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List of political parties in Spain
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article serves as a list of the political parties in Spain.
Spain has a multi-party system at both the national and regional level, the major parties nationwide being the People's Party (PP) and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).
Spain was formerly considered to have a two-party system dominated by the PSOE and the PP;[1] however, the current makeup has no formation or coalition with enough seats to claim a parliamentary majority in the bicameral Cortes Generales (consisting of both the national Congress of Deputies and regional representation in the Senate). Regional parties can be strong in autonomous communities, notably Catalonia and the Basque Country, and are often essential for national government coalitions.
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Political parties with parliamentary representation
Summarize
Perspective
Represented in Cortes Generales
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Represented in regional parliaments
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Represented in the European Parliament only
Se Acabó La Fiesta was founded right before the 2024 European Parliament election and won 3 seats. It is designated as a grouping of electors rather than as an official political party.
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Political parties without representation
Single issue parties
- Party of the Democratic Karma (Partido del Karma Democrático) (2000–present)
- Internet Party (Partido de Internet) (2009–present)
- Escaños en Blanco [es] (2010–present)
- X Party (Partido X) (2012)
- Overwhelmed and Annoyed Citizens
- Partido Ibérico
- Partido de los Autónomos Jubilados y Viudas
Communist parties
- Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) (1973–present)
- Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) (1973–present)
- Revolutionary Workers' Party (1974–present)
- Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) (1980–present)
- Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) (1984–present)
- Anticapitalists (1995–present)
- Internationalist Struggle (LI) (1999–present)
- Corriente Roja (CR) (2002–present)
- Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (M–L)) (2006–present)
- Marxist–Leninist Party (Communist Reconstruction) (PML(RC)) (2014–present)
- Revolutionary Anticapitalist Left (IZAR) (2015–present)
- Workers' Revolutionary Current(CRT) (2017–present)
- Revolutionary Left (IR) (2017–present)
- Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) (2019–present)
Leftist parties
- Workers' Front (2018–present)
- For a Fairer World (Por un Mundo Más Justo, PM+J) (2004–present)
- Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) (2014–present)
- Actúa (2017–present)
- Republican Alternative (Alternativa Republicana) (2013–present)
- Humanist Party (Partido Humanista) (1984–present)
- Carlist Party (Partido Carlista) (1970–present)
- Iniciativa Socialista de Izquierdas
- Nueva Izquierda Verde
- Solidaridad y Autogestión Internacionalista (SAIn)
Progressive parties
- Animalist Party with the Environment[2] (Partido Animalista Con el Medio Ambiente, PACMA) (2003–present)
- The Greens–Green Group (Los Verdes–Grupo Verde) (1994–present)
- Confederation of the Greens (Confederación de los Verdes) (1984–present)
- Cannabis Party (Partido Cannabis por la Legalización y la Normalización) (2003–present)
- The Eco-pacifist Greens (Los Verdes Ecopacifistas) (1988–present)
- Izquierda Española (2023-present)
- Alianza para el Desarrollo y la Naturaleza
Liberal parties
- Citizens - Party of the Citizenry (Ciudadanos-Partido de la Ciudadanía, CS) (2006–present)
- Libertarian Party (Partido Libertario) (2009–present)
- Volt Spain (2018–present)
- Foro Centro y Democracia (CYD)
Conservative parties
- Partido Familia y Vida
- Comunión Tradicionalista Carlista [es] (1986–present)
Nationalist parties
- Falange Española de las JONS (1976–present)
- Spanish Catholic Movement (1981–present)
- National Democracy (1995–present)
- National Workers' Party (Spain) (1999–present)
- España 2000 (2002–present)
- Authentic Phalanx (Falange Auténtica) (2002–present)
- Spanish Alternative (2003–present)
- National Alliance (2006–present)
- Party for Freedom (2013–present)
- Hacer Nación (2020–present)
Regionalist parties
Andalusia
- Andalusian Left (1998–present)
- Andalusian Nation (1999–present)
- Andalusia by Itself (2016–present)
- Andalusi Party (2023–present)
- Partido Regionalista por Andalucía Oriental (PRAO) [es]
Aragon
- Puyalón de Cuchas (2008–present)
Asturias
- Partíu Asturianista (1985–present)
- Andecha Astur (1990–present)
- Asturian Left (1992–present)
- Asturian Renewal Union (1998–present)
- Bloc for Asturias (2003–present)
- Unidá (2007–present)
- Conceyu Abiertu (2011–present)
- Compromisu por Asturies (2011–present)
Baleric Islands
Basque Country
- Zornotza Eginez (local)
Cantabria
- Cantabrian Nationalist Council (1995–present)
Castile and León
- Partido de El Bierzo (1979–present)
- Partido Regionalista del País Leonés (1980–present)
- Unidad Regionalista de Castilla y León (1992–present)
- Izquierda Castellana (2002–present)
- Agrupación de Electores Independientes Zamoranos
- Partido de Castilla y León (PCAL) [es]
Catalonia
- The Greens–Green Alternative (1999–present)
- Catalan Republic Party (2006-present)
- Pirate Party of Catalonia (2010–present)
- Catalan Solidarity for Independence (2010–present)
- National Front of Catalonia (2013–present)
- Som Catalans (2014–present)
- Communists of Catalonia (2014–present)
- Convergents (2017–present)
- We Are Alternative (2017–present)
- Democratic League (2019–present)
- Nationalist Party of Catalonia (2020–present)
- Centrem (2022–present)
- Alhora (2023–present)
Extremadura
- United Extremadura (1980–present)
- Extremaduran Coalition (1995–present)
Galicia
- Galician People's Front (1986–present)
- Convergence XXI (2009-present)
- Land Party (Partido da Terra) (2011–present)
- Pirates of Galicia (2011-present)
- Commitment to Galicia (2012–present)
Madrid
- The Greens of the Community of Madrid (1995–present)
- Municipalist Bench (Bancada municipalista) (2018-present)
- Recover Madrid (2021–present)
Navarre
- Batzarre (1987–present)
Valencia
- Valencian Democrats (2013–present)
Other parties
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National political formations of Spain
- People's Party (Partido Popular, PP) — mainstream centre-right party that is liberal conservative and Christian democratic, which conforms the largest group in the Congress[6] and the Senate, and leads the parliamentary opposition. The People's Party originates from the People's Alliance (Alianza Popular, AP), which refounded in 1989.[7] The party has governed from 1996 to 2004 and from 2011 to 2018.
- Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español, PSOE) — mainstream centre-left social democratic party linked to General Union of Workers (Unión General de Trabajadores, UGT) trade union. The Socialists' Party of Catalonia (Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya, PSC) acts as the party's instance in Catalonia. The party has governed from 1982 to 1996, from 2004 to 2011 and since 2018.
- Vox — a right-wing to far-right party that split from the PP in 2014;[8] its main ideologies are social and national conservatism, economic liberalism and centralism (i.e. strong opposition to Spain's peripheral nationalisms). Vox opposes LGBT movements in Spain[9] while endorsing anti-LGBT rhetoric abroad,[10][11] rejects European federalism[12] and defends narrowing the naturalisation of immigrant individuals of Maghrebi origin.[13] It has allied to similar political parties from Latin America,[14][15] the Italian Brothers of Italy[16] and the Hungarian Fidesz.[17]
- Sumar — a left-wing and progressive electoral platform established in 2022, constituted as an instrumental political party. It conforms an alliance of left-wing formations, some of them formerly comprising the Unidas Podemos and Más País political alliances, including nationwide United Left, Más Madrid, Greens Equo and regional Compromís, Chunta and Batzarre, among others. Like preceding Unidas Podemos, Sumar forms a coalition with governing PSOE.
- We can (Podemos) — a left-wing populist political party founded in 2014 in the aftermath of the 15-M Movement. It was in government as junior partner of the PSOE from 2020 to 2023, within the alliance Unidas Podemos.
- Citizens (Ciudadanos, Cs) — a centre-right[18] liberal and pro-european party. It supports a high degree of political decentralization, but rejects autonomous communities' right to self-determination. Once the third-largest force in Congress, its popular support sharply declined in the November 2019 general election.[19][20] The party didn't contest the latest general elections.
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Defunct parties
Defunct major parties
- Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (1935–1980)
- People's Socialist Party (1968–1978)
- People's Alliance (1976–1989)
- Liberal Party, absorbed into the People's Party (1976–1989)
- People's Democratic Party, absorbed into the People's Party (1982–1989)
- Union of the Democratic Centre (1977–1983)
- National Union (1979–1982)
- Democratic and Social Centre (1982–2006)
- Democratic Reformist Party (1983–1986)
- Communist Unity (1985–1991)
- Ruiz-Mateos Group (1989–1995)
- Liberal Independent Group (1991–2007)
- Democratic Party of the New Left (1996-2001)
- Union, Progress and Democracy (2007–2020)
Andalusia
- Andalusian Party (1965–2015)
Balearic Islands
- Majorca Socialist Party (1977–2013)
Basque Country
- Euskadiko Ezkerra (1977–1993)
- Herri Batasuna (1978–2001)
- Batasuna (2001–2013)
- Euskal Herritarrok (1998–2003)
- Aralar (2000–2017)
- Amaiur (2011–2015)
Catalonia
- Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) (1936–1997)
- Union of the Centre and Christian Democracy of Catalonia (1976-1977)
- Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (1977-2016)
- Democratic Union of Catalonia (1977–2017)
- Convergence and Union (1978–2015)
- Initiative for Catalonia Greens (1987–2019)
- Agreement for Catalonia Progress (2000-2015)
- Catalan European Democratic Party (2016–2023)
- National Call for the Republic (2018–2020)
Ceuta
- Caballas Coalition (2011-2021)
Galicia
- En Marea (2015-2020)
Madrid
- Madrid now (2015–2019)
Navarre
- Convergence of Democrats of Navarre (1995-2011)
- Nafarroa Bai (2004–2015)
- Sum Navarre (2019–2022)
Valencia
- Valencian People's Union (1982-1998)
- Valencian Union (1982–2014)
- Valencian Nationalist Bloc (1999–2021)
- It is Time (2015-2016)
- The Valencian Way (2016)
Defunct minor parties
- Communist Organization of Spain (Red Flag) (1970-1994)
- Revolutionary Communist League (1971–1991)
- Communist Movement (1972–1991)
- Socialist Action Party (1972–2001)
- Communist Workers League (1973–1999)
- Spanish Democratic Socialist Party (1975-1978)
- People's Party (Spain, 1976) (1976-1977)
- Democratic Socialist Alliance (1976-1977)
- Spanish Social Reform (1976-1977)
- Federation of Democratic and Liberal Parties (1976-1978)
- Liberal Progressive Party (1976-1978)
- National Alliance July 18 (1977)
- Independent Spanish Phalanx (1977-2004)
- Liberal Citizens Action (1977-1979)
- Progressive Democratic Party (1978–1980)
- Unión Centrista Liberal (1978–2014)
- Workers' Socialist Party (1979-1993)
- Liberal Democratic Party (1982–1984)
- Spanish Solidarity (1982–1984)
- Liberal Union (1983-1984)
- Progressive Federation (1984–1988)
- Communists' Unity Board (1986)
- Republican Popular Unity (1986–1987)
- National Front(1986-1993)
- The Ecologist Greens (1986-1994)
- Green List (1989)
- Alternative Left (1991–1993)
- Coalition for a New Socialist Party (1992-1996)
- Workers' Revolutionary Party (1994-2002)
- Forum (1991-1995)
- Alianza por la Unidad Nacional (1995–2005)
- Republican Coalition (1996)
- Spanish Democratic Party (1996–2008)
- Republican Social Movement (1999–2018)
- The Phalanx (1999–2024)
- Citizens for Blank Votes (2002–2022)
- Another Democracy is Possible (2003–2006)
- National Front (2006–2011)
- Liberal Democratic Centre (2006–2014)
- Pirate Party (2006–2022)
- Open Left (2012–2018)
- Building the Left–Socialist Alternative (2013-2018)
Andalusia
- Socialist Alliance of Andalusia (1965-1976)
- Andalusian Social Liberal Party (1976-1978)
- Andalusian Liberation (1985-1989)
- Andalusian Progress Party (1993–1996)
- Socialist Party of Andalusia (2001–2011)
- Andalusian Convergence (2006–2013)
Asturias
- Asturian Nationalist Council (1979–1981)
- Ensame Nacionalista Astur (1982–1988)
- Asturian Nationalist Unity (1988–1992)
Balearic Islands
- Socialist Party of the Islands (1976-1977)
- Nationalist Left of the Balearic Islands Federation (1989-1998)
Basque Country
- Basque Nationalist Action (1930–2008)
- Zutik (1991–2011)
- Askatasuna (1998–2009)
- Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (2002–2008)
- Herritarren Zerrenda (2004)
- Demokrazia Hiru Milioi (2009)
Cantabria
- Cantabrian Unity (2002–2011)
Castile and León
- Nationalist Party of Castile and León (1977-2002)
- Commoners' Land (1988–2009)
- Union of the Salamancan People (2002–2014)
Catalonia
- National Front of Catalonia (1940-1990)
- Socialist Party of National Liberation (1968-2015)
- Party of Labour of Catalonia (1969–1980)
- Catalan Workers' Left (1972-1981)
- Socialist Party of National Liberation - Provisional (1974-1979)
- Democratic Left of Catalonia (1975–1978)
- League of Catalonia–Catalan Liberal Party (1976–1977)
- Socialist Party of Catalonia–Regrouping (1976-1978)
- Catalan Centre (1976-1978)
- Social Democratic Party of Catalonia (1976–1988)
- Marxist Unification Movement(1976-1978)
- Communist Collective of Catalonia (1977-1979)
- Democratic Union–Broad Centre (1978–1979)
- Union of the Centre of Catalonia (1978–1981)
- Catalan Workers Bloc (1978-1982)
- Left Bloc for National Liberation (1979-1982)
- Left nationalists (1979–1984)
- Independentists of the Catalan Countries (1979-1985)
- Catalan Solidarity (1980)
- Party of the Communists of Catalonia (1982–2014)
- Movement for Defence of the Land (1984-2014)
- Agreement of Left Nationalists (1985-1987)
- Union of the Catalan Left (1986-1987)
- Party for Independence (1990-1999)
- The Greens–Ecologist Confederation of Catalonia (1994–2001)
- In Struggle (1994–2016)
- Citizens for Change (1999–2011)
- Platform for Catalonia (2002–2019)
- Catalan democracy (2010-2015)
- New Catalan Left (2012–2014)
- Free (2016–2022)
- Braves (2019–2023)
Extremadura
- Independent Socialists of Extremadura (1994–2018)
Galicia
- Galician Democratic Party (1976-1978)
- Partido Galeguista (1977–1984)
- Galician Coalition (1983–2012)
- Centrists of Galicia (1985–1991)
- Inzar (1991–2012)
- Nationalist Left (1992–2012)
- Primeira Linha (1998–2015)
- Nós–Unidade Popular (2001–2015)
- Cerna (2014-2018)
Navarre
- Foral Democratic Union (1987–1991)
Valencia
- Communist Party of the Valencians (1987-1991)
- Nationalist Valencian Party (1990-2000)
- Valencian Coalition (2014-2011)
- The Greens–Ecologist Left of the Valencian Country (2004–2014)
- Gent de compromís (2013-2019)
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Historical parties
Summarize
Perspective
Reign of Isabella II and the Sexenio Democrático
- Moderate Party (1834–1874)
- Progressive Party (1834–1874)
- Democratic Party (1849–1869)
- Liberal Union (1858–1874)
- Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
- Radical Democratic Party (1871–1880)
- Federal Democratic Republican Party (1868–1912)
- Constitutional Party (1872–1880)
Bourbon restoration
- Conservative Party (1876–1931)
- Liberal Party (1880–1931)
- Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
- Regionalist League of Catalonia (1901–1936)
- Republican Nationalist Federal Union (1910–1917)
- Republican–Socialist Conjunction (1909–1919)
- Maurist Party (1913–1930)
- Reformist Party (1912–1924)
- Radical Republican Party (1908–1936)
- Spanish Patriotic Union (1924–1930)
Second Spanish Republic
- National Front
- Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (1933–1937)
- Popular Action (1930–1933)
- Spanish Agrarian Party (1934–1936)
- Spanish Nationalist Party (1930–1936)
- Spanish Renovation (1933–1937)
- Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
- Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (1933–1937)
- Popular Front
- Republican Left (1934–1959)
- Republican Union (1934–1958)
- Syndicalist Party (1934–1976)
- Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (1935–1980)
- Radical Republican Party (1908–1936)
- Falange Española de las JONS (1934–1937)
- Falange Española (1933–1934)
- Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (1931–1934)
- Regionalist League of Catalonia (1901–1936)
- Radical Socialist Republican Party (1929–1934)
- Liberal Republican Right (1930–1936)
- Republican Action (1925–1934)
- Conservative Republican Party (1932–1936)
- Party of the Democratic Centre (1936–1939)
Francoist Spain
During the period of the Francoist Regime from 1939 to 1977, Spain was a one-party state. That means that only one political party, the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FET y de las JONS), was legally allowed to hold power.
- Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (1937–1977)
- Falange Española de las JONS (1934–1937)
- Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
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See also
References
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