Protestantism by country

There are 0.8–1.05 billion Protestants worldwide,^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][a]} among approximately 2.5 billion Christians.^{[10][1][11][12][b]} In 2010, a total of more than 800 million included 300 million in Sub-Saharan Africa, 260 million in the Americas, 140 million in Asia-Pacific region, 100 million in Europe and 2 million in Middle East-North Africa.^[2] Protestants account for nearly forty percent of Christians worldwide and more than one tenth of the total human population.^[2] Various estimates put the percentage of Protestants in relation to the total number of the world's Christians at 33%,^[5] 36%,^[13] 36.7%,^[2] and 40%,^[3] while in relation to the world's population at 11.6%^[2] and 13%.^[8]

Distribution of Protestants

Percentage of Protestants by country

Number of Protestants by country

In European countries which were most profoundly influenced by the Reformation, Protestantism still remains the most practiced religion.^[5] These include the Nordic countries and United Kingdom.^[5][14] In other historical Protestant strongholds such as Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Latvia, Estonia and Hungary, it remains one of the most popular religions.^[15] Although Czech Republic was the site of one of the most significant pre-reformation movements,^[16] there are only few Protestant adherents^[17][18]—mainly due to historical reasons like persecution of Protestants by the Catholic Habsburgs,^[19] restrictions during the Communist rule and also the ongoing secularization.^[16] Over the last several decades, religious practice has been declining as secularization has increased.^[5][20] According to a 2019 study about religiosity in the European Union (EU) by Eurobarometer, Protestants made up 9% of the EU population.^[21] According to Pew Research Center, Protestants constituted nearly one fifth (or 17.8%) of the continent's Christian population in 2010.^[2] Clarke and Beyer estimate that Protestants constituted 15% of all Europeans in 2009, while Noll claims that less than 12% of them lived in Europe in 2010.^[5][7]

Changes in worldwide Protestantism over the last century have been significant.^[3][7][22] Since 1900, Protestantism has spread rapidly in Africa, Asia, Oceania and South America.^[23][8][22] That caused Protestantism to be called a primarily non-Western religion.^[7][22] Much of the growth has occurred after World War II, when decolonization of Africa and abolition of various restrictions against Protestants in Latin American countries occurred.^[8] According to one source, Protestants constituted respectively 2.5% of South Americans, 2% of Africans and 0.5% of Asians in 1900.^[8] In 2000, these percentages had increased to 17%, more than 27% and 5.5%, respectively.^[8] According to Mark A. Noll, 79% of Anglicans lived in the United Kingdom in 1910, while most of the remainder were found in the United States and across the British Commonwealth.^[7] By 2010, 59% of Anglicans were found in Africa.^[7] China is home to the world's largest Protestant minority.^[2][c]

Protestantism is growing in Africa,^[23][24][25] Asia,^[23][25][26] Latin America,^[25][27] and Oceania,^[23][22] while remaining stable or declining in Anglo America^[22] and Europe,^[5][28] with some exceptions such as France,^[29] where it was legally eradicated after the abolition of the Edict of Nantes by the Edict of Fontainebleau and the following persecution of Huguenots, but now is claimed to be stable in number or even growing slightly.^[29] According to some, Russia is another country to see Protestant growth.^[30][31][32] However, "by 2050 it is expected that less than 9% of Protestants will be European" and "sometime around 2040 half of all Protestants will likely live in Africa."^[33]

In 2010, the largest Protestant denominational families were historically Pentecostal denominations (10.8%), Anglican (10.6%), Lutheran (9.7%), Baptist (9%), United and uniting churches (unions of different denominations) (7.2%), Presbyterian or Reformed (7%), Methodist (3.4%), Adventist (2.7%), Congregationalist (0.5%), Brethren (0.5%), The Salvation Army (0.3%) and Moravian (0.1%). Other denominations accounted for 38.2% of Protestants.^[2]

The United States is home to approximately 20% of Protestants.^[2] According to a 2019 study, Protestant share of U.S. population dropped to 43%, further ending its status as religion of the majority.^[34][35][36] The decline is attributed mainly to the dropping membership of the Mainline Protestant churches ^[35][37] and even among Evangelical Protestant churches^[38][39] while Black churches are relatively stable or continue to grow.^[35]

According to Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States, a review of American Nobel prizes winners awarded between 1901 and 1972 by Harriet Zuckerman, 72% of American Nobel Prize laureates came from Protestant backgrounds.^[40] Overall, Protestants have won a total of 84.2% of all the American Nobel Prizes in Chemistry,^[40] 60% in Medicine,^[40] 58.6% in Physics,^[40] between 1901 and 1972.

By 2050, some project Protestantism to rise to slightly more than half of the world's total Christian population.^[41][d] According to Hans J. Hillerbrand, Protestant and Catholic share of the global Christian population will almost be the same by 2050, with Protestants exhibiting a significantly higher growth rate.^[42]

According to Mark Juergensmeyer of the University of California, popular Protestantism^[e] is the most dynamic religious movement in the contemporary world, alongside resurgent Islam.^[43]

Methodology

See also: List of Christian denominations

For the purposes of this list, the following Christian branches are considered Protestant:

• Seventh-day Adventists
• Anabaptists (including Amish, Hutterites, Mennonites)
• Anglicans (including Episcopalians)
• Baptists
• Calvinists (or the Reformed tradition) (including Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Continental Reformed, Waldensians)
• Lutherans
• Methodists
• Pentecostals
• Other Protestants (including Hussites, Brethren, Free Evangelicals, Quakers, United, Holiness and others)

Evangelicals, Charismatics, Neo-charismatics and other revivalists are found virtually across every Protestant branch. Nondenominationals, various independents and Protestants from other denominations, not easily fitting in the traditional classification, are also taken into account.

Estimates of total Protestant population vary considerably. Most reliable sources claim a range of 800 million to more than 1 billion. Difficulties occur as there is no consensus among scholars which denominations should be considered Protestant.

Countries

The seven regions considered in the following table are the six traditional ones (Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania), plus Middle East (i.e., countries with Islamic majority from the Mediterranean to Iran).

Protestants by country

Region	Country	Total population (year)	% Protestant	Protestant total
Asia	Afghanistan (details)	29,928,987	0.03%	10,000
Europe	Albania (details)	3,563,112	0.23%	8,191
Africa	Algeria (details)	35,531,853	1.62%	250,000
Europe	Andorra (details)	71,201	2.1%	1,495
Africa	Angola (details)	19,600,000	30.6%	5,997,600
North America	Antigua and Barbuda (details)	68,722	68%	59,101[citation needed]
South America	Argentina (details)	40,500,000	15.3% [44]	6,874,290
Europe	Armenia (details)	2,982,904	3.7%	110,368
Oceania	Australia (details)	23,401,892 (2016)	23.1%	6,355,952[45]
Europe	Austria (details)	8,823,053 (2017)	3.4%	297,578[46]
Europe	Azerbaijan (details)	8,581,400	0.07%	6,007
North America	Bahamas (details)	353,658[47]	70%	247,561
Asia	Bahrain (details)	688,345	?	?
Asia	Bangladesh (details)	144,319,628	0.23%	331,935
North America	Barbados (details)	278,289	67%	186,454
Europe	Belarus (details)	10,300,483	5%	515,024
Europe	Belgium (details)	10,364,388	1.35%	140,000
North America	Belize (details)	279,457	30%	83,837
Africa	Benin (details)	9,100,000	23%	2,093,000
Asia	Bhutan (details)	2,232,291	0.018%	400
South America	Bolivia (details)	8,857,870	16%[48]-17.2%[49]-20%[50]	1,417,259
Europe	Bosnia and Herzegovina (details)	4,025,476	0.04%	1,610
Africa	Botswana (details)	2,000,000	66%	1,320,000
South America	Brazil (details)	211,189,413[51]	24.5%-31%[52][53]	51,695,000 - 70,791,786
Asia	Brunei (details)	372,361	1.3%	4,841
Europe	Bulgaria (details)	7,450,349	1%	74,503
Africa	Burkina Faso (details)	17,000,000	9%	1,360,000
Africa	Burundi (details)	10,200,000	20%	2,400,000
Asia	Cambodia (details)	13,607,069	0.04%	5,390
Africa	Cameroon (details)	16,380,005	20%	3,276,001
North America	Canada (details)	36,242,571	21.7%	7,869,955[54]
Africa	Cape Verde (details)	415,294	3.5%	14,535
Africa	Central African Republic (details)	5,000,000	61%	3,050,000
Africa	Chad (details)	11,500,000	18%	2,070,000
South America	Chile (details)	18,192,000	13% - 15.5%[2] 11%[55]	2,365,000 - 2.821.000
Asia	China (details)	1,382,710,000 (2016)	2.9%	39,970,000[56]
South America	Colombia (details)	46,900,000 (2011 est)	16.4% (2020)	5,862,500
Africa	Comoros (details)	671,247	0.25%	1,678
Africa	Congo, Republic of (details)	4,100,000	51%	2,091,000
Africa	Congo, Democratic Republic of (details)	65,966,000 (2010)	50%	31,663,680[57]
North America	Costa Rica (details)	4,700,000 (2011 est)	12.3%[58][59][60]-25%[61][48]	1,250,000
Africa	Côte d'Ivoire (details)	22,500,000	23%	5,175,000
Europe	Croatia (details)	4,495,904	2%	89,918
North America	Cuba (details)	11,346,670	11%	1,248,133
Europe	Cyprus (details)	780,133	2%	15,603
Europe	Czech Republic (details)	10,241,138	1.1% [62]
Europe	Denmark (details)	5,700,000	77% - 82%	4,389,000 - 4,674,000
Africa	Djibouti (details)	900,000	0.2%	1,800
North America	Dominica (details)	69,278	15%	10,392
North America	Dominican Republic (details)	10,000,000 (2011 est)	18% (poll)	1,800,000
Asia	East Timor (details)	1,040,880	1.2%[63]-1.96%[64]	31,226
South America	Ecuador (details)	14,700,000	12.5%-14%[65]	1,837,500
Africa	Egypt	105,000,000	2%	2,100,000
North America	El Salvador (details)	6,200,000	34.4% / 28% [66]	2,132,800
Africa	Equatorial Guinea (details)	700,000	6%	42,000
Africa	Eritrea (details)	5,900,000	5%	295,000
Europe	Estonia (details)	1,094,564	11%	121,000
Africa	Eswatini (details)	1,200,000	67%	801,000
Africa	Ethiopia (details)	73,750,932 (2007)	18.6%	13,717,673
Oceania	Fiji (details)	893,354	42.5%	379,676
Europe	Finland (details)	5,564,000	65.8%[67]	3,662,000
Europe	France (details)	60,656,178	2%	1,213,124
Africa	Gabon (details)	1,500,000	39.7%[68]
Africa	Gambia (details)	1,593,256	7%[citation needed]	360,000[citation needed]
Europe	Georgia (details)	4,677,401	2.14%	100,000
Europe	Germany (details)	83,155,000 (2020)	22.6%	18,600,000[69]
Africa	Ghana (details)	24,200,000 (2010)	58.1%	14,060,200
Europe	Greece (details)	10,668,354	0.28%	30,000
North America	Grenada (details)	89,502	30%	26,851
North America	Guatemala (details)	14,700,000	38.2%	6,038,150
Africa	Guinea (details)	10,200,000	4%	408,000
Africa	Guinea-Bissau (details)	1,600,000	2%	32,000
South America	Guyana (details)	765,283	38%	290,808
North America	Haiti (details)	10,100,000 (2011 est)	30%	3,030,000
North America	Honduras (details)	6,975,204	41%	2,859,834
Europe	Hungary (details)	10,006,835	14%	1,401,640
Europe	Iceland (details)	376,200 (2022)	68.1%	256,200[70]
Asia	India (details)	1,407,563,842 (2021)[71][72]	1.5%	18,860,000[73]
Asia	Indonesia (details)	270,000,000 (2020)	7.6%	20,246,000[74]
Asia	Iran (details)	68,017,860	0.3%	204,054
Asia	Iraq (details)	38,146,025	0.1%	40,000
Europe	Ireland (details)	4,761,900 (2016)	4.2%	201,400[75]
Asia	Israel (details)	9,076,883	0.71%	64,000
Europe	Italy (details)	58,102,112	1,3%	755,328
North America	Jamaica (details)	2,731,832	60%	1,639,099
Asia	Japan (details)	127,417,244	0.4%	509,668
Asia	Jordan (details)	5,759,732	0.5%	28,799
Asia	Kazakhstan (details)	15,185,844	2%	303,717
Africa	Kenya (details)	50,953,000 (2019)	60.8%	31,081,162
Oceania	Kiribati (details)	103,500	40%	41,400
Asia	Korea, North (details)	22,912,177	0.04%	10,000
Asia	Korea, South (details)	51,815,810	19.70%	10,207,715
Asia	Kuwait (details)	2,335,648	2.14%	50,000
Asia	Kyrgyzstan (details)	5,146,281	0.03%	1,337
Asia	Laos (details)	6,217,141	0.56%	35,000
Europe	Latvia (details)	2,070,371	35%	714,000
Asia	Lebanon (details)	3,826,018	1%	40,000
Africa	Lesotho (details)	2,200,000	50%	1,100,000
Africa	Liberia (details)	4,100,000	75%	3,075,000
Africa	Libya (details)	6,765,563	Less than 1%	?
Europe	Liechtenstein (details)	33,436	7%	2,341
Europe	Lithuania (details)	3,596,617	1%	35,966
Europe	Luxembourg (details)	468,571	1%	4,686
Africa	Madagascar (details)	21,300,000	38%	8,094,000
Africa	Malawi (details)	15,900,000	55%	8,745,000
Asia	Malaysia (details)	28,900,000	4%	1,156,000
Asia	Maldives (details)	349,106	0	0
Africa	Mali (details)	15,400,000	1%	154,000
Oceania	Marshall Islands (details)	62,000	76.7%	47,554
Africa	Mauritania (details)	3,500,000	0.1%	3,500
Africa	Mauritius (details)	1,230,602	4.5%	55,377
North America	Mexico (details)	114,800,000 (2011 est)	5%-7.3%[76]-10% [77]	5,700,000-11,400,000
Europe	Moldova (details)	4,455,421	0.26%	11,634
Oceania	Micronesia (details)	108,155	47%	50,833
Asia	Mongolia (details)	3,348,272	1.25%	41,800
Africa	Morocco (details)	32,725,847	Protestant minorities	?
Africa	Mozambique (details)	23,100,000	27%	6,237,000
Asia	Myanmar (details)	42,909,464	3%	1,287,284
Africa	Namibia (details)	2,300,000	74%	1,702,000
Oceania	Nauru (details)	13,048	66%	8,612
Asia	Nepal (details)	27,676,547	0.01	3,979
Europe	Netherlands (details)	16,407,491	11%	3,445,573
Oceania	New Zealand (details)	4,699,755	26.7%[78]	1,253,742
North America	Nicaragua (details)	5,900,000 (2011 est)	26.5% (PF)	1,563,500
Africa	Niger (details)	16,100,000	0.5%	80,500
Africa	Nigeria (details)	200,000,000	37.7%	60,118,563[79]-75,400,000
Europe	North Macedonia (details)	2,045,262	3%	61,358
Europe	Norway (details)	5,367,000	72.0%	3,865,000[80][81]
Asia	Oman (details)	3,001,583	5.8%[98]	11,500
Asia	Pakistan (details)	162,419,946	0.86%	1,400,000
Oceania	Palau (details)	20,000	29.6%	5,960
North America	Panama (details)	3,600,000	24%	864,000
Oceania	Papua New Guinea (details)	5,545,268	61.5%	3,410,340
South America	Paraguay (details)	6,600,000	6%	396,000
South America	Peru (details)	32,510,000 (2019)	12.5% (2006 census)	3,675,000
Asia	Philippines (details)	100,000,000	10.0%-8.2%[82]	10,000,000
Europe	Poland (details)	38,635,144	0.35%	130,000
Europe	Portugal (details)	10,421,117	2.2%	229,265
North America	Puerto Rico (details)	3,500,000	33%	1,100,000
Asia	Qatar (details)	863,051	1%	Unknown
Europe	Romania (details)	22,329,977	6%	1,339,799
Europe	Russia (details)	143,420,309	2%	2,485,000
Africa	Rwanda (details)	10,900,000	43%	4,687,000
North America	Saint Kitts and Nevis (details)	38,958	74%	29,335
North America	Saint Lucia (details)	166,312	10%	16,631
North America	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (details)	117,534	77%	90,501
Oceania	Samoa (details)	179,000	49.8%	89,142
Asia	Saudi Arabia (details)	26,417,599	3.33%	800,000
Africa	Senegal (details)	11,126,832	0.5%	55,634
Europe	Serbia (details)	7,186,175	1.2%	80,291
Africa	Seychelles (details)	81,188	8%	6,495
Africa	Sierra Leone (details)	5,400,000	14%	756,000
Asia	Singapore (details)	4,425,720	8%	354,058
Europe	Slovakia (details)	5,431,363	8.9	935,235
Europe	Slovenia (details)	2,011,070	0.8%	16,135
Oceania	Solomon Islands (details)	540,000	76.6%	410,000
Africa	Somalia (details)	9,900,000	0	0
Africa	South Africa (details)	50,500,000 (2010)	72.9%	36,814,500[57]
Africa	South Sudan (details)	9,950,000	20.7%	2,060,000
Europe	Spain (details)	50,000,000	3%[57]	1,500,000
Asia	Sri Lanka (details)	20,064,776	0.8%	160,518
Africa	Sudan (details)	44,600,000	5%	2,200,000
South America	Suriname (details)	500,000	25%	125,000
Europe	Sweden (details)	10,000,000	60%	6,000,000
Europe	Switzerland (details)	8,482,152 (2017)	27%[83]	2,290,000
Asia	Syria (details)	18,448,752	0.2%	37,605
Asia	Taiwan (details)	22,894,384	2.6%	595,254
Asia	Tajikistan (details)	7,163,506	0.01%	711
Africa	Tanzania (details)	62,092,761[84]	38%	22,765,045
Asia	Thailand (details)	64,076,033	0.77%	492,800
Africa	Togo (details)	5,681,519	9.5%	539,744
Oceania	Tonga (details)	112,422	73%	82,068
North America	Trinidad and Tobago (details)	1,300,000	38%	494,000
Africa	Tunisia (details)	10,074,951	3.33%	335,496
Europe	Turkey (details)	84,680,273	Less than 1%	13,000
Asia	Turkmenistan (details)	4,952,081	0.6%	81
Oceania	Tuvalu (details)	11,636	94%	11,450
Africa	Uganda (details)	34,856,000 (2014)	45.1%	15,720,056
Europe	Ukraine (details)	47,425,336	2.3%	900,000
Asia	United Arab Emirates (details)	2,563,212	5%	128,160
Europe	United Kingdom (details)	67,330,000 (2021)	31% [85]	20,770,000
North America	United States (details)	330,000,000	46.5%[86] 36%[87] 43% [88]	118,800,000 141,900,000 153,450,000
South America	Uruguay (details)	3,400,000	15%	510,000
Asia	Uzbekistan (details)	26,851,195	0.01%	1,345
Oceania	Vanuatu (details)	243,304	40%	97,321
Europe	Vatican City (details)	921	0%	0
South America	Venezuela (details)	33,221,865	17%[89]	5,647,717
Asia	Vietnam (details)	83,535,576	1%	835,355
Asia	Yemen (details)	20,727,063	Approximately 1%	?
Africa	Zambia (details)	13,500,000	68%	9,180,000
Africa	Zimbabwe (details)	12,100,000	67%	8,107,000
World		7,600,000,000 (2017)	12.1%	920,000,000

By region

The following are summary tables of the numbers and percentages of Protestants in each region. Also included are the percentages of Protestants in the world that reside in that region ("% of Protestant total").

Protestants in Africa

Region	Total Population	Protestants	% Protestant	% of Protestant total
Central Africa	91,561,875	18,322,151	20.01%	3.09%
East Africa	225,488,566	36,965,728	16.39%	6.23%
North Africa	161,963,837	100,300	0.06%	0.01%
Southern Africa	137,092,019	55,432,677	40.44%	9.35%
West Africa	269,935,590	49,230,627	18.24%	8.30%
Total	886,041,887	160,051,482	18.06%	26.99%

Protestants in Asia

Region	Total Population	Protestants	% Protestant	% of Protestant total
Central Asia	92,019,166	308,736	0.34%	0.05%
East Asia	1,527,960,261	25,550,708	1.67%	4.31%
Middle East	271,013,623	680,757	0.25%	0.11%
South Asia	1,437,326,682	9,458,283	0.66%	1.59%
Southeast Asia	571,337,070	26,387,155	4.62%	4.45%
Total	3,899,656,802	62,385,639	1.6%	10.52%

Protestants in Europe

Region	Total Population	Protestants	% Protestant	% of Protestant total
Central Europe	82,033,047	7,803,177	9.51%	1.32%
Eastern Europe	209,198,166	1,389,452	0.66%	0.23%
Northern Europe	191,466,473	104,997,796	54.8%	17.71%
Balkans	65,407,609	1,713,080	2.62%	0.31%
Southern Europe	180,498,923	1,964,538	1.09%	0.33%
Total	728,604,218	117,868,043	16.2%	19.90%

Protestants in the Americas

Region	Total Population	Protestants	% Protestant	% of Protestant total
Caribbean	37,285,819	5,912,490	15.86%	0.99%
Central America	147,338,108	16,376,631	11.12%	2.76%
North America	328,539,175	172,167,236	52.4%	29.03%
South America	371,075,531	44,682,767	12.04%	7.53%
Total	884,238,633	239,139,124	27.05%	40.32%

Protestants in Oceania

Region	Total Population	Protestants	% Protestant	% of Protestant total
Oceania	30,809,781	13,474,012	43.73%	2.27%

Maps

Europe

• 
  Approximate spread of Protestantism after the Reformation and following the Counter-Reformation. Crypto-Protestants are not shown.
• 
  Approximate spread of Protestantism at the Reformation's peak. Crypto-Protestants, Crypto-papists and Crypto-Muslims are not shown.
• 
  The Protestant Reformation at its peak
• 
  After the Counter-Reformation. Crypto-Protestants are not shown.
• 
  After the Edict of Fontainebleau. Crypto-Protestants are not shown.
• 
  Modern spread after the Irish independence, Expulsion of Finns from Karelia and the Expulsions of Germans

World

• 
  Countries by percentage of Protestants in 1545
• 
  Countries by percentage of Protestants in 1710
• 
  Countries by percentage of Protestants in 1938
• 
  Countries by percentage of Protestants in 2010
• 
  Protestant majority countries in 1938
• 
  Protestant majority countries in 2010

See also

• Christianity by country
• Catholic Church by country
• Eastern Orthodoxy by country
• List of Christian denominations by number of members
• List of the largest Protestant denominations
• Oriental Orthodoxy by country

Other religions

• List of religious populations
• Buddhism by country
• Hinduism by country
• Islam by country
• Irreligion § Demographics
• Jewish population by country
• Bahá'í statistics

Notes

1. Most current estimates place the world's Protestant population in the range of 800 million to more than 1 billion. For example, author Hans Hillerbrand estimated a total Protestant population of 833,457,000 in 2004,^[9] while a report by Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary estimated the wider Protestant share at 1,047,295,000 (625,606,000 Protestants+421,689,000 Independents) in mid-2024.^[1]
2. Current sources^[which?] are in general agreement^{[citation needed]} that Christians make up about 33% of the world's population—slightly over 2.4 billion adherents in mid-2015.
3. Estimates for China vary in dozens of millions. Nevertheless, in comparison to the other countries, there is no disagreement that China has the most numerous Protestant minority.
4. Protestant, Independent and Anglican parties are understood as Protestant as stated previously in the article, as well as in the book: Statistics for the P, I and A megablocs are often combined because they overlap so much-hence the order followed here.
5. A flexible term; defined as all forms of Protestantism with the notable exception of the historical denominations deriving from the Protestant Reformation.

References

1. "Status of Global Christianity, 2024, in the Context of 1900–2050" (PDF). Center for the Study of Global Christianity, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
2. "Christian Traditions" (Web). Pew Research Center. 19 December 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
3. Hillerbrand, Hans J. (2 August 2004). Encyclopedia of Protestantism. Routledge. ISBN 9781135960285. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
4. "CCC - Global Statistics". Retrieved 5 December 2015.
5. Clarke, Peter B.; Beyer, Peter (7 May 2009). The World's Religions. ISBN 9781135211004. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
6. Brown, Stephen F.; Palmer, Martin (2009). Protestantism. ISBN 9781604131123. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
7. Noll, Mark A. (25 August 2011). Protestantism: A Very Short Introduction. ISBN 9780191620133. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
8. Jay Diamond, Larry. Plattner, Marc F. and Costopoulos, Philip J. World Religions and Democracy. 2005, page 119. link (saying "Not only do Protestants presently constitute 13 percent of the world's population—about 800 million people—but since 1900 Protestantism has spread rapidly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.")
9. Hillerbrand, Hans J. (2 August 2004). Encyclopedia of Protestantism: 4-volume Set. Routledge. ISBN 9781135960285 – via Google Books.
10. 33.39% of 7.174 billion world population (as of 2014; under the section "People and Society") "World". CIA world facts. 19 October 2021.
11. "Major Religions Ranked by Size". Adherents.com. Archived from the original on 16 August 2000. Retrieved 5 May 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
12. "Global Christianity". Pew Research Center. 19 December 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
13. "Protestant Demographics and Fragmentations". Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
14. "Religious Populations in England". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
15. Thorpe, Edgar (2012). The Pearson General Knowledge Manual 2012. ISBN 9788131761908. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
16. "Protestantism in Bohemia and Moravia (Czech Republic) - Musée virtuel du Protestantisme". Retrieved 14 February 2015.
17. "Tab 7.1 Population by religious belief and by municipality size groups" (PDF) (in Czech). Czso.cz. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
18. "Tab 7.2 Population by religious belief and by regions" (PDF) (in Czech). Czso.cz. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
19. Mastrini, Hana (16 June 2008). Frommer's Prague & the Best of the Czech Republic. ISBN 9780470293232. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
20. Lilla, Mark (31 March 2006). "Europe and the legend of secularization". The New York Times.
21. "Discrimination in the EU in 2019", Special Eurobarometer, 493, European Union: European Commission, p. 230, 2019, retrieved 12 September 2020
22. Witte, John; Alexander, Frank S. (2007). The Teachings of Modern Protestantism on Law, Politics, and Human Nature. ISBN 9780231142632. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
23. Gordon Melton, J. (2005). Encyclopedia of Protestantism. ISBN 9780816069835. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
24. "Study: Christianity growth soars in Africa". USA Today. 20 December 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
25. Ostling, Richard N. (24 June 2001). "The Battle for Latin America's Soul". Time. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
26. "In China, Protestantism's Simplicity Yields More Converts Than Catholicism". International Business Times. 28 March 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
27. Arsenault, Chris (26 March 2012). "Evangelicals rise in Latin America". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
28. Halman, Loek; Riis, Ole (2003). Religion in a Secularizing Society. ISBN 9004126228. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
29. Sengers, Erik; Sunier, Thijl (2010). Religious Newcomers and the Nation State. ISBN 9789059723986. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
30. "Moscow Church Spearheads Russia Revival". Retrieved 14 February 2015.
31. "Protestantism in Postsoviet Russia: An Unacknowledged Triumph" (PDF).
32. Felix Corley and Geraldine Fagan. "Growing Protestants, Catholics Draw Ire". ChristianityToday.com. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
33. Dr.Todd M.Johnson, "Protestans Around the World," World Christian Encyclopedia Edinburgh University Press, 3rd edition, 2019.
34. "In US, Decline of Christianity Continues at Rapid Pace," Pew Research Center, 17 October 2019
35. ""Nones" on the Rise: One-in-Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
36. "BBC News - US Protestants no longer a majority - study". BBC News. 10 October 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
37. "Mainline Churches: The Real Reason for Decline". Retrieved 14 February 2015.
38. Gregory A. Smith, "About Three-in-Ten U.S. Adults Are Now Religiously Unaffiliated," Pew Research Center, 2021/12/14.
39. David Brooks, "The Dissenters Trying to Save Evangelicalism," The New York Times, 6 February 2022, 4-5. Brooks notes the following: "In 2005, 23% of Americans were white evangelical Protestants, according to the Public Religion Research Institute. By 2020, that share was down to 14.5%. By 2020, 22% of Americans 65 and older were white evangelical Protestants. Among adults 18-29, only 7% were."
40. Harriet Zuckerman, Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States New York, The Free Press, 1977, p.68: Protestants turn up among the American-reared laureates in slightly greater proportion to their numbers in the general population. Thus 72 percent of the seventy-one laureates but about two thirds of the American population were reared in one or another Protestant denomination-)
41. Johnstone, Patrick (17 January 2014). The Future of the Global Church: History, Trends and Possibilities. InterVarsity Press. pp. 100–101. ISBN 978-0-8308-5695-4. Fig 4.10 & Fig 4.11 in page 100
42. Hillerbrand, Hans J. (2 August 2004). Encyclopedia of Protestantism: 4-volume set. Routledge. p. 3242. ISBN 978-1-135-96027-8. Observers carefully comparing all these figures in the total context will have observed the even more startling finding that for the first time ever in the history of Protestantism, Wider Protestants will by 2050 have become almost exactly as numerous as Roman Catholics - each with just over 1.5 billion followers, or 17 percent of the world, with Protestants growing considerably faster than Catholics each year.
43. Juergensmeyer, Mark (3 November 2005). Religion in Global Civil Society. Oxford University Press. p. 16. ISBN 9780198040699 – via Google Books.
44. Creencias, valores y actitudes en la sociedad argentina, conicet.gov.ar, 29 January 2020 (Spanish)
45. 2016 Census of Population and General Community (Sheet G14) Australian Bureau of Statistics
46. "Zahlen & Fakten". Evang.at. 16 February 2018. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
47. Bahamas Census 2010
48. "Religion in Latin America". Pew Forum. 13 November 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
49. Religion affiliation in Bolivia as of 2018. Based on Latinobarómetro. Survey period: 15 June to 2 August 2018, 1,200 respondents.
50. "El Papa Francisco y la Religión en Chile y América Latina" Latinobarómetro 1995-2017, Enero 2018
51. "IBGE | Projeção da população". www.ibge.gov.br.
52. - 50% dos brasileiros são católicos, 31%, evangélicos e 10% não têm religião, diz Datafolha. 2020 Retrieved 7 February 2022.
53. "Catholicism and evangelism: the two most common religions in Latin America," Statista, 26 October 2022
54. "Profile Table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
55. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
56. "中国到底有多少基督徒？——基于中国家庭追踪调查的估计" (PDF). 察网. 28 January 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
57. "The Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population". Pew Research Center. 19 December 2011.
58. Klepeis, Alicia Z. (2019). Costa Rica. Bellwether Media. ISBN 9781618915887.
59. Central Intelligence Agency (2019). The CIA World Factbook 2019-2020. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781510750470.
60. "Costa Rica". The World Factbook-16%. 19 October 2021.
61. Murillo, Alvaro (6 March 2018). "Ahora solo la mitad de los ticos se declara católica". Semanario Universidad. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
62. CIA Factbook, 2015
63. "Timor-Leste: Demographic and Health Survey, 2016" (PDF). General Directorate of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Finance & Ministry of Health. p. 35. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
64. "Nationality, Citizenship, and Religion". Government of Timor-Leste. 25 October 2015. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
65. "Latinobarómetro 1995 - 2017: El Papa Francisco y la Religión en Chile y América Latina" (PDF) (in Spanish). January 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
66. Latinobarometro Retrieved 8 February 2018
67. Belonging to a religious community by age and sex, 2000-2022 Statistics Finland
68. CIA World Factbook
69. "Gezählt 2021 - Zahlen und Fakten zum kirchlichen Leben" (PDF). ekd.de. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
70. "Populations by religious organizations 1998-2022". Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
71. "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
72. "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
73. Hackett, Conrad (December 2011). "Global Christianity A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population" (PDF). Pew–Templeton global religious futures project. pp. 19, 27, 57, 60, 75, 83, 90, 119. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021. Estimated 2010 Christian Population 31,850,000 (pages 19, 60, 75) Protestant 18,860,000
74. "Statistik Umat Menurut Agama di Indonesia" (in Indonesian). Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia. 15 May 2018. Archived from the original on 3 September 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020. Muslim 231.069.932 (86.7), Christian 20.246.267 (7.6), Catholic 8.325.339 (3.12), Hindu 4.646.357 (1.74), Buddhist 2.062.150 (0.77), Confucianism 117091 (0.03), Other 299617 (0.13), Not Stated 139582 (0.06), Not Asked 757118 (0.32), Total 237641326
75. Census 2016 Summary Results April 2017, Central Statistics Office, Ireland
76. retrieved 10 December 2022
77. Latinobarometro retrieved 8 February 2018
78. "2018 Census totals by topic – national highlights | Stats NZ". www.stats.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
79. "Table: Christian Population in Numbers by Country". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 19 December 2011. Archived from the original on 16 November 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
80. Church of Norway Statistics Norway
81. Members of Christian communities outside the Church of Norway Statistics Norway
82. "East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Philippines — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. 25 October 2021.
83. Statistik, Bundesamt für. "Religionen". www.bfs.admin.ch (in German). Retrieved 16 March 2019.
84. "Tanzania". 26 October 2021.
85. Gavin Drake, "Survey reveals falling numbers," http://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles2014/20-june/news/uk/survey-reveals-falling-numb...6/25/2014
86. "America's Changing Religious Landscape". Pew Research Center: Religion & Public Life. 12 May 2015.
87. "Protestants decline, more have no religion in a sharply shifting religious landscape (POLL)". ABC News.
88. "In US, Decline of Christianity Continues at Rapid Pace, Pew Research Center, 17 October 2019.
89. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Religion in Venezuela (see pag 41-42)