PPP2R1A

Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPP2R1A gene.^[5] In the plant Arabidopsis thaliana a similar enzyme is encoded by the RCN1 gene (At1g25490).^[6]

PPP2R1A
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1B3U, 2IE3, 2IE4, 2NPP, 2NYL, 2NYM, 2PKG, 3C5W, 3DW8, 3K7V, 3K7W, 4I5L, 4I5N, 4LAC,%%s2IE4, 2NPP, 2IE3, 3K7V, 3K7W
Identifiers
Aliases	PPP2R1A, PP2A-Aalpha, PP2AAALPHA, PR65A, MRD36, protein phosphatase 2 scaffold subunit Aalpha, PP2AA
External IDs	OMIM: 605983; MGI: 1926334; HomoloGene: 68559; GeneCards: PPP2R1A; OMA:PPP2R1A - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 19 (human)[1] Band 19q13.41 Start 52,190,048 bp[1] End 52,229,518 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 17 (mouse)[2] Band 17|17 A3.2 Start 21,165,573 bp[2] End 21,186,178 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in apex of heart ganglionic eminence right frontal lobe right hemisphere of cerebellum ventricular zone right adrenal cortex prefrontal cortex cingulate gyrus right auricle left adrenal cortex Top expressed in vestibular membrane of cochlear duct motor neuron facial motor nucleus primitive streak endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel anterior horn of spinal cord vas deferens ciliary body medial ganglionic eminence hair follicle More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity protein binding protein heterodimerization activity protein phosphatase regulator activity protein antigen binding Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol microtubule cytoskeleton protein phosphatase type 2A complex chromosome mitochondrion chromosome, centromeric region extracellular exosome nucleus plasma membrane membrane lateral plasma membrane dendrite cell projection synapse glutamatergic synapse Biological process apoptotic process regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric regulation of transcription, DNA-templated ceramide metabolic process regulation of DNA replication chromosome segregation protein dephosphorylation meiotic spindle elongation female meiotic nuclear division response to organic substance positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation regulation of Wnt signaling pathway regulation of cell adhesion G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle negative regulation of cell growth RNA splicing regulation of cell differentiation regulation of growth mitotic nuclear membrane reassembly mitotic sister chromatid separation nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay second-messenger-mediated signaling ciliary basal body-plasma membrane docking negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity protein-containing complex assembly Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 5518 51792 Ensembl ENSG00000105568 ENSMUSG00000007564 UniProt P30153 Q76MZ3 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_014225 NM_001363656 NM_016891 RefSeq (protein) NP_055040 NP_001350585 NP_055040.2 NP_058587 Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 52.19 – 52.23 Mb Chr 17: 21.17 – 21.19 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

This gene encodes a constant regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2. Protein phosphatase 2 is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The constant regulatory subunit A serves as a scaffolding molecule to coordinate the assembly of the catalytic subunit and a variable regulatory B subunit. This gene encodes an alpha isoform of the constant regulatory subunit A.^[7]

Interactions

PPP2R1A has been shown to interact with:

• CTTNBP2NL,^[8]
• FAM40A,^[8]
• PPP2CB,^[8][9] PPP2CA,^[8][9] PPP4C,^[10]
• PPP2R2A,^[8][9]
• PPP2R3B,^[8][9]
• PPP2R5A.^[8][9]
• STK24,^[8][11]
• STRN,^[8] and
• STRN3.^[8]

Arabidopsis RCN1

RCN1 At1g25490 is one of three genes in Arabidopsis encoding Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 2A Regulatory Subunit A (PP2Aa). The association of different b subunits with a PP2Aa-PP2ac dimer is believed to determine substrate specificity.

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000105568 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000007564 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Everett AD, Xue C, Stoops T (August 1999). "Developmental expression of protein phosphatase 2A in the kidney". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 10 (8): 1737–45. doi:10.1681/ASN.V1081737. PMID 10446941.
6. Haynes JG, Hartung AJ, Hendershot JD, Passingham RS, Rundle SJ (February 1999). "Molecular characterization of the B' regulatory subunit gene family of Arabidopsis protein phosphatase 2A". Eur. J. Biochem. 260 (1): 127–136. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00154.x. PMID 10091592.
7. "Entrez Gene: PPP2R1A protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), regulatory subunit A, alpha isoform".
8. Goudreault M, D'Ambrosio LM, Kean MJ, Mullin MJ, Larsen BG, Sanchez A, Chaudhry S, Chen GI, Sicheri F, Nesvizhskii AI, Aebersold R, Raught B, Gingras AC (January 2009). "A PP2A phosphatase high density interaction network identifies a novel striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase complex linked to the cerebral cavernous malformation 3 (CCM3) protein". Mol. Cell. Proteomics. 8 (1): 157–171. doi:10.1074/mcp.M800266-MCP200. PMC 2621004. PMID 18782753.
9. Zhou J, Pham HT, Ruediger R, Walter G (January 2003). "Characterization of the Aalpha and Abeta subunit isoforms of protein phosphatase 2A: differences in expression, subunit interaction, and evolution". Biochem. J. 369 (Pt 2): 387–98. doi:10.1042/BJ20021244. PMC 1223084. PMID 12370081.
10. Chen GI, Tisayakorn S, Jorgensen C, D'Ambrosio LM, Goudreault M, Gingras AC (October 2008). "PP4R4/KIAA1622 forms a novel stable cytosolic complex with phosphoprotein phosphatase 4". J. Biol. Chem. 283 (43): 29273–29284. doi:10.1074/jbc.M803443200. PMC 2662017. PMID 18715871.
11. Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, McBroom-Cerajewski L, Robinson MD, O'Connor L, Li M, Taylor R, Dharsee M, Ho Y, Heilbut A, Moore L, Zhang S, Ornatsky O, Bukhman YV, Ethier M, Sheng Y, Vasilescu J, Abu-Farha M, Lambert JP, Duewel HS, Stewart II, Kuehl B, Hogue K, Colwill K, Gladwish K, Muskat B, Kinach R, Adams SL, Moran MF, Morin GB, Topaloglou T, Figeys D (2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Mol. Syst. Biol. 3 (1): 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC 1847948. PMID 17353931.

Further reading

• Zolnierowicz S (2000). "Type 2A protein phosphatase, the complex regulator of numerous signaling pathways". Biochem. Pharmacol. 60 (8): 1225–1235. doi:10.1016/S0006-2952(00)00424-X. PMID 11007961.
• Walter G, Ruediger R, Slaughter C, Mumby M (1990). "Association of protein phosphatase 2A with polyoma virus medium tumor antigen". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (7): 2521–2525. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.2521W. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.7.2521. PMC 53721. PMID 2157202.
• Hemmings BA, Adams-Pearson C, Maurer F, Mueller P, Goris J, Merlevede W, Hofsteenge J, Stone SR (1990). "alpha- and beta-forms of the 65-kDa subunit of protein phosphatase 2A have a similar 39 amino acid repeating structure". Biochemistry. 29 (13): 3166–3173. doi:10.1021/bi00465a002. PMID 2159327.
• Walter G, Ferre F, Espiritu O, Carbone-Wiley A (1989). "Molecular cloning and sequence of cDNA encoding polyoma medium tumor antigen-associated 61-kDa protein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 (22): 8669–8672. Bibcode:1989PNAS...86.8669W. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.22.8669. PMC 298349. PMID 2554323.
• McCright B, Virshup DM (1995). "Identification of a new family of protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunits". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (44): 26123–26128. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.44.26123. PMID 7592815.
• Ruediger R, Hentz M, Fait J, Mumby M, Walter G (1994). "Molecular model of the A subunit of protein phosphatase 2A: interaction with other subunits and tumor antigens". J. Virol. 68 (1): 123–9. doi:10.1128/JVI.68.1.123-129.1994. PMC 236271. PMID 8254721.
• Zolnierowicz S, Van Hoof C, Andjelković N, Cron P, Stevens I, Merlevede W, Goris J, Hemmings BA (1996). "The variable subunit associated with protein phosphatase 2A0 defines a novel multimember family of regulatory subunits". Biochem. J. 317 (1): 187–94. doi:10.1042/bj3170187. PMC 1217462. PMID 8694763.
• Tung HY, De Rocquigny H, Zhao LJ, Cayla X, Roques BP, Ozon R (1997). "Direct activation of protein phosphatase-2A0 by HIV-1 encoded protein complex NCp7:vpr". FEBS Lett. 401 (2–3): 197–201. Bibcode:1997FEBSL.401..197T. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(96)01470-6. PMID 9013886. S2CID 23293768.
• Ruediger R, Brewis N, Ohst K, Walter G (1998). "Increasing the ratio of PP2A core enzyme to holoenzyme inhibits Tat-stimulated HIV-1 transcription and virus production". Virology. 238 (2): 432–443. doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8873. PMID 9400615.
• Ruediger R, Fields K, Walter G (1999). "Binding specificity of protein phosphatase 2A core enzyme for regulatory B subunits and T antigens". J. Virol. 73 (1): 839–42. doi:10.1128/JVI.73.1.839-842.1999. PMC 103900. PMID 9847399.
• Groves MR, Hanlon N, Turowski P, Hemmings BA, Barford D (1999). "The structure of the protein phosphatase 2A PR65/A subunit reveals the conformation of its 15 tandemly repeated HEAT motifs". Cell. 96 (1): 99–110. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80963-0. PMID 9989501. S2CID 14465060.
• Hong Y, Sarge KD (1999). "Regulation of protein phosphatase 2A activity by heat shock transcription factor 2". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (19): 12967–12970. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.19.12967. PMID 10224043.
• Yan Z, Fedorov SA, Mumby MC, Williams RS (2000). "PR48, a novel regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, interacts with Cdc6 and modulates DNA replication in human cells". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (3): 1021–1029. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.3.1021-1029.2000. PMC 85219. PMID 10629059.
• Husi H, Ward MA, Choudhary JS, Choudhary JS, Blackstock WP (2000). "Proteomic analysis of NMDA receptor-adhesion protein signaling complexes". Nat. Neurosci. 3 (7): 661–669. doi:10.1038/76615. hdl:1842/742. PMID 10862698. S2CID 14392630.
• Ruteshouser EC, Ashworth LK, Huff V (2001). "Absence of PPP2R1A mutations in Wilms tumor". Oncogene. 20 (16): 2050–2054. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204301. PMID 11360189.
• Lubert EJ, Hong Y, Sarge KD (2001). "Interaction between protein phosphatase 5 and the A subunit of protein phosphatase 2A: evidence for a heterotrimeric form of protein phosphatase 5". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (42): 38582–38587. doi:10.1074/jbc.M106906200. PMID 11504734.
• Elder RT, Yu M, Chen M, Zhu X, Yanagida M, Zhao Y (2001). "HIV-1 Vpr induces cell cycle G2 arrest in fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) through a pathway involving regulatory and catalytic subunits of PP2A and acting on both Wee1 and Cdc25". Virology. 287 (2): 359–370. doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1007. PMID 11531413.
• Li X, Virshup DM (2002). "Two conserved domains in regulatory B subunits mediate binding to the A subunit of protein phosphatase 2A". Eur. J. Biochem. 269 (2): 546–552. doi:10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02680.x. PMID 11856313.