Soyuz-T

Third-generation of the Soyuz spacecraft From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Soyuz-T

The Soyuz-T (Russian: Союз-T, Union-T) spacecraft was the third generation Soyuz spacecraft, in service for seven years from 1979 to 1986. The T stood for transport (транспортный, Transportny). The revised spacecraft incorporated lessons learned from the Apollo Soyuz Test Project, Soyuz 7K-TM and Military Soyuz.

Quick Facts Manufacturer, Country of origin ...
Soyuz-T
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Soyuz-T spacecraft
ManufacturerKorolev
Country of originUSSR
OperatorSoviet space program
ApplicationsCarry three cosmonauts to Salyut and Mir space stations and back
Specifications
RegimeLow Earth orbit
Production
StatusOut of service
Launched18
Maiden launch4 April 1978
Kosmos 1001
Last launch16 March 1986
Soyuz T-15
Related spacecraft
Derived fromSoyuz 7K-TM
Soyuz 7K-T
Soyuz 7K-S
DerivativesSoyuz-TM
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The Soyuz-T was a major upgrade over previous Soyuz spacecraft, sporting solid-state electronics for the first time and a much more advanced onboard computer to help overcome the chronic docking problems that affected cosmonauts during space station missions. In addition, solar panels returned, allowing the Soyuz-T to fly up to 11 days independently as well as a redesigned propulsion system, the KTDU-426. Finally, it could carry three cosmonauts with pressure suits.

Missions

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Perspective

Between 1979 and 1986, a total of 18 Soyuz T spacecraft were launched into LEO, 13 of which carried cosmonauts to and from the space stations Salyut 6, Salyut 7, and Mir.[1]

More information Mission, Crew ...
MissionCrewLaunchLandingDurationNotes
Kosmos 1001None4 Apr 197815 Apr 197811 days[2]
Kosmos 1074None31 Jan 19791 Apr 197960 daysLast Soyuz spacecraft with a Kosmos designation[2]
Soyuz T-1None16 Dec 197925 Mar 1980100 daysUncrewed test flight to Salyut 6[2]
Soyuz T-2Salyut 6 EP-6:
Soviet Union Yury Malyshev
Soviet Union Vladimir Aksyonov
5 Jun 19809 Jun 19804 daysCrewed test flight[3]
Soyuz T-3Salyut 6 EO-5:
Soviet Union Leonid Kizim
Soviet Union Oleg Makarov
Soviet Union Gennady Strekalov
27 Nov 198010 Dec 198013 daysFirst Soyuz mission with a three cosmonaut crew since the fatal flight of Soyuz 11[4]
Soyuz T-4Salyut 6 EO-6:
Soviet Union Vladimir Kovalyonok
Soviet Union Viktor Savinykh
12 Mar 198126 May 198175 days[5]
Soyuz T-5Salyut 7 EO-1:
Soviet Union Anatoli Berezovoy
Soviet Union Valentin Lebedev
13 May 198227 Aug 1982106 daysBoth Berezovoy and Lebedev returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-7 after 211 days in space[6]
Soyuz T-6Salyut 7 EP-1:
Soviet Union Vladimir Dzhanibekov
Soviet Union Aleksandr Ivanchenkov
France Jean-Loup Chrétien
24 Jun 19822 Jul 19828 daysChrétien becomes the first French citizen in space[7]
Soyuz T-7Salyut 7 EP-2:
Soviet Union Leonid Popov
Soviet Union Aleksandr Serebrov
Soviet Union Svetlana Savitskaya
19 Aug 198210 Dec 1982113 daysSavitskaya becomes the second woman in space after Valentina Tereshkova in 1963. All cosmonauts returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-5 after 8 days in space[8]
Soyuz T-8Soviet Union Vladimir Titov
Soviet Union Gennady Strekalov
Soviet Union Aleksandr Serebrov
20 Apr 198322 Apr 19832 daysFailed to reach Salyut 7 after its Igla docking system was damaged during launch[9]
Soyuz T-9Salyut 7 EO-2:
Soviet Union Vladimir Lyakhov
Soviet Union Aleksandr Aleksandrov
27 Jun 198323 Nov 1983149 days[10]
Soyuz T-10-1Soviet Union Vladimir Titov
Soviet Union Gennadi Strekalov
26 Sept 19835 minutes and 13 secondsFailed to reach Salyut 7 after its carrier rocket caught fire and exploded, thus activating its launch escape system[11]
Soyuz T-10Salyut 7 EO-3:
Soviet Union Leonid Kizim
Soviet Union Vladimir Solovyov
Soviet Union Oleg Atkov
8 Feb 198411 Apr 198463 daysAll cosmonauts returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-11 after 237 days in space[12]
Soyuz T-11Salyut 7 EP-3:
Soviet Union Yuri Malyshev
Soviet Union Gennady Strekalov
India Rakesh Sharma
3 Apr 19842 Oct 1984182 daysSharma becomes first Indian citizen in space. All cosmonauts returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-10 after 8 days in space[13]
Soyuz T-12Salyut 7 EP-4:
Soviet Union Vladimir Dzhanibekov
Soviet Union Svetlana Savitskaya
Soviet Union Igor Volk
17 Jul 198429 Jul 198412 days[14]
Soyuz T-13Salyut 7 EO-4a:
Soviet Union Vladimir Dzhanibekov
Soviet Union Viktor Savinykh
6 Jun 198526 Sept 1985112 daysRepaired the crippled station during their stay. Savinykh returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-14 after 168 days in space[15]
Soyuz T-14Salyut 7 EO-4b:
Soviet Union Vladimir Vasyutin
Soviet Union Alexander Volkov
Salyut 7 EP-5:
Soviet Union Georgi Grechko
17 Sept 198521 Nov 198565 daysGrechko returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-13 after 9 days in space. Mission ended prematurely after Vasyutin fell ill aboard the station[16]
Soyuz T-15Salyut 7 EO-5 / Mir EO-1:
Soviet Union Leonid Kizim
Soviet Union Vladimir Solovyov
13 Mar 198616 Jul 1986125 daysVisited both Salyut 7 and Mir, the only crewed spaceflight to visit two space stations simultaneously[17]
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