	0.71%
1932	2,449	40.75%	3,420	56.91%	141	2.35%
1928	2,759	57.32%	2,016	41.89%	38	0.79%
1924	2,329	53.00%	1,555	35.39%	510	11.61%
1920	2,683	62.92%	1,467	34.40%	114	2.67%
1916	1,550	52.21%	1,334	44.93%	85	2.86%
1912	787	28.11%	1,208	43.14%	805	28.75%
1908	1,521	52.18%	1,305	44.77%	89	3.05%
1904	1,523	54.47%	1,134	40.56%	139	4.97%
1900	1,340	49.56%	1,315	48.63%	49	1.81%
1896	1,289	51.01%	1,214	48.04%	24	0.95%
1892	850	44.34%	1,003	52.32%	64	3.34%
1888	834	47.23%	904	51.19%	28	1.59%

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1840	149		—
1850	557		273.8%
1860	2,195		294.1%
1870	3,888		77.1%
1880	5,105		31.3%
1890	7,339		43.8%
1900	10,431		42.1%
1910	10,567		1.3%
1920	10,278		−2.7%
1930	10,620		3.3%
1940	12,258		15.4%
1950	15,282		24.7%
1960	17,911		17.2%
1970	19,280		7.6%
1980	21,997		14.1%
1990	22,747		3.4%
2000	23,556		3.6%
2010	23,363		−0.8%
2020	23,371		0.0%
2023 (est.)	23,206	[29]	−0.7%
US Decennial Census[30] 1790-1960[31] 1900-1990[32] 1990-2000[33] 2010-2021[1]

As of the 2010 United States Census, 23,363 people, 9,038 households, and 6,484 families lived in the county.^[34] The population density was 75.6 inhabitants per square mile (29.2/km²). The 10,962 housing units had an average density of 35.5 per square mile (13.7/km²).^[17] The racial makeup of the county was 97.1% White, 0.3% American Indian, 0.3% Black or African American, 0.2% Asian, 0.9% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.3% of the population.^[34] In terms of ancestry, 27.2% were German, 16.3% were Irish, 8.9% were English, 8.7% were American, and 6.9% were Polish.^[35]

Of the 9,038 households, 32.7% had children under 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 28.3% were not families, and 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.58, and the average family size was 3.02. The median age was 40.4 years.^[34]

The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and for a family was $44,044. Males had a median income of $37,507 versus $28,628 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,991. About 12.9% of families and 15.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.1% of those under 18 and 7.0% of those 65 or over.^[36]

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Starke County, Indiana

References

1. "Starke County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
3. John W Tyndall & OE Lesh, Standard history of Adams and Wells Counties, Indiana. pp. 284-6 (accessed 9 August 2020)
4. The counties are Dekalb, Fulton, Jasper, Jay, Kosciusko, Marshall, Newton, Porter, Pulaski, Stark, Steuben, Wells, and Whitley. Newton County was merged with Jasper County in 1839, and was reauthorized as a separate county in 1859.
5. "Starke County Historical Society. Retrieved 1 January 2010". Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved January 1, 2010.
6. Baker, Ronald L.; Marvin Carmony (1995). Indiana Place Names. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 158. ISBN 0-253-28340-X.
7. De Witt Clinton Goodrich & Charles Richard Tuttle (1875). An Illustrated History of the State of Indiana. Indiana: R. S. Peale & Co. p. 577.
8. "Starke County Public Library factsheet" (PDF). scpl.lib.in.us. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 24, 2008.
9. "History of 1838 Trail of Death". potawatomi-tda.org.
10. Brief history of LaPorte county Archived 2008-05-17 at the Wayback Machine
11. "Stark County, Indiana, 1857". dickinson.edu. Archived from the original on July 9, 2012.
12. "Starke or Stark". www.starkehistory.com. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
13. "Starke County Indiana History and Pioneer Genealogy". Archived from the original on May 15, 2008. Retrieved January 16, 2009.
14. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 25, 2009. Retrieved January 16, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
15. Starke County IN (Google Maps - accessed 20 January 2020)
16. Starke County High Point, Indiana (PeakBagger.com, accessed 20 January 2020)
17. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
18. Indiana Atlas & Gazetteer. Yarmouth ME: DeLorme. 1998. pp. 19–20, 25–26. ISBN 0-89933-211-0.
19. https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-ridiculousness-of-conference-tournament-locations-in-6-maps/
20. "Culver Community Schools - Welcome!". culver.k12.in.us.
21. "Knox Community School Corporation". knox.k12.in.us.
22. "North Judson-San Pierre Schools".
23. "Oregon Davis". od.k12.in.us. Archived from the original on May 16, 2014. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
24. "Monthly Averages for Knox IN". The Weather Channel. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
25. Indiana Code. "Title 36, Article 2, Section 3". IN.gov. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
26. Indiana Code. "Title 2, Article 10, Section 2" (PDF). IN.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 27, 2004. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
27. "Rudy Yakym". Rudy Yakym. United States House of Representatives.
28. Leip, David. "Atlas of US Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
29. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 2, 2024.
30. "US Decennial Census". US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
31. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
32. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
33. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
34. "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
35. "Selected Social Characteristics in the US – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
36. "Selected Economic Characteristics – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.

External links

Media related to Starke County, Indiana at Wikimedia Commons