The rodent subfamily Sigmodontinae includes New World rats and mice, with at least 376 species. Many authorities include the Neotominae and Tylomyinae as part of a larger definition of Sigmodontinae. When those genera are included, the species count numbers at least 508. Their distribution includes much of the New World, but the genera are predominantly South American, such as brucies. They invaded South America from Central America as part of the Great American Interchange near the end of the Miocene, about 5 million years ago.[1] Sigmodontines proceeded to diversify explosively in the formerly isolated continent. They inhabit many of the same ecological niches that the Murinae occupy in the Old World.
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The "Thomasomyini" from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil are generally thought to be not especially related to the "real" Thomasomyini from the northern Andes and the Amazon rainforest. The genera Wiedomys and Sigmodon are generally placed in their own tribe, and the "phyllotines" Irenomys, Punomys, Euneomys, and Reithrodon are considered incertae sedis.
The name "Sigmodontinae" is based on the name of the type genus, Sigmodon. This name in turn derives from the Greek roots for "S-tooth" (sigm- for "S" and odont- for "tooth", as in orthodontist) for the characteristic of the molars having an S-shape when viewed from above.
The Sigmodontinae are divided into a number of tribes and genera:
- Sigmodontalia
- Tribe Sigmodontini
- Genus †Prosigmodon
- Prosigmodon chihuahuensis
- Prosigmodon ferrusquiai
- Prosigmodon holocuspis
- Prosigmodon oroscoi
- Prosigmodon tecolotum
- Genus Sigmodon - cotton rats
- Subgenus Sigmodon
- Sigmodon hispidus species group
- Sigmodon fulviventer species group
- Subgenus Sigmomys
- Tribe Ichthyomyini - fish- and crab-eating rats & water mice[2]
- Oryzomyalia
- Tribe Oryzomyini - rice rats, marsh rats, bristly mice, cane mice
- Genus Aegialomys
- Genus Amphinectomys - Ucayali water rat
- Genus Cerradomys
- Genus Drymoreomys
- Genus Eremoryzomys
- Genus Euryoryzomys
- Genus Handleyomys
- Genus Holochilus - marsh rats
- Genus Hylaeamys
- Genus Lundomys - Lund's amphibious rat
- Genus Megalomys † - giant rice rats
- Genus Melanomys - dark rice rats
- Genus Microakodontomys - Brasilia's mouse
- Genus Microryzomys - small rice rats
- Genus Mindomys
- Genus Neacomys - bristly mice
- Genus Nectomys - water rats
- Genus Nephelomys
- Genus Nesoryzomys - Galapagos mice
- Genus Noronhomys - Vespucci's rodent †
- Genus Oecomys - Arboreal rice rats
- North Amazonian arboreal rice rat, Oecomys auyantepui
- Bicolored arboreal rice rat, Oecomys bicolor
- Atlantic Forest oecomys, Oecomys catherinae
- Cleber's arboreal rice rat, Oecomys cleberi
- Unicolored rice rat, Oecomys concolor
- Yellow arboreal rice rat, Oecomys flavicans
- Mamore arboreal rice rat, Oecomys mamorae
- Brazilian arboreal rice rat, Oecomys paricola
- Dusky arboreal rice rat, Oecomys phaeotis
- King arboreal rice rat, Oecomys rex
- Robert's arboreal rice rat, Oecomys roberti
- Red arboreal rice rat, Oecomys rutilus
- Venezuelan arboreal rice rat, Oecomys speciosus
- Foothill arboreal rice rat, Oecomys superans
- Oecomys sydandersoni
- Long-furred rice rat, Oecomys trinitatis
- Genus Oligoryzomys - pygmy rice rats
- Andean pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys andinus
- Sandy pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys arenalis
- Brenda's colilargo, Oligoryzomys brendae
- Chacoan pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys chacoensis
- Destructive pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys destructor
- Yellow pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys flavescens
- Fornes' colilargo, Oligoryzomys fornesi
- Fulvous pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys fulvescens
- Grayish pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys griseolus
- Long-tailed pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus
- Magellanic pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys magellanicus
- Small-eared pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys microtis
- Oligoryzomys moojeni
- Black-footed pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys nigripes
- Oligoryzomys rupestris
- Straw-colored pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys stramineus
- Sprightly pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys vegetus
- St. Vincent pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys victus †
- Genus Oreoryzomys
- Genus Oryzomys - rice rats
- Genus Pseudoryzomys - false rice rats
- Genus Scolomys- New World spiny mice
- Genus Sigmodontomys - rice water rats
- Genus Sooretamys
- Genus Tanyuromys[3]
- Genus Transandinomys
- Genus Zygodontomys - cane mice
- Tribe Thomasomyini
- Genus Abrawayaomys - Ruschi's rat
- Genus Aepeomys - montane mice
- Genus Chilomys - Columbian forest mouse
- Genus Delomys - Atlantic Forest rats
- Genus Phaenomys - Rio de Janeiro arboreal rat
- Genus Rhagomys - arboreal mice
- Genus Rhipidomys - climbing mice
- Southern climbing mouse, Rhipidomys austrinus
- Cariri climbing mouse, Rhipidomys cariri
- Cauca climbing mouse, Rhipidomys caucensis
- Coues's climbing mouse, Rhipidomys couesi
- Eastern Amazon climbing mouse, Rhipidomys emiliae
- Buff-bellied climbing mouse, Rhipidomys fulviventer
- Gardner's climbing mouse, Rhipidomys gardneri
- Broad-footed climbing mouse, Rhipidomys latimanus
- White-footed climbing mouse, Rhipidomys leucodactylus
- MacConnell's climbing mouse, Rhipidomys macconnelli
- Cerrado climbing mouse, Rhipidomys macrurus
- Atlantic Forest climbing mouse, Rhipidomys mastacalis
- Peruvian climbing mouse, Rhipidomys modicus
- Splendid climbing mouse, Rhipidomys nitela
- Yellow-bellied climbing mouse, Rhipidomys ochrogaster
- Venezuelan climbing mouse, Rhipidomys venezuelae
- Charming climbing mouse, Rhipidomys venustus
- Wetzel's climbing mouse, Rhipidomys wetzeli
- Genus Thomasomys - Oldfield mice
- Anderson's Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys andersoni
- Apeco Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys apeco
- Golden Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys aureus
- Beady-eyed mouse, Thomasomys baeops
- Silky Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys bombycinus
- White-tipped Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys caudivarius
- Ashy-bellied Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys cinereiventer
- Ash-colored Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys cinereus
- Cinnamon-colored Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys cinnameus
- Daphne's Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys daphne
- Peruvian Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys eleusis
- Wandering Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys erro
- Slender Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys gracilis
- Hudson's Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys hudsoni
- Woodland Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys hylophilus
- Inca Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys incanus
- Strong-tailed Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys ischyrus
- Kalinowski's Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys kalinowskii
- Ladew's Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys ladewi
- Soft-furred Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys laniger**
- Large-eared Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys macrotis
- Unicolored Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys monochromos
- Snow-footed Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys niveipes
- Distinguished Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys notatus
- Ashaninka Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys onkiro
- Montane Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys oreas
- Paramo Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys paramorum
- Popayán Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys popayanus
- Cajamarca Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys praetor
- Thomas's Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys pyrrhonotus
- Rhoads's Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys rhoadsi
- Rosalinda's Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys rosalinda
- Forest Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys silvestris
- Taczanowski's Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys taczanowskii
- Ucucha Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys ucucha
- Dressy Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys vestitus
- Pichincha Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys vulcani
- Genus Wilfredomys - Wilfred's mice
- Tribe Wiedomyini
- Genus Cholomys †
- Genus Wiedomys - red-nosed mouse
- Tribe Abrotrichini
- Tribe Akodontini
- Genus Akodon - South American grass mice
- Highland grass mouse, Akodon aerosus
- Colombian grass mouse, Akodon affinis
- White-bellied grass mouse, Akodon albiventer
- Azara's grass mouse, Akodon azarae
- Bolivian grass mouse, Akodon boliviensis
- Budin's grass mouse, Akodon budini
- Akodon caenosus
- Cursor grass mouse, Akodon cursor
- Day's grass mouse, Akodon dayi
- Dolorous grass mouse, Akodon dolores
- Smoky grass mouse, Akodon fumeus
- Akodon glaucinus
- Intelligent grass mouse, Akodon iniscatus
- Junín grass mouse, Akodon juninensis
- Koford's grass mouse, Akodon kofordi
- Lindbergh's grass mouse, Akodon lindberghi
- Altiplano grass mouse, Akodon lutescens
- Thespian grass mouse, Akodon mimus
- Molina's grass mouse, Akodon molinae
- Soft grass mouse, Akodon mollis
- Montane grass mouse, Akodon montensis
- Caparaó grass mouse, Akodon mystax
- Neuquén grass mouse, Akodon neocenus
- El Dorado grass mouse, Akodon orophilus
- Paraná grass mouse, Akodon paranaensis
- Tarija akodont, Akodon pervalens
- Philip Myers's akodont, Akodon philipmyersi
- Akodon polopi
- Reig's grass mouse, Akodon reigi
- São Paulo grass mouse, Akodon sanctipaulensis
- Serra do Mar grass mouse, Akodon serrensis
- Cochabamba grass mouse, Akodon siberiae
- White-throated grass mouse, Akodon simulator
- Spegazzini's grass mouse, Akodon spegazzinii
- Puno grass mouse, Akodon subfuscus
- Silent grass mouse, Akodon surdus
- Forest grass mouse, Akodon sylvanus
- Akodon tartareus
- Chaco grass mouse, Akodon toba
- Cloud forest grass mouse, Akodon torques
- Variable grass mouse, Akodon varius
- Genus Neomicroxus
- Genus Bibimys - crimson-nosed rats
- Genus Blarinomys - Brazilian shrew-mouse
- Genus Brucepattersonius
- Genus Deltamys - Kemp's grass mouse
- Genus Juscelinomys - burrowing mice
- Genus Kunsia - giant rats
- Genus Lenoxus - Andean rat
- Genus Necromys - bolo mice
- Genus Oxymycterus - hocicudos
- Argentine hocicudo, Oxymycterus akodontius
- Amazon hocicudo, Oxymycterus amazonicus
- Angular hocicudo, Oxymycterus angularis
- Caparao hocicudo, Oxymycterus caparaoe
- Atlantic Forest hocicudo, Oxymycterus dasytrichus
- Spy hocicudo, Oxymycterus delator
- Small hocicudo, Oxymycterus hiska
- Hispid hocicudo, Oxymycterus hispidus
- Quechuan hocicudo, Oxymycterus hucucha
- Incan hocicudo, Oxymycterus inca
- Cook's hocicudo, Oxymycterus josei
- Long-nosed hocicudo, Oxymycterus nasutus
- Paramo hocicudo, Oxymycterus paramensis
- Quaestor hocicudo, Oxymycterus quaestor
- Robert's hocicudo, Oxymycterus roberti
- Red hocicudo, Oxymycterus rufus
- Oxymycterus wayku
- Genus Podoxymys - Roraima mouse
- Genus Scapteromys - swamp rat
- Genus Thalpomys - cerrado mice
- Genus Thaptomys - ebony akodont
- Tribe Phyllotini
- Genus Andalgalomys - chaco mice
- Genus Andinomys - Andean mouse
- Genus Auliscomys - big-eared mice
- Genus Calassomys
- Genus Calomys - vesper mice
- Bolivian vesper mouse, Calomys boliviae
- Crafty vesper mouse, Calomys callidus
- Large vesper mouse, Calomys callosus
- Calomys cerqueirai
- Caatinga vesper mouse, Calomys expulsus
- Fecund vesper mouse, Calomys fecundus
- Hummelinck's vesper mouse, Calomys hummelincki
- Small vesper mouse, Calomys laucha
- Andean vesper mouse, Calomys lepidus
- Drylands vesper mouse, Calomys musculinus
- Peruvian vesper mouse, Calomys sorellus
- Delicate vesper mouse, Calomys tener
- Tocantins vesper mouse, Calomys tocantinsi
- Córdoba vesper mouse, Calomys venustus
- Genus Chinchillula - altiplano chinchilla mouse
- Genus Eligmodontia - silky desert mice
- Genus Euneomys - chinchilla mice
- Genus Galenomys - Garlepp's mouse
- Genus Graomys - leaf-eared mice
- Genus Ichthyurodon †
- Genus Irenomys - Chilean climbing mouse
- Genus Loxodontomys
- Genus Neotomys - Andean swamp rat
- Genus Olympicomys †
- Genus Phyllotis - leaf-eared mice
- Friendly leaf-eared mouse, Phyllotis amicus
- Andean leaf-eared mouse, Phyllotis andium
- Anita's leaf-eared mouse, Phyllotis anitae
- Buenos Aires leaf-eared mouse, Phyllotis bonariensis
- Capricorn leaf-eared mouse, Phyllotis caprinus
- Darwin's leaf-eared mouse, Phyllotis darwini
- Definitive leaf-eared mouse, Phyllotis definitus
- Haggard's leaf-eared mouse, Phyllotis haggardi
- Lima leaf-eared mouse, Phyllotis limatus
- Master leaf-eared mouse, Phyllotis magister
- Osgood's leaf-eared mouse, Phyllotis osgoodi
- Bunchgrass leaf-eared mouse, Phyllotis osilae
- Wolffsohn's leaf-eared mouse, Phyllotis wolffsohni
- Yellow-rumped leaf-eared mouse, Phyllotis xanthopygus
- Genus Punomys - puna mouse
- Genus Reithrodon - bunny rat
- Genus Salinomys
- Genus Tafimys †
- Genus Tapecomys - primordial tapecua
Incertae sedis
