List of political parties in Spain

This article serves as a list of the political parties in Spain.

Spain has a multi-party system at both the national and regional level, the major parties nationwide being the People's Party (PP) and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

Spain was formerly considered to have a two-party system dominated by the PSOE and the PP;^[1] however, the current makeup has no formation or coalition with enough seats to claim a parliamentary majority in the bicameral Cortes Generales (consisting of both the national Congress of Deputies and regional representation in the Senate). Regional parties can be strong in autonomous communities, notably Catalonia and the Basque Country, and are often essential for national government coalitions.

National political formations of Spain

• People's Party (Partido Popular, PP) — mainstream centre-right party, that is conservative, Catholic and economically liberal and which conforms the largest group in Congress^[2] and Senate and leads the parliamentary opposition. The People's Party originates from the People's Alliance (Alianza Popular, AP) refoundation in 1989.^[3] The party has governed from 1996 to 2004 and from 2011 to 2018.
• Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español, PSOE) — mainstream centre-left social democratic party linked to General Union of Workers (Unión General de Trabajadores, UGT) trade union. The Socialists' Party of Catalonia (Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya, PSC) acts as the party's instance in Catalonia. The party has governed from 1982 to 1996, from 2004 to 2011 and since 2018.
• Vox — a right-wing to far-right party that split from the People's Party in 2014;^[4] their main ideologies are social and national conservatism, economic liberalism and centralism (i.e. strong opposition to Spain's peripheral nationalisms). Vox opposes LGBT movements in Spain^[5] while endorsing anti-LGBT rhetoric abroad,^[6][7] rejects european federalism^[8] and defends narrowing the naturalisation of immigrant individuals of Maghrebi origin.^[9] It has allied to other right-wing to far-right political parties from Latin America,^[10][11] Italian Brothers of Italy^[12] and Hungarian Fidesz.^[13]
• Sumar — a left-wing and progressive electoral platform established in 2022, constituted as an instrumental political party. It conforms an alliance of left-wing formations, some of them formerly comprising the Unidas Podemos and Más País political alliances, including nationwide United Left, Más Madrid, Greens Equo and regional Compromís, Chunta and Batzarre, among others. Like preceding Unidas Podemos, Sumar forms a coalition with governing PSOE.
• We can (Podemos), a left-wing political party founded in 2014 in the aftermath of the 15-M Movement. It was in government as junior partner of the PSOE from 2020 to 2023, within the alliance Unidas Podemos.
• Citizens (Ciudadanos, Cs) — a centre-right^[14] liberal and Spanish nationalist party. It supports a high degree of political decentralization, but it rejects autonomous communities' right to self-determination. Once the third-largest force in Congress, its popular support sharply declined in the November 2019 general election.^[15][16] The party has established an electoral alliance with PP in the Basque Country.^[17] It didn't contest the latest general elections.

Political parties with parliamentary representation

Represented in Cortes Generales

Party or coalition			Ideology	Leader	Deputies	Senators	MEPs	Regional dep.	Councillors	Coalition partners	Notes
		People's Party (PP) Partido Popular	Conservatism Christian democracy	Alberto Núñez Feijóo	137 / 350	140 / 265	22 / 61	452 / 1,258	23,412 / 66,979	PP (88)
		Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) Partido Socialista Obrero Español	Social democracy	Pedro Sánchez	121 / 350	88 / 265	20 / 61	354 / 1,258	20,784 / 66,979	PSOE (102) PSC (19)
		Vox (Vox) Vox	National conservatism Right-wing populism	Santiago Abascal	33 / 350	3 / 265	6 / 61	119 / 1,258	1,695 / 66,979
		Unite (Sumar) Sumar	Progressivism Left-wing populism Green politics	Yolanda Díaz	26 / 350	2 / 265	3 / 61	38 / 1,258	1,995 / 66,979	SMR (10) Comuns (6) IU (5) MM (2)
		We can (Podemos) Podemos	Democratic socialism Left-wing populism	Ione Belarra	5 / 350	0 / 265	2 / 61	17 / 1,258	1,995 / 66,979
		Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya	Catalan independence Left-wing nationalism Social democracy	Oriol Junqueras	7 / 350	6 / 265	1 / 61	33 / 1,258	2,903 / 66,979
		Together for Catalonia (JxCat) Junts per Catalunya	Catalan independence Populism	Laura Borràs	7 / 350	3 / 265	1 / 61	35 / 1,258	2,683 / 66,979
		Basque Country Unite (EH Bildu) Euskal Herria Bildu	Basque independence Abertzale left Socialism	Arnaldo Otegi	6 / 350	5 / 265	1 / 61	30 / 1,258	1,399 / 66,979	Sortu (1) Alternatiba (1)
		Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea Partido Nacionalista Vasco	Basque nationalism Christian democracy Social democracy	Andoni Ortuzar	5 / 350	5 / 265	1 / 61	31 / 1,258	986 / 66,979
		Canarian Coalition (CCa) Coalición Canaria	Regionalism Canarian nationalism Centrism	Fernando Clavijo	1 / 350	1 / 265	0 / 61	19 / 1,258	304 / 66,979
		Commitment Coalition (Compromís) Coalició Compromís	Valencian nationalism Eco-socialism Green politics	Joan Baldoví	1 / 350	1 / 265	1 / 61	15 / 1,258	662 / 66,979		Part of Sumar since June 2023.
		Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) Bloque Nacionalista Galego	Galician nationalism Left-wing nationalism Socialism	Ana Pontón	1 / 350	1 / 265	1 / 61	19 / 1,258	590 / 66,979
		Navarrese People's Union (UPN) Unión del Pueblo Navarro	Conservatism Christian democracy Regionalism	Javier Esparza	1 / 350	1 / 265	0 / 61	15 / 1,258	298 / 66,979
		More for Majorca (Més) Més per Mallorca	Left-wing nationalism Democratic socialism Green politics	Lluís Apesteguia	0 / 350	1 / 265	0 / 61	4 / 1,258	118 / 66,979		Part of Sumar since June 2023.
		Yes to the Future (GBai) Geroa Bai	Basque nationalism Social democracy	Uxue Barkos	0 / 350	1 / 265	0 / 61	7 / 50	50 / 66,979	GSB/GSV EAJ/PNV
		Gomera Socialist Group (ASG) Agrupación Socialista Gomera	Insularism Social democracy	Casimiro Curbelo	0 / 350	1 / 265	0 / 61	3 / 1,258	34 / 66,979
		Independent Herrenian Group (AHI) Agrupación Herreña Independiente	Insularism Canarian nationalism Centrism	Narvay Quintero	0 / 350	1 / 265	0 / 61	1 / 70	9 / 66,979

Represented in regional parliaments

Party or coalition			Ideology	Leader	Regional dep.	Councillors	Region
		Empty Spain (EV) España Vaciada	Localism Ruralism	Tomás Guitarte	6 / 1,258	262 / 66,979
		Forward Andalusia (AA) Adelante Andalucía	Andalusian nationalism Left-wing populism Anti-capitalism	Teresa Rodríguez	2 / 109	8 / 9,067	Andalusia
		Aragonese Party (PAR) Partido Aragonés	Regionalism Centrism	Alberto Izquierdo	1 / 67	334 / 4,155	Aragón
		Aragonese Union (CHA) Chunta Aragonesista	Aragonese nationalism Eco-socialism	Joaquín Palacín	3 / 67	131 / 4,155
		Asturias Forum (Foro) Foro Asturias	Regionalism Conservatism	Carmen Moriyón	1 / 45	38 / 928	Asturias
		More for Menorca (MxMe) Més per Menorca	Left-wing nationalism Democratic socialism Green politics	Manel Martí	2 / 59	20 / 66,979	Balearic Islands
		The Union of Formentera (Sa Unió) Sa Unió de Formentera	Conservatism	Llorenç Córdoba	1 / 59	9 / 66,979
		New Canaries–Canarian Bloc (NC–BC) Nueva Canarias–Bloque Canarista	Canarian nationalism Social democracy	Román Rodríguez	5 / 70	105 / 66,979	Canary Islands
		Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) Partido Regionalista de Cantabria	Regionalism Centrism	Miguel Ángel Revilla	8 / 35	298 / 1,041	Cantabria
		Leonese People's Union (UPL) Unión del Pueblo Leonés	Regionalism Autonomism	Luis Mariano Santos	3 / 81	234 / 5,194	Castile and León (León)
		Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP) Candidatura d'Unitat Popular	Catalan independence Anti-capitalism Socialism	Mireia Vehí	4 / 135	313 / 15,837	Catalonia
		Catalan Alliance (AC) Aliança Catalana	Catalan independence Right-wing populism	Sílvia Orriols	2 / 135	8 / 9,139
		Movement for Dignity and Citizenship (MDyC) Movimiento por la Dignidad y la Ciudadanía	Ceutan autonomism Regionalism	Fatima Hamed	3 / 25		Ceuta
		Ceuta Now! (CY!) Ceuta Ya!	Democratic socialism Ceutan autonomism	Mohamed Mustafa	2 / 25
		Coalition for Melilla (CpM) Coalición por Melilla	Social democracy Progressivism Regionalism	Mustafa Aberchán	5 / 25		Melilla
		We Are Melilla (SML) Somos Melilla	Regionalism	Amin Azmani	1 / 25

Represented in the European Parliament only

Se Acabó La Fiesta was founded right before the 2024 European Parliament election and won 3 seats. It is designated as a grouping of electors rather than as an official political party.

Political parties without representation

• Citizens - Party of the Citizenry (Ciudadanos-Partido de la Ciudadanía, CS) (2006–present)
• Animalist Party with the Environment^[18] (Partido Animalista Con el Medio Ambiente, PACMA) (2003–present)
• Falange Española de las JONS (1976–present)
• Libertarian Party (Partido Libertario) (2009–present)
• Escaños en Blanco [es] (2010–present)
• For a Fairer World (Por un Mundo Más Justo, PM+J) (2004–present)
• Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) (2014–present)
• The Greens–Green Group (Los Verdes–Grupo Verde) (1994–present)
• Humanist Party (Partido Humanista) (1984–present)
• Carlist Party (Partido Carlista) (1970–present)
• Comunión Tradicionalista Carlista [es] (1986–present)
• Pirate Party (Partido Pirata) (2006–present)
• Internet Party (Partido de Internet) (2009–present)
• Authentic Phalanx (Falange Auténtica) (2002–present)
• Confederation of the Greens (Confederación de los Verdes) (1984–present)
• Anticapitalists (Anticapitalistas) (1995–present)
• Overwhelmed and Annoyed Citizens
• Citizens for Blank Votes (Ciudadanos en Blanco) (2002–2022)
• Cannabis Party (Partido Cannabis por la Legalización y la Normalización) (2003–present)
• Party of the Democratic Karma (Partido del Karma Democrático) (2000–present)
• Alianza para el Desarrollo y la Naturaleza
• Iniciativa Socialista de Izquierdas
• Los Parados
• The Eco-pacifist Greens (Los Verdes Ecopacifistas) (1988–present)
• Nueva Izquierda Verde
• Nuevo Partido por la Democracia^[19][20]
• Partido Familia y Vida
• Actúa (2017–present)
• Partido de los Autónomos Jubilados y Viudas
• Republican Alternative (Alternativa Republicana) (2013–present)
• Partido Ibérico
• Partido Mutuo Apoyo Romántico
• Solidaridad y Autogestión Internacionalista (SAIn)
• Foro Centro y Democracia (CYD)
• National Bolshevik Party (Partido Nacional Bolquevique)
• Muerte al Sistema (+MAS+)^[21]
• SOMOS España
• Volt Spain (2018–present)
• Workers' Front

Communist parties

• Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) (1973–present)
• Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) (1973–present)
• Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) (1984–present)
• Communist Party of Spain (Marxist-Leninist) (2006–present)
• Revolutionary Left (2017–present)
• Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) (2019–present)
• Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) (1980–present)
• Internationalist Struggle (LI) (1999–present)
• Marxist–Leninist Party (Communist Reconstruction) (PML(RC)) (2014–present)

Nationalist parties

• National Democracy (1995–present)
• España 2000 (2002–present)
• Spanish Alternative (2003–present)
• National Alliance (2006–present)
• Party for Freedom (2013–present)

Regionalist parties

Andalusia

• Andalusi Party (2023–present)
• Partido Regionalista por Andalucía Oriental (PRAO) [es]

Asturias

• Partíu Asturianista (1985–present)
• Andecha Astur (1990–present)
• Asturian Left (1992–present)
• Unidad Regionalista Asturiana
• Bloc for Asturias (2003–present)
• Coalición Asturiana
• Unidá (2007–present)

Basque Country

• Zutik
• Zornotza Eginez (local)

Cantabria

• Cantabrian Nationalist Council (1995–present)

Castile and León

• Partido de El Bierzo (1979–present)
• Partido Regionalista del País Leonés (1980–present)
• Unidad Regionalista de Castilla y León (1992–present)
• Izquierda Castellana (2002–present)
• Agrupación de Electores Independientes Zamoranos
• Partido de Castilla y León (PCAL) [es]

Catalonia

• Estat Català (1922–present)
• Pirate Party of Catalonia (2010–present)
• National Front of Catalonia (2013–present)

Extremadura

• United Extremadura (1980–present)

Galicia

• Galician People's Front (1986–present)
• Land Party (Partido da Terra) (2011–present)

Madrid

• The Greens of the Community of Madrid (1995–present)

Navarre

• Batzarre (1987–present)

Defunct parties

Defunct major parties

• People's Socialist Party (1968–1978)
• National Union (1979–1982)
• Progressive Federation(1984-1988)
• People's Alliance, refounded as People's Party (1976–1989)
  • Liberal Party, absorbed into the People's Party (1976–1989)
  • People's Democratic Party, absorbed into the People's Party (1982–1989)
• Union of the Democratic Centre (1977–1983), refounded as Democratic and Social Centre (1982–2006) (merged into PP)
• Euskadiko Ezkerra, absorbed into Socialist Party of the Basque Country (1977–1993)
• Majorca Socialist Party, absorbed into PSM–Nationalist Agreement
• Democratic Reformist Party (1983–1986)
• Socialist Action Party(1972-2001)
• Valencian Union (1982–2014)
• Andalusian Party (1965–2015)
• Herri Batasuna (1978–2001), refounded as Batasuna (2001–2013), the political branch of ETA, illegal
  • Euskal Herritarrok (1998–2003), banned
• Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (2002–2008), outlawed
• Convergence and Union (1978–2015)
• Aralar (2000–2017)
• Nafarroa Bai (2004–2015)
• Amaiur (2011–2015) became eh bildu
• Open Left(2012-2018)
• Platform for Catalonia (2002–2019) (merged into Vox)
• Union, Progress and Democracy (2007–2020), a progressive party which ideologically combined social liberalism with centralism from the radical centre of political spectrum. It strongly supported the unity of Spain, thereby being an enemy of Spain's peripheral nationalism.

Defunct minor parties

• National Alliance July 18 (1977)
• Spanish Solidarity (1982–1984)
• Republican Social Movement (1999–2018)
• Basque Nationalist Action (1930-2008), outlawed
• Askatasuna (1998–2009), banned
• Herritarren Zerrenda (2004), banned
• Demokrazia Hiru Milioi (2009), outlawed
• Partido Galeguista (1977–1984)
• Galician Coalition (1983–2012)
• Commoners' Land (1988–2009)
• Alianza por la Unidad Nacional (1995–2005) (Merged into National Alliance)
• Spanish Democratic Party (1996–2008)
• Nós–Unidade Popular (2001–2015)
• Cantabrian Unity (2002–2011)
• Union of the Salamancan People (2002–2014)
• Another Democracy is Possible (2003–2006)
• National Front (2006–2011)
• Unión Centrista Liberal (1978–2014)

Historical parties

Reign of Isabella II and the Sexenio Democrático

• Moderate Party (1834–1874)
• Progressive Party (1834–1874)
• Democratic Party (1849–1869)
• Liberal Union (1858–1874)
• Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
• Radical Democratic Party (1871–1880)
• Federal Democratic Republican Party (1868–1912)
• Constitutional Party (1872–1880)

Bourbon restoration

• Conservative Party (1876–1931)
• Liberal Party (1880–1931)
• Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
• Regionalist League of Catalonia (1901–1936)
• Republican Nationalist Federal Union (1910–1917)
• Republican–Socialist Conjunction (1909–1919)
• Maurist Party (1913–1930)
• Reformist Party (1912–1924)
• Radical Republican Party (1908–1936)
• Spanish Patriotic Union (1924–1930)

Second Spanish Republic

• National Front
  • Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (1933–1937)
    • Popular Action (1930–1933)
  • Spanish Agrarian Party (1934–1936)
  • Spanish Nationalist Party (1930–1936)
  • Spanish Renovation (1933–1937)
  • Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
• Popular Front
  • Republican Left (1934–1959)
  • Republican Union (1934–1958)
  • Syndicalist Party (1934–1976)
  • Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (1935–1980)
• Radical Republican Party (1908–1936)
• Falange Española de las JONS (1934–1937)
  • Falange Española (1933–1934)
  • Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (1931–1934)
• Regionalist League of Catalonia (1901–1936)
• Radical Socialist Republican Party (1929–1934)
• Liberal Republican Right (1930–1936)
• Republican Action (1925–1934)
• Conservative Republican Party (1932–1936)
• Party of the Democratic Centre (1936–1939)

Francoist Spain

During the period of the Francoist Regime from 1939 to 1977, Spain was a One-party state. That means that only one political party, the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FET y de las JONS), was legally allowed to hold power.

• Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (1937–1977)
  • Falange Española de las JONS (1934–1937)
  • Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)

See also

• Politics of Spain
• List of political parties by country
• List of political parties in Catalonia
• List of political parties in Galicia
• Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
• Republicanism in Spain
• Anarchism in Spain
• The far-right in Spain
• Federalism in Spain
• Parties and factions in Isabelline Spain

References

1. "Shake-up in Spain: Reform parties have broken the old two-party cartel - The Washington Post". The Washington Post. 2017-09-29. Archived from the original on 2017-09-29. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
2. "Composición - Congreso de los Diputados". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
3. "Fraga se empleó a fondo para lograr que el congreso de AP cambie el nombre del partido". El País (in Spanish). 1989-01-20. ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
4. "Spanish ruling party rebels launch new conservative party". Reuters. 2014-01-16. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
5. "Vox registra una Ley de Igualdad para derogar las leyes LGTBI en Madrid". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 2021-10-25. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
6. "El discurso contra el colectivo LGTBI de Giorgia Meloni, heredera del fascismo italiano, en un mitin de Vox en Marbella". www.lasexta.com (in Spanish). 2022-06-13. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
7. "Vox muestra su apoyo a Hungría por "no arrodillarse ante la embestida de la ideología LGTB"". El Plural (in Spanish). 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
8. "Abascal firma una declaración sobre el Futuro de Europa con Orban, Marine Le Pen, Georgia Meloni y Salvini". ELMUNDO (in Spanish). 2021-07-02. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
9. González, Miguel (2021-11-10). "Vox quiere endurecer las trabas a la nacionalización de los inmigrantes magrebíes". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-01.
10. "Abascal promueve una carta con políticos americanos contra el comunismo". Infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-01.
11. "Vox estrecha lazos con derecha peruana y suma firmas a su pacto anticomunista". SWI swissinfo.ch (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-01.
12. "Vox y Fratelli d'Italia crean un grupo de trabajo para romper los "cordones sanitarios"". Vozpópuli (in Spanish). 2021-05-19. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
13. Agencias (2021-05-27). "Orban recibe a Abascal en Budapest y el líder de Vox lo señala como su ejemplo para España". elconfidencial.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-01.
14. "Catalonia election: full results". The Guardian.
15. "Ciudadanos in crisis: How Spain's center couldn't hold". POLITICO. 2021-04-26. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
16. Pérez, Fernando J. (2019-11-11). "Ciudadanos pierde en todas las provincias más de la mitad de los votos que obtuvo en abril". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
17. "Ciudadanos pacta con el PP ocupar el segundo puesto de las listas por Álava y Vizcaya en las elecciones vascas". Europa Press. 2020-02-20. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
18. A centre-left party focused on the fight for animal rights, the environment and social justice. The party seeks to ban all sorts of bullfighting events.
19. "La entrevista: 'Somos un ejemplo para los jóvenes'". Pinares Noticias (in Spanish). June 17, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
20. Antón, B. (June 11, 2014). "La vocación por bandera". Diario de Burgos (in Spanish). Retrieved June 27, 2014.
21. "Resultados elecciones generales 2019 - Muerte al Sistema, el Partido RISA y Unión de Todos: estos son los partidos menos votados el 28-A". Vozpópuli (in European Spanish). Europa Press. 2019-04-29. Retrieved 2019-04-30.