Rochester (UK Parliament constituency)

Rochester was a parliamentary constituency in Kent. It returned two members of parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of England from 1295 to 1707, then to the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1708 to 1800, and finally to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until the 1885 general election, when its representation was reduced to one seat.

Rochester
Former borough constituency for the House of Commons
County	Kent
1295–1918
Seats	1295–1885: Two 1885–1918: One
Replaced by	Chatham Gillingham

In 1918, it was split between Chatham and Gillingham. The Chatham seat became Rochester and Chatham in 1950, and then Medway in 1983. When the boroughs of Rochester upon Medway and Gillingham merged to form the larger unitary Borough of Medway in 1998, the Parliamentary constituency of Medway only covered part of the new borough, so for the 2010 election it was renamed Rochester and Strood.

Members of Parliament

MPs 1295–1640

Parliament	First member	Second member
1386	John Fleming	Peter Pope[1]
1388 (Feb)	William Gillingham I	John Marchaunt I[1]
1388 (Sep)	Richard Crowborough	Thomas White[1]
1390 (Jan)	Richard Bolour	John Mateshale[1]
1390 (Nov)
1391	Thomas Dudmere	William Gillingham II[1]
1393	William Chylynden	William Osbourne[1]
1394
1395	Richard Broke	Thomas Taverner[1]
1397 (Jan)	John Plomer II	John Precy[1]
1397 (Sep)
1399	William Frere	John Precy[1]
1401	Richard Berde	Reynold Shrewsbury[1]
1402	Thomas Dudmere	Reynold Shrewsbury[1]
1404 (Jan)	Thomas Dunston	William Frere[1]
1404 (Oct)	Thomas Dudmere	Richard Lorkyn[1]
1406	Thomas Chertsey	Reynold Shrewsbury[1]
1407	John Everard I	John Bosom[1]
1410	John Alcate	Thomas Chertsey[1]
1411	John Everard I	Roger Landford[1]
1413 (Feb)
1413 (May)	John Deeping	Roger Landford[1]
1414 (Apr)
1414 (Nov)	John Deeping	Richard Lorkyn[1]
1415
1416 (Mar)	Robert Bury	John Potager[1]
1416 (Oct)
1417	Thomas Bolour	John Marchaunt III[1]
1419	William Hunt I	Robert Kela[1]
1420	John Draper	Thomas Turner[1]
1421 (May)
1421 (Dec)	John Deeping	John Marchaunt III[1]
1510–1523	No names known[2]
1529	Nicholas Hurleston, died and repl. by 1533 by Edmund Page	Robert Fisher[2]
1536	?
1539	?
1542	?
1545	Sir Thomas Moyle	William Roper[2]
1547	Sir Thomas Moyle	William Roper[2]
1553 (Mar)	Sir John Norton	Christopher Roper[2]
1553 (Oct)	Sir Thomas Moyle	Robert Darknall[2]
1554 (Apr)	Sir Thomas Moyle	William Roper[2]
1554 (Nov)	William Roper	Edward Baeshe[2]
1555	Sir George Howard	William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham[2]
1558	Hugh Cartwright	Thomas Page[2]
1559	Edward Baeshe	Thomas Brooke alias Cobham[3]
1562–3	Edward Baeshe	Richard Watts[3]
1571	William Holstock	George Catlyn[3]
1572	George Catelyn	William Partridge, sick and repl. 1579 by Samuel Coxe[3]
1584	William Brooke alias Cobham	George Byng[3]
1586	William Brooke alias Cobham	William Lewin[3]
1588	William Lewin	John Stanhope[3]
1593	William Lewin	George Chowne[3]
1597	Sir Edward Hoby	Sir Thomas Walsingham[3]
1601	Sir Edward Hoby	Sir Thomas Walsingham[3]
1604	Sir Edward Hoby	Sir Thomas Walsingham
1614	Sir Edward Hoby	Sir Anthony Aucher refused to serve and replaced by Sir Edwin Sandys
1621–1622	Sir Thomas Walsingham (younger)	Henry Clerke
1624	Maximilian Dallison	Sir Thomas Walsingham (younger)
1625	Henry Clerke	Sir Thomas Walsingham (younger)
1626	Henry Clerke	Sir Thomas Walsingham (younger)
1628	Sir Thomas Walsingham (younger)	William Brooke
1629–1640	No Parliaments summoned

MPs 1640–1885

Year		First member	First party		Second member	Second party
April 1640		Sir Thomas Walsingham			John Clerke
November 1640		Sir Thomas Walsingham	Parliamentarian		Richard Lee	Parliamentarian
December 1648				Lee excluded in Pride's Purge – seat vacant
1653	Rochester was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament
1654		John Parker		Rochester had only one seat in the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate
1656
January 1659		Peter Pett			Richard Hutchinson
May 1659		Sir Thomas Walsingham		One seat vacant
1660		Peter Pett			John Marsham
1661		Sir Francis Clerke			Sir William Batten
1667					Sir Richard Head
February 1679		Sir John Banks
August 1679					Francis Barrell
1681					Sir Francis Clerke
1689					Sir Roger Twisden
1690		Sir Joseph Williamson			Francis Clerke
1691					Caleb Banks
1695					Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell
1701		Francis Barrell			William Bokenham
1702		Edward Knatchbull			William Cage
1705		Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell			Admiral Sir Stafford Fairborne
1708		Admiral Sir John Leake
1710					William Cage
1715		Sir Thomas Palmer, Bt			Admiral Sir John Jennings
1724		Sir Thomas Colby
1727		David Polhill	Whig
1734					Admiral Nicholas Haddock
1741		Admiral Edward Vernon[4]
1743		David Polhill	Whig
1746					Admiral Sir Chaloner Ogle
1751					Admiral The Hon. John Byng
1754		Nicholas Haddock
1757					Admiral Isaac Townsend
1761		Viscount Parker
1764		Admiral Sir Charles Hardy
1765					Grey Cooper	Tory[5]
1768		John Calcraft	Whig[5]		William Gordon	Tory[5]
1771					Admiral Thomas Pye	Tory[5]
1772		George Finch-Hatton	Tory[5]
1774					Robert Gregory	Whig[5]
1784		Captain Sir Charles Middleton[6]	Whig[5]		Nathaniel Smith	Whig[5]
1790		George Best	Tory[5]		Admiral Sir Richard Bickerton	Tory[5]
1792					Nathaniel Smith	Whig[5]
1794					Admiral Sir Richard King	Tory
1796		Hon. Henry Tufton	Whig[5]
1802		Captain Sir Sidney Smith[7]	Tory[5]		James Hulkes	Whig[5]
1806		John Calcraft	Whig[5]		James Barnett	Whig[5]
1807					Sir Thomas Thompson	Tory[5]
1816					James Barnett	Whig[5]
1818		Lord Binning	Tory[5]
1820					Ralph Bernal	Whig[5][8][9][10][11]
1826		Captain Henry Dundas	Tory[5]
1830		George Villiers	Tory[5]
1831		John Mills	Tory[5]
1834			Conservative
1835		Thomas Hodges	Whig[5][12][13][14]
1837		Thomas Hobhouse	Radical[15][16]
1841		James Douglas Stoddart Douglas	Conservative[5]		William Bodkin	Conservative[5]
1847		Ralph Bernal	Whig[5][8][9][10][11]		Thomas Hodges	Whig[5][12][13][14]
1852		Hon. Francis Child Villiers	Conservative[17]		Sir Thomas Maddock	Conservative[17]
1856 by-election		Philip Wykeham Martin	Radical[18][19][20]
1857					John Alexander Kinglake	Radical[21]
1859			Liberal			Liberal
1870 by-election					Julian Goldsmid	Liberal
1878 by-election		Sir Arthur Otway	Liberal
1880					Roger Leigh	Conservative
1885	Representation reduced to one-member

MPs 1885–1918

Election		Member	Party
	1885	Francis Hughes-Hallett	Conservative
	1889 by-election	Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen	Liberal
	1892	Horatio Davies	Conservative
	1893 by-election	James Gascoyne-Cecil	Conservative
	1903 by-election	Charles Tuff	Conservative
	1906	Ernest Lamb	Liberal
	1910	Samuel Forde Ridley	Conservative
	1910	Sir Ernest Lamb	Liberal
	1918	constituency abolished: see Chatham and Gillingham

Elections

Decades:

1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s

Elections in the 1830s

General election 1830: Rochester^[5][22]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Ralph Bernal	429	36.2
	Tory	George Child Villiers	417	35.2
	Tory	John Mills	339	28.6
Turnout			778	c. 74.1
Registered electors			c. 1,050
Majority			12	1.0
	Whig hold		Swing
Majority			78	6.6
	Tory hold		Swing

General election 1831: Rochester^[5][22]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Whig	Ralph Bernal	Unopposed
	Tory	John Mills	Unopposed
Registered electors			c. 1,050
	Whig hold
	Tory hold

General election 1832: Rochester^[5][17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Whig	Ralph Bernal	354	35.5
	Tory	John Mills	350	35.1
	Whig	George Lewes Newnham Collingwood	293	29.4
Turnout			650	66.8
Registered electors			973
Majority			4	0.4
	Whig hold
Majority			57	5.7
	Tory hold

General election 1835: Rochester^[5][17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Ralph Bernal	502	36.2	+0.7
	Whig	Thomas Twisden Hodges	443	31.9	+2.5
	Conservative	Charles Wellesley	442	31.9	−3.2
Majority			1	0.0	−0.4
Turnout			873	90.3	+23.5
Registered electors			967
	Whig hold		Swing	+1.2
	Whig gain from Conservative		Swing	+2.1

General election 1837: Rochester^[5][17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Ralph Bernal	489	26.9	−41.2
	Radical	Thomas Hobhouse	473	26.0	N/A
	Conservative	James Douglas Stoddart Douglas	445	24.5	+8.6
	Conservative	Thomas Best[23]	412	22.6	+6.7
Turnout			913	90.0	−0.3
Registered electors			1,015
Majority			16	0.9	+0.9
	Whig hold		Swing	−28.3
Majority			28	1.5	N/A
	Radical gain from Whig		Swing	N/A

Elections in the 1840s

General election 1841: Rochester^[17][5]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	James Douglas Stoddart Douglas	541	26.7	+2.2
	Conservative	William Bodkin	499	24.6	+2.0
	Whig	William Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound	497	24.5	+11.1
	Whig	Francis Dashwood[24][25]	489	24.1	+10.7
Majority			2	0.1	N/A
Turnout			1,019	89.5	−0.5
Registered electors			1,139
	Conservative gain from Radical		Swing	−4.4
	Conservative gain from Whig		Swing	−4.5

General election 1847: Rochester^[17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Ralph Bernal	637	29.2	+4.7
	Whig	Thomas Twisden Hodges	617	28.3	+4.2
	Conservative	William Bodkin	464	21.3	−3.3
	Conservative	James Douglas Stoddart Douglas	462	21.2	−5.5
Majority			153	7.0	N/A
Turnout			1,090 (est)	75.1 (est)	−14.4
Registered electors			1,451
	Whig gain from Conservative		Swing	+4.6
	Whig gain from Conservative		Swing	+4.3

Elections in the 1850s

General election 1852: Rochester^[17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Francis Child Villiers	584	26.7	+5.4
	Conservative	Thomas Herbert Maddock	581	26.6	+5.4
	Whig	Ralph Bernal	514	23.5	−5.7
	Whig	Thomas Twisden Hodges	507	23.2	−5.1
Majority			67	3.1	N/A
Turnout			1,093 (est)	86.1 (est)	+11.0
Registered electors			1,269
	Conservative gain from Whig		Swing	+5.4
	Conservative gain from Whig		Swing	+5.4

Villiers resigned, causing a by-election.

By-election, 8 February 1856: Rochester^[17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	Philip Wykeham Martin	560	52.9	+6.2
	Conservative	William Bodkin	499	47.1	−6.2
Majority			61	5.8	N/A
Turnout			1,059	90.5	+4.4
Registered electors			1,170
	Radical gain from Conservative		Swing	+6.2

General election 1857: Rochester^[17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	Philip Wykeham Martin	Unopposed
	Radical	John Alexander Kinglake	Unopposed
Registered electors			1,180
	Radical gain from Conservative
	Radical gain from Conservative

General election 1859: Rochester^[17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Philip Wykeham Martin	665	28.6	N/A
	Liberal	John Alexander Kinglake	662	28.5	N/A
	Conservative	George Henry Money[26]	505	21.7	New
	Conservative	George Mitchell[27]	493	21.2	New
Majority			157	6.8	N/A
Turnout			1,163 (est)	81.9 (est)	N/A
Registered electors			1,419
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

Elections in the 1860s

General election 1865: Rochester^[17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Philip Wykeham Martin	855	41.5	+12.9
	Liberal	John Alexander Kinglake	792	38.4	+9.9
	Conservative	Alfred Smee	414	20.1	−22.8
Majority			378	18.3	+11.5
Turnout			1,238 (est)	84.9 (est)	+3.0
Registered electors			1,458
	Liberal hold		Swing	+12.4
	Liberal hold		Swing	+10.7

General election 1868: Rochester^[17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Philip Wykeham Martin	1,458	42.1	+0.6
	Liberal	John Alexander Kinglake	1,305	37.7	−0.7
	Conservative	Alfred Smee	703	20.3	+0.2
Majority			602	17.4	−0.9
Turnout			2,085 (est)	81.1 (est)	−3.8
Registered electors			2,569
	Liberal hold		Swing	+0.3
	Liberal hold		Swing	−0.4

Elections in the 1870s

Kinglake's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 19 Jul 1870: Rochester^[17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Julian Goldsmid	987	64.2	−15.6
	Ind. Conservative	Charles James Fox[28]	550	35.8	New
Majority			437	28.4	+11.0
Turnout			1,537	59.8	−21.3
Registered electors			2,571
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

General election 1874: Rochester^[17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Philip Wykeham Martin	1,206	37.9	−4.2
	Liberal	Julian Goldsmid	1,144	35.9	−1.8
	Conservative	Alfred Smee[29]	835	26.2	+5.9
Majority			309	9.7	−7.7
Turnout			2,010 (est)	75.1 (est)	−6.0
Registered electors			2,676
	Liberal hold		Swing	−3.6
	Liberal hold		Swing	−2.4

Martin's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 14 Jun 1878: Rochester^[17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Arthur Otway	1,284	56.1	−17.7
	Conservative	Walter Scott Seton-Karr[30]	1,004	43.9	+17.7
Majority			280	12.2	+2.5
Turnout			2,288	80.8	+5.7
Registered electors			2,832
	Liberal hold		Swing	−17.7

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1880: Rochester^[17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Arthur Otway	1,497	27.2	−10.7
	Conservative	Roger Leigh	1,393	25.3	+12.2
	Conservative	Walter Scott Seton-Karr[30]	1,312	23.9	+10.8
	Liberal	Julian Goldsmid	1,294	23.5	−12.4
Turnout			2,748 (est)	90.8 (est)	+15.7
Registered electors			3,026
Majority			104	1.9	−7.8
	Liberal hold		Swing	−10.8
Majority			99	1.8	N/A
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+12.3

Edwards

General election 1885: Rochester^[31]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Francis Hughes-Hallett	1,627	54.0	+4.8
	Liberal	John Passmore Edwards	1,386	46.0	−4.7
Majority			241	8.0	+6.2
Turnout			3,013	91.2	+0.4 (est)
Registered electors			3,304
	Conservative hold		Swing	+4.7

General election 1886: Rochester^[31]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Francis Hughes-Hallett	1,602	54.2	+0.2
	Liberal	Francis Flint Belsey	1,353	45.8	−0.2
Majority			249	8.4	+0.4
Turnout			2,955	89.4	−1.8
Registered electors			3,304
	Conservative hold		Swing	+0.2

Hughes-Hallett resigned, causing a by-election.

By-election, 16 Apr 1889: Rochester^[31]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen	1,655	51.2	+5.4
	Conservative	Horatio Davies	1,580	48.8	−5.4
Majority			75	2.4	N/A
Turnout			3,235	91.1	+1.7
Registered electors			3,550
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+5.4

Elections in the 1890s

Davies

General election 1892: Rochester^[31]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Horatio Davies	2,119	55.3	+1.1
	Liberal	Frederic Brunning Maddison[32]	1,712	44.7	−1.1
Majority			407	10.6	+2.2
Turnout			3,831	91.0	+1.6
Registered electors			4,211
	Conservative hold		Swing	+1.1

Davies was unseated on petition, causing a by-election.

Cranborne

1893 Rochester by-election^[31]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	James Gascoyne-Cecil	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

Grenfell

General election 1895: Rochester^[31]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	James Gascoyne-Cecil	2,152	56.3	+1.0
	Liberal	Cecil Grenfell	1,673	43.7	−1.0
Majority			479	12.6	+2.0
Turnout			3,825	87.4	−3.6
Registered electors			4,378
	Conservative hold		Swing	+1.0

Elections in the 1900s

General election 1900: Rochester^[31]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	James Gascoyne-Cecil	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

Johnston

1903 Rochester by-election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Charles Tuff	2,504	55.8	N/A
	Liberal	Harry Johnston	1,983	44.2	New
Majority			521	11.6	N/A
Turnout			4,487	86.2	N/A
Registered electors			5,206
	Conservative hold

Lamb

General election 1906: Rochester^[33]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Ernest Lamb	2,967	55.6	N/A
	Conservative	Charles Tuff	2,374	44.4	N/A
Majority			593	11.2	N/A
Turnout			5,341	92.7	N/A
Registered electors			5,763
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	N/A

Elections in the 1910s

Forde Ridley

General election January 1910: Rochester^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Samuel Forde Ridley	2,675	51.3	+6.9
	Liberal	Ernest Lamb	2,543	48.7	−6.9
Majority			132	2.6	N/A
Turnout			5,218	92.7	+0.0
Registered electors			5,629
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+6.9

General election December 1910: Rochester^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Ernest Lamb	2,609	51.5	+2.8
	Conservative	Samuel Forde Ridley	2,456	48.5	−2.8
Majority			153	3.0	N/A
Turnout			5,065	90.0	−2.7
Registered electors			5,629
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+2.8

General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

• Liberal: Ernest Lamb
• Unionist:

References

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3. "History of Parliament". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
4. Vernon was also elected for Ipswich, which he chose to represent, and did not sit for Rochester
5. Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 169–171. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
6. Rear Admiral from 1787
7. Rear Admiral from 1805
8. Farrell, Stephen (2009). "BERNAL, Ralph (1783–1854), of 11 Park Crescent, Mdx". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
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10. Thompson, Thomas Perronet (1843). Exercises, Political and Others: Vol. IV (2nd ed.). London: Effingham Wilson. p. 222.
11. Rubinstein, William D.; Jolles, Michael A.; Rubinstein, Hilary L., eds. (2011). The Palgrave Dictionary of Ango-Jewish History (eBook ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-230-30466-6. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
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31. British Parliamentary Election Results 1885-1918, FWS Craig
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33. The Liberal Year Book, 1908
34. Debrett's House of Commons 1916

Sources

• Robert Beatson, "A Chronological Register of Both Houses of Parliament" (London: Longman, Hurst, Res & Orme, 1807)
• D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
• Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808)
• Maija Jansson (ed.), Proceedings in Parliament, 1614 (House of Commons) (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1988)
• J E Neale, The Elizabethan House of Commons (London: Jonathan Cape, 1949)
• Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "R" (part 2)

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