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20th-century partial solar eclipse From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Sunday, June 30, 1935,[1] with a magnitude of 0.3375. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.
This was the third of five solar eclipses in 1935, with the others occurring on January 5, February 3, July 30, and December 25. The next time this will occur is 2206.
A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Northern Europe, the northern Soviet Union, and Greenland.
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[2]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1935 June 30 at 18:34:28.3 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1935 June 30 at 19:35:14.1 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1935 June 30 at 19:44:50.9 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1935 June 30 at 19:59:46.1 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1935 June 30 at 21:25:19.1 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 0.33754 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 0.22087 |
| Gamma | 1.36229 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 06h35m11.8s |
| Sun Declination | +23°12'07.1" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'43.8" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.6" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 06h36m03.6s |
| Moon Declination | +24°26'55.7" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 15'11.3" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°55'44.6" |
| ΔT | 23.8 s |
This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.
| June 30 Descending node (new moon) | July 16 Ascending node (full moon) | July 30 Descending node (new moon) |
|---|---|---|
|  |  |
| Partial solar eclipse Solar Saros 116 | Total lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 128 | Partial solar eclipse Solar Saros 154 |
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[3]
The partial solar eclipses on February 3, 1935 and July 30, 1935 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1935 to 1938 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 111 | January 5, 1935 Partial |
−1.5381 | 116 | June 30, 1935 Partial |
1.3623 | |
| 121 | December 25, 1935 Annular |
−0.9228 | 126 | June 19, 1936 Total |
0.5389 | |
| 131 | December 13, 1936 Annular |
−0.2493 | 136 Totality in Kanton Island, Kiribati |
June 8, 1937 Total |
−0.2253 | |
| 141 | December 2, 1937 Annular |
0.4389 | 146 | May 29, 1938 Total |
−0.9607 | |
| 151 | November 21, 1938 Partial |
1.1077 | ||||
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 116, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on June 23, 727 AD. It contains annular eclipses from October 10, 907 AD through May 6, 1845. There are no hybrid or total eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on July 22, 1971. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 51 at 12 minutes, 2 seconds on December 25, 1628. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[4]
| Series members 61–70 occur between 1801 and 1971: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 61 | 62 | 63 |
 April 14, 1809 |
 April 26, 1827 |
 May 6, 1845 |
| 64 | 65 | 66 |
 May 17, 1863 |
 May 27, 1881 |
 June 8, 1899 |
| 67 | 68 | 69 |
 June 19, 1917 |
June 30, 1935 |
 July 11, 1953 |
| 70 | ||
 July 22, 1971 | ||
The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.
| 22 eclipse events between September 12, 1931 and July 1, 2011 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 11–12 | June 30–July 1 | April 17–19 | February 4–5 | November 22–23 |
| 114 | 116 | 118 | 120 | 122 |
 September 12, 1931 |
June 30, 1935 |
 April 19, 1939 |
 February 4, 1943 |
 November 23, 1946 |
| 124 | 126 | 128 | 130 | 132 |
 September 12, 1950 |
 June 30, 1954 |
 April 19, 1958 |
 February 5, 1962 |
 November 23, 1965 |
| 134 | 136 | 138 | 140 | 142 |
 September 11, 1969 |
 June 30, 1973 |
 April 18, 1977 |
 February 4, 1981 |
 November 22, 1984 |
| 144 | 146 | 148 | 150 | 152 |
 September 11, 1988 |
 June 30, 1992 |
 April 17, 1996 |
 February 5, 2000 |
 November 23, 2003 |
| 154 | 156 | |||
 September 11, 2007 |
 July 1, 2011 | |||
This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1837 and 2200 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 April 5, 1837 (Saros 107) |
 March 5, 1848 (Saros 108) |
 February 3, 1859 (Saros 109) |
 December 2, 1880 (Saros 111) | |
 August 31, 1913 (Saros 114) |
 July 31, 1924 (Saros 115) |
June 30, 1935 (Saros 116) | ||
 May 30, 1946 (Saros 117) |
 April 30, 1957 (Saros 118) |
 March 28, 1968 (Saros 119) |
 February 26, 1979 (Saros 120) |
 January 26, 1990 (Saros 121) |
 December 25, 2000 (Saros 122) |
 November 25, 2011 (Saros 123) |
 October 25, 2022 (Saros 124) |
 September 23, 2033 (Saros 125) |
 August 23, 2044 (Saros 126) |
 July 24, 2055 (Saros 127) |
 June 22, 2066 (Saros 128) |
 May 22, 2077 (Saros 129) |
 April 21, 2088 (Saros 130) |
 March 21, 2099 (Saros 131) |
 February 18, 2110 (Saros 132) |
 January 19, 2121 (Saros 133) |
 December 19, 2131 (Saros 134) |
 November 17, 2142 (Saros 135) |
 October 17, 2153 (Saros 136) |
 September 16, 2164 (Saros 137) |
 August 16, 2175 (Saros 138) |
 July 16, 2186 (Saros 139) |
 June 15, 2197 (Saros 140) | |
This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||
|---|---|---|
 September 19, 1819 (Saros 112) |
 August 28, 1848 (Saros 113) |
 August 9, 1877 (Saros 114) |
 July 21, 1906 (Saros 115) |
June 30, 1935 (Saros 116) |
 June 10, 1964 (Saros 117) |
 May 21, 1993 (Saros 118) |
 April 30, 2022 (Saros 119) |
 April 11, 2051 (Saros 120) |
 March 21, 2080 (Saros 121) |
 March 1, 2109 (Saros 122) |
 February 9, 2138 (Saros 123) |
 January 21, 2167 (Saros 124) |
 December 31, 2195 (Saros 125) |
|
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