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Psalm 115
115th psalm of the Book of Psalms From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Psalm 115 is the 115th psalm of the Book of Psalms in the Hebrew Bible, beginning in English in the King James Version of the Christian Bible: "Not unto us, O LORD, not unto us, but unto thy Name give glory". It is part of the Egyptian Hallel sequence in the fifth division of the Book of Psalms.
In the slightly different numbering system in the Greek Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate version of the Bible, this psalm forms the second part of Psalm 113, counted as verses 9–26 of Psalm 113, with verses 1–8 being Psalm 114 in Hebrew numbering.[1] In Latin, that part is known as "non nobis".[2]
According to Alexander Kirkpatrick, Psalm 115 "was probably composed for use in the [Second] Temple services after the Return from Babylon", perhaps when the first flush of enthusiasm had died away and the little community in Jerusalem realised how weak it was in the eyes of its neighbours.[3]
The beginning has been used for building inscriptions, such as the Ca' Vendramin Calergi. Verse 16 ("The earth has been given to the children of men"), among other things, motivated John McConnell to create Earth Day.
Psalm 115 is used as a regular part of Jewish, Eastern Orthodox, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican, and various Protestant liturgies. It has often been set to music, such as a setting in German by Heinrich Schütz for three four-part choirs of voices and instruments, and Bach's early wedding cantata Der Herr denket an uns, BWV 196. During the Romantic period, Felix Mendelssohn set the psalm in German, Gustav Holst in English, and Albert Kellermann in Hebrew.
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In Judaism
Psalm 115 is one of six psalms (113–118) of which Hallel is composed. On all days when Hallel is recited, this psalm is recited in its entirety, except on Rosh Chodesh and the last six days of Passover, when only verses 1–11 are recited.[4] Verse 18 is the final verse of Ashrei.[5] It is also recited by some Jews following Psalm 126 preceding Birkat Hamazon.[6]
In Christianity
The Latin hymn "Non nobis" is based on Psalm 115. Several clergymen chose the beginning for their motto as an expression of humility, including the Italian archbishop Giuseppe Siri[7] and the Filipino archbishop José S. Palma.[8] The first verse in Latin, "Non Nobis Domine" became the motto of the Knights Templar.[9][10]
Other uses
The beginning has been used for inscriptions on buildings, notably the Venetian Ca' Vendramin Calergi which is even known by the Latin "Non Nobis Domine".[11] Psalm 113 in the Vulgate numbering is said to have been used as a memorial and thanksgiving by Henry V after the Battle of Agincourt:
The king … gathering his armie togither, gaue thanks to almightie God for so happie a victorie; causing his prelats and chapleins to sing this psalme: ‘In exitu Israel de Aegypto’: and commanded euerie man to kneele downe on the ground at this verse: ‘Non nobis, Domine, non nobis, sed nomini tuo da gloriam’.[12]
Verse 16, "The earth has been given to the children of men", is used by the philosopher John Locke in his argument that the whole human race holds the natural world in common ownership, at the start of his argument for the right of individuals to own personal property,[13] and it was quoted by peace activist John McConnell as an inspiration to create Earth Day, as a call to preserve the Earth and to share resources.[14]
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Music
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In his collection Psalmen Davids of psalms, hymns and motets, Heinrich Schütz set Psalm 115 in German "Nicht uns, Herr", for three four-part choirs of voices and instruments, SWV 43.[15] Schütz also set a metric poem for the Becker Psalter, "Nicht uns, nicht uns, Herr, lieber Gott", SWV 213.[16]
Johann Sebastian Bach based his early wedding cantata Der Herr denket an uns, BWV 196, on verses 12 to 15 of Psalm 115 which speak of God's blessing especially for families.[17]
Joseph Haydn wrote a four-part setting of the first verse in Latin for choir a cappella as an offertory hymn, published by Carus in 2009.[18] In 1835, Felix Mendelssohn set Psalm 115 in German, Nicht unserm Namen, Herr, Op. 31, for soprano solo, SATB choir and orchestra.[19] Gustav Holst wrote a setting in English, "Not Unto Us, O Lord", for mixed chorus and organ or piano in the 1890s.[20]
Albert Kellermann included Psalm 115 in a collection of Sechs liturgische Psalmen (6 liturgical psalms) in 1913, setting them in Hebrew for choir, soloists and organ.[21] When Siegfried Matthus wrote the libretto to his opera Judith, based on Friedrich Hebbel's Judith and premiered in 1985, he included verses from the Old Testament including Psalm 115.[22] Gerald Cohen set the psalm in Hebrew for SATB chorus and piano in 1987.[23]
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Text
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The following table shows the Hebrew text[24][25] of the Psalm with vowels, alongside the Koine Greek text in the Septuagint[26] and the English translation from the King James Version. Note that the meaning can slightly differ between these versions, as the Septuagint and the Masoretic Text come from different textual traditions.[note 1] In the Septuagint, this is the second part of Psalm 113, with its first part being Psalm 114 in the Masoretic numbering.
Latin Vulgate
Following is the Latin text of Psalm 115 (113b):[27]
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Notes
- A 1917 translation directly from Hebrew to English by the Jewish Publication Society can be found here or here, and an 1844 translation directly from the Septuagint by L. C. L. Brenton can be found here. Both translations are in the public domain.
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