Oliver Stone

For the English cricketer, see Olly Stone. For the American portrait painter, see William Oliver Stone.

William Oliver Stone (born (1946-09-15)September 15, 1946) is an American filmmaker.^[1][2][3] Stone is an acclaimed director, tackling subjects ranging from the Vietnam War and American politics to musical biopics and crime dramas. He has received numerous accolades including three Academy Awards, a BAFTA Award, a Primetime Emmy Award, and five Golden Globe Awards.

Oliver Stone
Stone in 2016
Born	William Oliver Stone (1946-09-15) September 15, 1946 (age 78) New York City, U.S.
Alma mater	Yale University New York University (BFA)
Occupations	Film director screenwriter producer author
Years active	1971–present
Spouses	Najwa Sarkis ​ ​ (m. 1971; div. 1977)​ Elizabeth Burkit Cox ​ ​ (m. 1981; div. 1993)​ Sun-jung Jung ​ (m. 1996)​
Children	3, including Sean Stone
Awards	Full list
Military career
Allegiance	United States
Service / branch	United States Army United States Merchant Marine
Years of service	1966 (Merchant Marine) 1967–1973 (Army)
Unit	25th Infantry Division 1st Cavalry Division
Battles / wars	Vietnam War

Stone was born in New York City and later briefly attended Yale University. In 1967, Stone enlisted in the United States Army during the Vietnam War. He served from 1967 to 1968 in the 25th Infantry and 1st Cavalry Divisions and was twice wounded in action. For his service, he received military honors including a Bronze Star with "V" Device for valor, Purple Heart with Oak Leaf Cluster (to denote two wounds), an Air Medal and the Combat Infantryman Badge. His service in Vietnam would be the basis for his films depicting the brutality of war.

Stone started his film career writing the screenplays for Midnight Express (1978), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay; Conan the Barbarian (1982); and Scarface (1983). He then rose to prominence as writer and director of the Vietnam War film dramas Platoon (1986) and Born on the Fourth of July (1989), receiving Academy Awards for Best Director for both films, the former of which also won Best Picture. He also directed Salvador (1986), Wall Street (1987) and its sequel Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps (2010), The Doors (1991), JFK (1991), Heaven & Earth (1993), Natural Born Killers (1994), Nixon (1995), Any Given Sunday (1999), W. (2008) and Snowden (2016). Collectively, his films have grossed $1.3 billion worldwide.^[4]

Many of Stone's films focus on controversial American political issues during the late 20th century, and as such were considered contentious at the times of their releases. Stone has been critical of the American foreign policy, which he considers to be driven by nationalist and imperialist agendas. He has approved of politicians Hugo Chávez and Vladimir Putin, the latter of whom was the subject of The Putin Interviews (2017).^[5] Like his subject matter, Stone is a controversial figure in American filmmaking, with some critics accusing him of promoting conspiracy theories.^{[6][7][8][9][10]}

Early life

WIlliam Oliver Stone was born on September 15, 1946 at Doctors Hospital in New York City, the only child of Jacqueline (née Goddet)^[11] and Louis Stone (born Abraham Louis Silverstein), a stockbroker.^[12] His parents met in his mother's hometown of Paris during World War II where his father, a U.S. Army colonel, served as a financial officer on General Eisenhower's staff.^[13][14] Stone's paternal great-grandparents were Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants from Poland. His grandfather, Joshua Silverstein, owned and operated successful skirt-making companies in New York City and New Jersey.^[15] His aunt was author and editor Babette Rosmond and his cousins are writer Gene Stone and former chairman of the United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission James Stone.^[16] The family changed its surname from Silverstein to Stone in the 1920's due to rampant antisemitism in the United States. Stone himself grew up in Manhattan and Stamford, Connecticut. While his American father was Jewish, his French mother was Roman Catholic, though both were non-practicing.^[17] Stone was raised in the Episcopal Church^[18][19] and now practices Buddhism.^[20]

Stone attended kindergarten through eighth grade at Trinity School in New York City before being sent to The Hill School, a college-preparatory boarding school in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. In 1962, his parents divorced abruptly while he was at The Hill and this, because he was an only child, marked him deeply. Stone’s father was awarded sole physical and legal custody and, because his mother was often absent, his father had a dominant influence on his life. This may explain why father-son relationships are a recurring theme in Stone's films.^[21] Stone's main caregiver in childhood was his male nanny, Karlo Stojanac. A Yugoslavian Holocaust survivor, Stojanac was openly gay and a Socialist, both unusual for the time period. Describing their relationship as "extraordinarily close," Stone added that Stojanac "was my mentor in many ways. He took care of me and he loved me."^[22]

He often spent summers with his maternal grandparents in France, both in Paris and La Ferté-sous-Jouarre in Seine-et-Marne, where he was fascinated by his grandfather's stories of serving in the French Army during World War I. At 17, Stone worked as a runner in the Paris Commodities Exchange, a job that later proved inspirational for his film Wall Street. He speaks French fluently.^[23]

Stone graduated from The Hill School in 1964 and was admitted to Yale University, but left in June 1965 at age 18^[13][24] to teach high school students English for six months in Saigon at the Free Pacific Institute in South Vietnam.^[25] Afterwards, he worked for a short while as a wiper on a United States Merchant Marine ship in 1966, traveling from Asia to the US across the rough Pacific Ocean in January.^[26] He returned to Yale, where he dropped out a second time (in part due to working on an autobiographical novel A Child's Night Dream, published in 1997 by St. Martin's Press).^[27] During this period, Stone also battled severe depression.^[28]

U.S. Army

In April 1967, Stone enlisted in the United States Army and requested combat duty in Vietnam. From September 27, 1967, to February 23, 1968, he served in Vietnam with 2nd Platoon, B Company, 3rd Battalion, 22nd Infantry Regiment, 25th Infantry Division. In October 1967, Stone was medevaced after being shot in the neck during a night ambush, a wound which nearly severed his jugular vein. While fighting in the New Year's Battle of 1968, he was knocked unconscious and had his eardrum perforated by the concussive blast of a beehive round, which resulted in permanent hearing damage. (As he did not leave duty or receive medical treatment, this injury did not qualify for a Purple Heart. As a result, Stone often refers to himself as "twice wounded," referencing only the injuries for which he did receive Purple Hearts.) On January 15, 1968, Stone was wounded and evacuated from the 25th Infantry Division for the final time, when - while attempting to aid other injured personnel - a satchel charge implanted in a tree detonated, causing a blast concussion and shrapnel wounds to his legs and buttocks.^[29]

Following a month-long hospital stay, Stone briefly served transitional duty as a military policeman in Saigon. He was then transferred to the 1st Cavalry Division, participating in long-range reconnaissance patrols, before being transferred permanently to Troop D, 1st Squadron of the 9th Cavalry Regiment of the 1st Cav. While serving with that unit on August 21, 1968, Stone charged and killed a North Vietnamese sniper who had several squads pinned down during a crossfire firefight near My Khe beach (nicknamed "China Beach" by the U.S. Army). For that action, he was awarded the Bronze Star with "V" Device for "heroism in ground combat."^[30][31] He was released from active duty on November 15, 1968 and officially discharged from the Army on April 1, 1973.^[32]

In addition to the Bronze Star, his military awards include the Purple Heart with Oak Leaf Cluster to denote two awards, the Air Medal, the Army Commendation Medal, Sharpshooter Badge with Rifle Bar, Marksman Badge with Auto Rifle Bar, the National Defense Service Medal, the Vietnam Service Medal with one Silver Service Star, the Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Unit Citation with Palm, two Overseas Service Bars, the Vietnam Campaign Medal and the Combat Infantryman Badge.^[32]

After the war

On June 30, 1969, the French news program Voila interviewed a then-unknown Stone while filming "on the street" interviews about the war in Central Park. In fluent French, he told them, "My name is Oliver Stone, I’m 22 years old, I’m from New York, and my mother is French from Paris. I served in Vietnam with the American Army for 15 months and I returned to the United States six months ago. It changed me. It changes a lot of boys." He added that drug use was rampant among American soldiers.^[33]

Following the war, Stone suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder.^[34] His PTSD was compounded by a violent mugging he experienced in the East Village in the summer of 1969, during which he sustained defensive knife wounds.^[35] Stone has also described long-term physical complications from his military service, specifically combat induced hearing loss and tinnitus, minor discomfort from shrapnel still embedded in his body, and fertility issues he believes were caused by Agent Orange exposure.^[36][37] In 2024, he commemorated the 50th anniversary of the Vietnam War's conclusion by sharing his reflections during panel discussions at the Harvard Institute of Politics^[38] and San Diego State University's Center for War and Society.^[39] Stone is also an honorary board member of the nonprofit organizations Veterans for Peace and The National Veterans Foundation.^[40]

Awards and honors (while with the U.S. Army)

Source:^[32]

Writing and directing career

1970s and 1980s

Stone attended New York University on the G.I. Bill, graduating with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in film in 1971, where his teachers included director and fellow NYU alumnus Martin Scorsese.^[41] The same year, he had a small acting role in the comedy The Battle of Love's Return.^[42] In Scorsese's class, Stone made a short, well received 12-minute film about a disabled veteran, Last Year in Viet Nam. He also worked as a taxi driver, production assistant, messenger, and salesman before making his mark in film as a screenwriter in the late 1970's.

In 1979, Stone was awarded his first Oscar, after adapting true-life prison story Midnight Express into the successful film of the same name for British director Alan Parker (the two men would later collaborate on the 1996 movie of stage musical Evita). The original author, Billy Hayes, around whom the film is set, said the film's depiction of prison conditions was accurate. Hayes said that the "message of Midnight Express isn't, 'Don't go to Turkey. It's, 'Don't be an idiot like I was, and try to smuggle drugs.' "^[43] Stone later apologized to Turkey for over-dramatizing the script, while standing by the film's stark depiction of the brutality of Turkish prisons.^[44]

Stone in February 1987

Stone continued to write feature films, including Brian De Palma's drug lord epic Scarface, loosely inspired by his own addiction to cocaine, which he successfully kicked while working on the screenplay.^[45] He also penned Year of the Dragon (co-written with Michael Cimino) featuring Mickey Rourke, before his career took off as a writer-director in 1986. Like his contemporary Michael Mann, Stone is unusual in having written or co-written most of the films he has directed. In 1986, Stone directed two films back to back: the critically acclaimed but commercially unsuccessful Salvador, shot largely in Mexico, and his long in-development Vietnam project Platoon, shot in the Philippines.

Platoon brought Stone's name to a much wider audience. It also kick-started a busy directing career which saw him direct nine films over the next decade. Platoon won rave reviews (Roger Ebert named it the best film of 1986 and later called it the ninth best film of the decade), massive commercial success, and Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Director. In 2007, a film industry vote ranked it at number 83 in an American Film Institute "AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies" poll of the previous century's best American movies. British TV channel Channel 4 voted Platoon as the sixth greatest war film ever made.^[46] In 2019, Platoon was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."^[47]

While Platoon was about Stone's own experience in combat, he followed it with two other films showing different perspectives of the Vietnam War. In 1989, he co-wrote and directed Born on the Fourth of July, based on the autobiography of Ron Kovic, a Marine who became an anti-war activist after being paralyzed in combat. The film was a critical success, receiving eight Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, and earning Stone his second Best Director Oscar. It was also a commercial success, grossing $161 million against a budget of just $17.8 million to become the tenth highest-grossing film of that year. ^[48] Heaven & Earth (1993) was the final film in his unofficial Vietnam trilogy, written and directed by Stone based on the memoirs of Le Ly Hayslip, a Vietnamese woman whose life was drastically changed by the war and its aftermath.

Immediately following the success of Platoon, Stone co-wrote and directed another hit, 1987's Wall Street, starring Charlie Sheen and Michael Douglas, who received the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as ruthless corporate raider Gordon Gekko. After Wall Street, Stone co-wrote and directed Talk Radio, based on Eric Bogosian's Pulitzer-nominated play. The film was nominated for the Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival and Stone received his third Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Director.

1990s and 2000s

In 1990, Stone produced the Oscar-winning movie Reversal of Fortune. The following year, he co-wrote and directed The Doors. The film received criticism from former Doors keyboardist Ray Manzarek and Jim Morrison's former girlfriend, Patricia Kennealy-Morrison, who was a consultant on the movie (she also makes a cameo appearance). However, she later wrote in her memoir Strange Days: My Life With and Without Jim Morrison that Stone ignored her feedback and proceeded with his own version of events.^[49] The other surviving former members of the band, John Densmore and Robby Krieger, also cooperated with the filming of The Doors, but Krieger distanced himself before the film's release. However, Densmore thought highly of the film,^[50] and celebrated its DVD release on a panel with Oliver Stone.

During the same year, Stone co-wrote and directed one of his most ambitious, controversial and successful films: JFK, depicting the assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963 and its aftermath. The film was a huge commercial success and earned eight Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture and Best Director. Stone also published an annotated version of the screenplay shortly after the film's released, adding, "I make my films like you're going to die if you miss the next minute. You better not go get popcorn."^[51] Due to public reaction to the film, Congress passed the President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act of 1992 ("JFK Records Act"), directing the National Archives and Records Administration to collect and house all assassination-related records and release them by 2017. The act also established the Assassination Records Review Board (ARRB), whose work was the subject of Stone's 2021 documentary miniseries JFK: Destiny Betrayed. On April 27, 1992 Stone testified before the House Government Operations Subcommittee on Legislation and National Affairs in support of the act's passage. In introducing Stone at the hearing, chairman Rep. John Conyers Jr. stated: "You are probably the reason that we're all here today. You've moved the country and your Congress to immediate activity."^[52]

In 1994, Stone co-wrote and directed Natural Born Killers, a violent crime film intended to satirize the modern media. The film had originally been based on a screenplay by Quentin Tarantino, but underwent significant rewriting by Stone, Richard Rutowski, and David Veloz.^[53] Before it was released, the MPAA gave the film a NC-17 rating; this caused Stone to cut four minutes of film footage to obtain an R rating (he eventually released the unrated version on VHS and DVD in 2001). The film was the recipient of the Grand Special Jury Prize at the Venice Film Festival.^[54] That same year, Stone appeared in a cameo as himself in the presidential comedy Dave and produced The Joy Luck Club, the second American film to feature a majority Asian cast telling a contemporary Asian-American story.

Stone and Argentina's President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, January 14, 2009

Stone went on to co-write and direct the 1995 Richard Nixon biopic Nixon, which received Oscar nominations for the script, John Williams' score, Joan Allen's performance as Pat Nixon and Anthony Hopkins' portrayal of the title role. In 1996, Stone produced the films Freeway and The People vs. Larry Flynt and was credited as co-writer of Evita (as it was based on his original adaptation of the stage musical). He finished the decade by co-writing and directing the 1997 film noir U Turn and 1999's Any Given Sunday, a film about power struggles within an American football team.

After over a decade (1986-1999), wherein he wrote and directed a new film almost every year, Stone slowed his pace at the turn of the century. He first released his historical epic Alexander in 2004, but it was a notorious box office flop. He later re-edited it into a two-part, 3-hour 37-minute film Alexander Revisited: The Final Cut, which became one of the highest-selling catalog items from Warner Bros.^[55] He further refined the film and in 2014 released the two-part, 3-hour 26-minute Alexander: The Ultimate Cut. After Alexander, Stone directed World Trade Center, based on the true story of two PAPD policemen who were trapped in the rubble and survived the September 11 attacks. The film was a commercial success. Stone then wrote and directed the George W. Bush biopic W., which chronicles the president's life up until the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

2010s and 2020s

The cast of Snowden speaking at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con

In 2010, Stone directed his only sequel, Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps.^[56] Two years later, he directed the crime thriller Savages, based on the novel by Don Winslow.

In 2016, Stone directed Snowden, starring Joseph Gordon-Levitt as whistleblower Edward Snowden. The film received mixed reviews from critics and was not a commercial success. As of 2025, it remains Stone's final narrative feature film. On May 22, 2017, various industry papers announced that Stone was going to direct his first scripted television series about the Guantanamo detention camp for Weinstein Television.^{[57][58][59][60]} However, Stone quit the project after sexual misconduct allegations surfaced against Harvey Weinstein in October 2017 and it was never made.^[61]

In 2020, Stone announced his semi-retirement from film-making, though he still occasionally makes documentaries.^[62] In July of that same year, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt published his first memoir, Chasing the Light: Writing, Directing, and Surviving Platoon, Midnight Express, Scarface, Salvador, and the Movie Game, which chronicles his turbulent upbringing in New York City, volunteering for combat in Vietnam, and the trials and triumphs of moviemaking in the 1970s and '80s. The book, which ends on his Oscar-winning Platoon, was praised by The New York Times: "The Oliver Stone depicted in these pages – vulnerable, introspective, stubbornly tenacious and frequently heartbroken—may just be the most sympathetic character he's ever written... neatly sets the stage for the possibility of that rarest of Stone productions: a sequel."^[63] In 2024, he announced that he was writing a follow-up memoir for Simon & Schuster.^[64] Also in 2024, Stone donated his archives to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.^[65]

Unrealized projects

Main article: Oliver Stone's unrealized projects

Documentaries

Stone with Hugo Chávez at the Venice International Film Festival, July 9, 2009, for the screening of South of the Border

In the 21st century, Stone increasingly shifted to making documentaries. His first, Comandante (2003), about Cuban leader Fidel Castro, was followed by two sequels: Looking for Fidel (2004) and Castro in Winter (2012). Also in 2003, Stone made Persona Non Grata, an HBO documentary on Israeli-Palestinian relations, in which he interviewed several notable Israeli leaders, including Ehud Barak, Benjamin Netanyahu and Shimon Peres, as well as Yasser Arafat, leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization.

In 2009, Stone completed a feature-length documentary, South of the Border about the rise of leftist governments in Latin America, featuring seven presidents: Hugo Chávez of Venezuela, Bolivia's Evo Morales, Ecuador's Rafael Correa, Cuba's Raúl Castro, the Kirchners of Argentina, Brazil's Lula da Silva, and Paraguay's Fernando Lugo, all of whom are critical of US foreign policy in South America. Stone hoped the film would get the rest of the Western world to rethink socialist policies in South America, particularly as it was being applied by Venezuela's Hugo Chávez. Chávez joined Stone for the premiere of the documentary at the Venice International Film Festival in September 2009.^[66] Stone defended his decision not to interview Chávez's opponents, stating that oppositional statements and TV clips were scattered through the documentary and that the documentary was an attempt to right a balance of heavily negative coverage. He praised Chávez as a leader of the Bolivarian Revolution, a movement for social transformation in Latin America, and also praised the six other presidents in the film. The documentary was also released in several cities in the United States and Europe in the mid-2010.^[67][68]

In 2012, the documentary miniseries Oliver Stone's Untold History of the United States premiered on Showtime, Stone co-wrote, directed, produced, and narrated the series, having worked on it since 2008 with co-writers American University historian Peter J. Kuznick and British screenwriter Matt Graham.^[69] The 10-part series was supplemented by a 750-page companion book of the same name, also written by Stone and Kuznick, published on October 30, 2012 by Simon & Schuster.^[70] Stone described the project as "the most ambitious thing I've ever done. Certainly in documentary form, and perhaps in fiction, feature form."^[71] The project received positive reviews from former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev,^[72] The Guardian journalist Glenn Greenwald,^[73] and reviewers from IndieWire,^[74] San Francisco Chronicle,^[75] and Newsday.^[76] Hudson Institute adjunct fellow historian Ronald Radosh accused the series of historical revisionism,^[77] while journalist Michael C. Moynihan accused the book of "moral equivalence" and said nothing within the book was "untold" previously.^[78] Stone defended the program's accuracy to TV host Tavis Smiley by saying: "This has been fact checked by corporate fact checkers, by our own fact checkers, and fact checkers [hired] by Showtime. It's been thoroughly vetted ... these are facts, our interpretation may be different than orthodox, but it definitely holds up."^[79]

Stone was interviewed in Boris Malagurski's documentary film The Weight of Chains 2 (2014), which deals with neoliberal reforms in the Balkans.^[80]

On March 5, 2014, Stone and teleSUR premiered the documentary film Mi amigo Hugo (My Friend Hugo), a documentary about Venezuela's late president, Hugo Chávez, one year after his death. The film was described by Stone as a "spiritual answer" and tribute to Chávez.^[81]

In 2016, Stone was executive producer and interviewer for Ukrainian-born director Igor Lopatonok's film Ukraine on Fire.^[82] The film was regarded by critics as presenting a "Kremlin-friendly version" of the 2014 Maidan Revolution in Kyiv.^[83] It was also criticized for advancing the Russian narrative about the revolution.^[84][85]

Stone filmed a series of interviews with Russian president Vladimir Putin over the span of two years, which was released as The Putin Interviews, a four episode miniseries, on Showtime on June 12, 2017.^[86] On June 13, Stone and Professor Stephen F. Cohen joined John Batchelor in New York to record an hour of commentary on The Putin Interviews.^{[citation needed]} In 2019, he released Revealing Ukraine, another film produced by Stone, directed by Lopatonok and featuring Stone interviewing Putin.^[87] During these interviews, Putin made an unproven claim about Georgian snipers being responsible for the February 20 killings of protesters during the Euromaidan demonstrations, a hypothesis Stone himself had earlier supported on Twitter.^[88]

In June 2021, Stone's documentary JFK Revisited: Through the Looking Glass was selected to be shown in the Cannes Premiere section at the 2021 Cannes Film Festival.^[89] An expanded version of the documentary called JFK: Destiny Betrayed premiered as a television miniseries later that same year.

In 2021, he produced and featured in Qazaq: History of the Golden Man, directed by Lopatonok, a miniseries about Kazakh politician and former leader Nursultan Nazarbayev. The series was criticized for its perceived promotion of the authoritarian rule and positive portrayal of Nazarbayev.^[90][91] and for allegedly receiving $5 million in funding from Nazarbayev's own charitable foundation, Elbasy, via the country's State Center for Support of National Cinema, according to the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project. Stone and Lopatonok denied any Kazakhstani government involvement.^[90][92][93] According to Rolling Stone, "What little attention Qazaq did receive was largely negative, with critics decrying the film for its glowing depiction of Nazarbayev."^[92]

In 2022, Stone directed and co-wrote Nuclear Now, a climate change documentary based on the book A Bright Future: How Some Countries Have Solved Climate Change and the Rest Can Follow written by the US scientists Joshua S. Goldstein and Staffan A. Qvist. The movie argues that nuclear energy is needed to fight climate change, as renewables alone will not be sufficient for the planet to obtain carbon neutrality before climate change becomes irreversible. Of the film, Stone stated, "People worry about nuclear waste and meanwhile the whole world is choking on fossil fuel waste. That’s silly. Trillions of dollars have been invested in solar and wind and hydropower. Everything possible is being discussed, except for nuclear... It has to be on the agenda."^[94]

Other work

Oliver Stone with Rino Barillari in "Piazza dé Ricci" exit of the restaurant "Pierluigi" in Rome – September 25, 2012

On September 15, 2008, Stone was named the artistic director of New York University's Tisch School of the Arts Asia in Singapore.^[95]

In November 1997, Stone won an episode of the game show Jeopardy! during "Power Players" theme week, playing on behalf of charity Rock the Vote.^[96] As of 2025, that makes him one of only three Academy Award winners who have also won Jeopardy! Calling it one of the most fun experiences of his career, he later admitted that he was high on ecstasy during the game.^[97]

Stone has contributed forewords or introductions to multiple non-fiction books, including Last Word: My Indictment of the CIA in the Murder of JFK by Mark Lane,^[98]The JFK Assassination,^[99] A Portrait of Vietnam by Lou Dematteis, Reclaiming Parkland: Tom Hanks, Vincent Bugliosi, and the JFK Assassination in the New Hollywood,^[100] The Plot to Overthrow Venezuela: How the US is Orchestrating a Coup for Oil, JFK: The Last Dissenting Witness and JFK: The CIA, Vietnam, and the Plot to Assassinate John F. Kennedy,^[101] which features a quote from Stone on its cover that it "blows the lid right off our 'Official History.'"^[102]

In 2022, he appeared in the documentary Theaters of War, discussing the role of the military in Hollywood.^[103] Stone was also interviewed in the 2021 ESPN 30 for 30 documentary Once Upon a Time in Queens about the 1986 New York Mets.^[104]

Directorial style

Many of Stone's films focus on controversial American political issues during the late 20th century, and as such were considered contentious at the times of their releases. They often combine different camera and film formats within a single scene, as demonstrated in JFK (1991), Natural Born Killers (1994) and Nixon (1995).^[105] Roger Ebert called Stone "a filmmaker of feverish energy and limitless technical skills, able to assemble a bewildering array of facts and fancies and compose them into a film without getting bogged down."^[106] Owen Gleiberman, who named Nixon the best film of 1995, called Stone, "the most exciting filmmaker of his time. You don’t just watch his movies—they get inside you, like drugs. [...] More than any director before him, he has captured the violent free-associative rhythms of a feral, jagged modern mind."^[107][108]

According to Quentin Tarantino, "[Stone] wants to make an impact. He wants to punch you in the face with this stuff and when you leave the theater, he wants you to leave with a big idea. [...] To me, Oliver Stone's films are very similar to the kind of films that Stanley Kramer used to make in the '50s and '60s, the big difference being that Stanley Kramer was kind of a clumsy filmmaker and Oliver Stone is cinematically brilliant."^[109] In a retrospective essay, writer and professor Kiese Laymon argued that Stone constantly subverted portrayals of white saviorism and American masculinity in his filmography.^[110]

Influences

Stone has listed Luis Buñuel, Jean-Luc Godard and Claude Chabrol as early film-making heroes, as well as fellow combat veteran turned director Samuel Fuller.^[111] Stone has also cited Greek-French director Costa-Gavras as a primary influence on his work, recalling that he "was certainly one of my earliest role models,...I was a film student at NYU when Z came out, which we studied. Costa actually came over with Yves Montand for a screening and was such a hero to us."^[112] In his memoir Chasing the Light, Stone described the profound influence of Elia Kazan's films on his work, as well as the parallels he saw between their life experiences. He also detailed a significant friendship with one of his other idols, Billy Wilder, during the final two decades of Wilder's life.^[113]

Personal life

Family

Oliver Stone and his wife Sun-jung Jung at the 2018 Fajr International Film Festival in Tehran

Stone has been married three times, first to Najwa Sarkis Stone, a United Nations protocol attache, on May 22, 1971. They divorced in 1977. He then married Elizabeth Burkit Cox, an assistant in film production, on June 7, 1981.^[114][115] They had two sons, Sean (b. 1984, who took the middle name Ali upon conversion to Islam^[116]) and Michael Jack (b. 1991). As a child, Sean acted in supporting roles in several of his father's films, and later worked for the Russia state media company RT America as a program host from 2015 to 2022.^[117] Oliver and Elizabeth divorced in 1993. Stone has been married to Sun-jung Jung from South Korea since 1996, and the couple have a daughter, Tara (b. 1995).^[118] Stone and Sun-jung live in Los Angeles.^[119] Stone holds dual U.S. and French citizenship.^[120]

Religion and humanism

Stone has been a practicing Buddhist since 1993.^[121] He was given the Dharma name Minh Duc after receiving the five precepts from a Buddhist monk.^[122] Stone is also mentioned in Pulitzer Prize-winning American author Lawrence Wright's book Going Clear: Scientology, Hollywood, and the Prison of Belief as having been a member of Scientology for about a month, saying "It was like going to college and reading Dale Carnegie, something you do to find yourself."^[123] In 1997, Stone was one of 34 celebrities to sign an open letter to then-German Chancellor Helmut Kohl, published as a newspaper advertisement in the International Herald Tribune, which protested against the treatment of Scientologists in Germany and compared it to the Nazis' oppression of Jews in the 1930s.^[124] In 2003, Stone was a signatory of the third Humanist Manifesto.^[125]

Legal issues

Ten days after returning from Vietnam in November 1968, Stone was arrested and jailed in San Diego for attempting to smuggle two ounces of marijuana across the border from Mexico, where he had been partying. The charges were eventually dismissed.^[126] In 1999, Stone was arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol and possession of drugs, including fenfluramine, phentermine, meprobamate and a small amount of hashish. He pled guilty to two counts of driving while intoxicated and was ordered into a rehabilitation program.^[127] He was arrested again on the night of May 27, 2005, in Los Angeles for possession of marijuana.^{[128][129][130]} He was released the next day on a $15,000 bond.^[129] In August 2005, Stone pleaded no contest and was fined $100.^[131]

Sexual harassment allegations

In 2017, former Playboy model Carrie Stevens alleged that in 1991, Stone had "walked past me and grabbed my boob as he waltzed out the front door of a party."^[132]

The allegation Stevens made surfaced after Stone announced he would no longer direct the Weinstein Company's television series Guantanamo following the revelation of the Harvey Weinstein sexual misconduct allegations.^[132] Stone also drew criticism for his comments on Harvey Weinstein himself, saying:

I'm a believer that you wait until this thing gets to trial. I believe a man shouldn't be condemned by a vigilante system. It's not easy what he's going through, either. During that period he was a rival. I never did business with him and didn't really know him. I've heard horror stories on everyone in the business, so I'm not going to comment on gossip. I'll wait and see, which is the right thing to do.^[133]

Later that day he withdrew his remarks, saying that he had been unaware of the extent of the allegations due to his travel schedule. "After looking at what has been reported in many publications over the last couple of days, I'm appalled and commend the courage of the women who've stepped forward to report sexual abuse or rape," he said.^[133]

Melissa Gilbert accused Stone of "sexual harassment" during an audition for The Doors in 1991. Gilbert alleged that she was told unexpectedly to recite sexually explicit dialogue from the script (as character Pamela Courson), refused and left the audition in tears, calling it humiliating. Stone released a statement denying the accusation. The film's casting director, Risa Bramon Garcia, also denied the story, noting that all actresses and their agents were warned about the explicit dialogue when given the pages prior to the audition, adding, "No actor was forced or expected to do anything that might have been uncomfortable, and most actors embraced the challenge".^[134][135]

Political views

Stone (right) with Slovenian philosopher Slavoj Žižek (left) and Greek politician Alexis Tsipras (center) in 2013

Stone has been described as having left-wing political views.^{[136][137][138]} Per FEC data, he has an extensive history of political donations, almost exclusively to Democratic candidates and PACs.^[139] In a December 2024 podcast interview, Stone defined himself as an independent opposed to neoconservatism and a "real liberal" influenced by John Stuart Mill.^[140] He has also drawn attention for his opinions on controversial world leaders such as Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Hugo Chávez and Vladimir Putin.^[141][142] In Showtime's The Putin Interviews, Stone called Joseph Stalin "the most famous villain in history, next to Adolf [Hitler]", who "left a horrible reputation, and stained the [Communist] ideology forever ... it's mixed with blood, and terror."^[143] Stone has endorsed the works of author and United States foreign policy critic William Blum, saying that his books should be taught in schools and universities.^[144]

U.S. presidential politics

Stone served as a delegate for Jerry Brown's campaign in the 1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries^[145] and spoke at the 1992 Democratic National Convention.^[146] In an interview with Bill Maher, Stone claimed that he met President Bill Clinton at the White House in 1995, but that Clinton kept the visit off the official agenda due to Stone's controversial reputation.^[147]

Stone has suggested a link between 9/11 and the controversies of the 2000 election: "Does anybody make a connection between the 2000 election and the events of September 11th? ... Look for the thirteenth month!"^[148] In 2024, Stone reflected that the day the U.S. Supreme Court ended the Florida recount in the 2000 presidential election was "the worst moment, for me, of this century," as he supported Al Gore and believes that George W. Bush was the worst president in U.S. history.^[149]

Stone endorsed Democratic candidate John Kerry in the 2004 presidential election.^[150]

According to Entertainment Weekly, Stone voted for Barack Obama as President of the United States in both the 2008 and 2012 elections.^[151] Stone was quoted as saying at the time: "I voted for Obama because...I think he's an intelligent individual. I think he responds to difficulties well...very bright guy...far better choice, yes."^[152] In 2012, Stone endorsed Ron Paul for the Republican nomination for president, citing his support for a non-interventionist foreign policy. He said that Paul is "the only one of anybody who's saying anything intelligent about the future of the world."^[153] He later added: "I supported Ron Paul in the Republican primary...but his domestic policy...made no sense!"^[152] In March 2016, Stone wrote on The Huffington Post indicating his support for Vermont U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders for the 2016 Democratic nomination.^[154] In September 2016, Stone said he was voting for Green Party candidate Jill Stein for president.^[155] He added that, as a progressive leftist, he felt forced to vote third party, as he believed neoconservatives like Hillary Clinton had taken over the Democratic Party.^[156]

Speaking at the San Sebastián film festival, Stone said that many Americans had become disillusioned with Barack Obama's policies, having originally thought he would be "a man of great integrity." He said: "On the contrary, Obama has doubled down on the (George W.) Bush administration policies," and "has created...the most massive global security surveillance state that's ever been seen, way beyond East Germany's Stasi".^[157]

In April 2018, Stone attended a press conference at the Fajr Film Festival in Tehran, where he likened Donald Trump to "Beelzebub", the biblical demonic figure.^[158] Although Stone voted for Joe Biden in 2020, he criticized what he perceived to be the hypocrisy of the Democratic Party; Stone argued that the Democrats were not as concerned about Russian interference as they had been in 2016 when Trump won.^[159] He reflected, "I sense the neoconservatives are jumping around Washington, getting their ammunition ready because they know this man, in the end, will come over to their bidding."^[160] On his social media, Stone detailed eleven reasons why he could never vote for Trump, including his policies on Israel, Cuba and Venezuela, the assassination of Qasem Soleimani and his pardons of three court-martialed U.S. military officers who were accused or convicted of war crimes in Iraq and Afghanistan.^[161] He additionally cited Trump's stances on climate change and immigration.^[162]

On November 22, 2021, Stone penned an op-ed on The Hollywood Reporter, criticizing both Donald Trump and Joe Biden for not declassifying all records on the assassination of John F. Kennedy.^[163] In July 2023, during an interview with Russell Brand, Stone stated that he regretted voting for Biden, because he feared that Biden could start World War III over the Russo-Ukrainian war.^[164] Also in 2023, Stone donated to personal friend Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s campaign for the 2024 Democratic presidential nomination.^[165] In the 2024 general presidential election, Stone again voted for Kennedy who, after failing to secure the Democratic nomination, appeared on the ballot as the American Independent Party candidate.^[166]

In response to Donald Trump's 2025 executive order to release the final three percent of the investigative files related to the John F. Kennedy assassination, Stone wrote that Trump "deserves praise," especially for also "ordering the release of still classified files on the Martin Luther King and Robert Kennedy assassinations." However, Stone noted that the files should have been originally released in October of 2017, and cautioned that he supported the oversight committee proposed by Congressmen Steve Cohen, David Schweikert and Tim Burchett.^[167] On April 1, 2025, Stone testified before a House Oversight subcommittee on federal compliance with the JFK Records Act, having previously testified in April 1992 to support the legislation, which was inspired by his film JFK.^[168] In his statement to the committee, he urged Congress "in good faith, outside all political considerations," to re-open the investigation of Kennedy's assassination.^[169]

Holocaust controversy

Oliver Stone in Tehran. 2018 Fajr International Film Festival

In a January 2010 press conference announcing his documentary series on the history of the United States, Stone said, "Hitler is an easy scapegoat throughout history and it's been used cheaply. He's the product of a series of actions. It's cause and effect." Just before commenting about Hitler, he mentioned Stalin: "We can't judge people as only 'bad' or 'good.'"^[170] In response to Stone's comment about his intention to place Hitler "in context," Rabbi Marvin Hier of the Simon Wiesenthal Center said it "is like placing cancer in context, instead of recognizing cancer for what it really is—a horrible disease."^[171]

Interviewed by The Sunday Times on July 25, 2010, Stone was further quoted: "Hitler did far more damage to the Russians than the Jewish people, 25 or 30 [million killed]." He objected to what he termed "the Jewish domination of the media," appearing to be critical of the coverage of the Holocaust by adding: "There's a major lobby in the United States. They are hard workers. They stay on top of every comment, the most powerful lobby in Washington. Israel has fucked up United States foreign policy for years."^[172][173] The remarks were criticized by Jewish groups, including the American Jewish Committee, which compared his comments negatively to those of Mel Gibson.^[174][175] Abraham Foxman of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) said, "Oliver Stone has once again shown his conspiratorial colors with his comments about 'Jewish domination of the media' and control over U.S. foreign policy. His words conjure up some of the most stereotypical and conspiratorial notions of undue Jewish power and influence."^[176]

Yuli Edelstein, the speaker of Israel's Knesset and the leading Soviet refusenik, described Stone's remarks as what "could be a sequel to The Protocols of the Elders of Zion",^[177] as well as from Israel's Diaspora Affairs and Public Diplomacy Minister.^[177]

A day later, Stone stated:

In trying to make a broader historical point about the range of atrocities the Germans committed against many people, I made a clumsy association about the Holocaust, for which I am sorry and I regret. Jews obviously do not control media or any other industry. The fact that the Holocaust is still a very important, vivid and current matter today is, in fact, a great credit to the very hard work of a broad coalition of people committed to the remembrance of this atrocity—and it was an atrocity.^[178]

Two days later, Stone issued a second apology to the ADL, which was accepted. "I believe he now understands the issues and where he was wrong, and this puts an end to the matter," Foxman said.^[179]

WikiLeaks

Oliver Stone is a vocal supporter of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange. Stone signed a petition in support of Assange's bid for political asylum in June 2012.^[180] In August 2012, he penned a New York Times op-ed with filmmaker Michael Moore on the importance of WikiLeaks and free speech.^[181] Stone visited Assange in the Ecuadorian Embassy in April 2013 and commented, "I don't think most people in the US realize how important WikiLeaks is and why Julian's case needs support." He also criticized the documentary We Steal Secrets: The Story of WikiLeaks and the film The Fifth Estate, saying "Julian Assange did much for free speech and is now being victimised by the abusers of that concept".^[182]

In June 2013, Stone and numerous other celebrities appeared in a video showing support for Chelsea Manning.^[183][184]

Foreign policy

Stone called Saudi Arabia a major destabilizer in the Middle East. He also criticized the foreign policy of the United States, saying: "We made a mess out of Iraq, Syria, Libya, but it doesn't matter to the American public. It's okay to wreck the Middle East."^[158] Stone has also been critical of Israel's foreign policy, particularly during the leadership of Benjamin Netanyahu, whom he has interviewed. In March 2002, Stone was filming a documentary in the West Bank when Operation Defensive Shield was launched.^[185] He and his crew were forced to flee Ramallah with assistance from the Representative Office of Canada to the Palestinian Authority.^[186]

Stone has had an interest in Latin America since the 1980s, when he directed Salvador, and later returned to make his documentary South of the Border about the left-leaning movements that had been taking hold in the region. He has expressed the view that these movements are a positive step toward political and economic autonomy for the region.^[187] He supported Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez and admired the Colombian militant group FARC.^[188] Stone skipped the 68th Academy Awards ceremony, where his film Nixon received three nominations, to visit the Zapatistas of southern Mexico. Joking that he had no Oscar statuettes to give, guerrilla leader Subcomandante Marcos presented Stone with a tobacco pipe instead.^[189]

Stone has also criticized the U.S.-supported Operation Condor, a state terror operation that carried out assassinations and disappearances in support of South America's right-wing dictatorships in Argentina (see Dirty War), Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.^[190]

In the early 1980's, Stone visited the Soviet Union for the first time to interview anti-Communist dissidents as research for a screenplay. He also used the trip to covertly smuggle Western goods into the USSR on behalf of a French human rights organization. His activities eventually drew the attention of Soviet authorities and he was briefly detained in Tbilisi, Georgia before being allowed to leave the country. The resulting screenplay, Defiance, was never made.^[191]

In December 2014, Stone made statements supporting the Russian government's narrative on Ukraine, portraying the 2014 Ukrainian Revolution of Dignity as a CIA plot. He also rejects the claim that former Ukrainian president (who was overthrown as a result of that revolution) Viktor Yanukovych was responsible for the killing of protesters as claimed by the succeeding Ukrainian government. Stone said Yanukovych was the legitimate president who was forced to leave Ukraine by "well-armed, neo-Nazi radicals". He said that in "the tragic aftermath of this coup, the West has maintained the dominant narrative of 'Russia in Crimea' whereas the true narrative is 'USA in Ukraine'".^{[192][193][194][195][196][197]} James Kirchick of The Daily Beast criticized Stone's comments.^[198][199] After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Stone wrote, "Although the United States has many wars of aggression on its conscience, it doesn’t justify Mr. Putin’s aggression in Ukraine. A dozen wrongs don’t make a right. Russia was wrong to invade," an opinion he reiterated in March 2025.^[200] However, he continued to blame the source of the conflict on the U.S. and NATO, emphasizing his fear of a potential nuclear war and accusing the U.S. of seeking to dominate the world.^[201][202]

In a June 2017 interview with The Nation to promote his documentary on Vladimir Putin, Stone rejected the narrative of the United States' intelligence agencies that Russia sought to influence the 2016 presidential election. Stone accused the CIA, FBI, and NSA of cooking the intelligence. He said: "The influence on the election from the Russians to me is absurd to the naked eye. Israel has far more influence on American elections through AIPAC. Saudi Arabia has influence through money... Sheldon Adelson and the Koch brothers have much more influence on American elections... And the prime minister of Israel comes to our country and addresses Congress to criticize the president's policy in Iran at the time—that's pretty outrageous."^[203]

Russia passed a law in 2013 banning "gay propaganda" to minors, which has been criticized as being used for a crackdown on LGBTQ support.^[204] In a 2019 interview with Putin, Stone said of the law that "It seems like maybe that's a sensible law." Stone later said he is not homophobic.^[205][206]

Stone took the Russian Sputnik V vaccine for the COVID-19 virus while filming in Russia and the Pfizer vaccine upon his return to the return to the United States, calling himself "a pin cushion for American-Russian peace relations."^[207][208]

Filmography

Film

Year	Title	Director	Writer	Producer	Notes
1974	Seizure	Yes	Yes	No	Directorial debut Co-written with Edward Mann
1978	Midnight Express	No	Yes	No	Adapted from Billy Hayes' 1977 memoir of the same name
1981	The Hand	Yes	Yes	No
1982	Conan the Barbarian	No	Yes	No	Co-written with John Milius
1983	Scarface	No	Yes	No	Adapted from the 1932 film of the same name written by W.R. Burnett, Ben Hecht, John Lee Mahin, and Seton I. Miller
1985	Year of the Dragon	No	Yes	No	Co-written with Michael Cimino
1986	Salvador	Yes	Yes	Yes	Co-written with Richard Boyle
	8 Million Ways to Die	No	Yes	No	Co-written with Robert Towne and R. Lance Hill; Adapted from Lawrence Block's book of the same name
	Platoon	Yes	Yes	No
1987	Wall Street	Yes	Yes	No	Co-written with Stanley Weiser
1988	Talk Radio	Yes	Yes	No	Co-written with Eric Bogosian; Adapted from Bogosian and Tad Savinar's play of the same name
1989	Born on the Fourth of July	Yes	Yes	Yes	Co-written with Ron Kovic; Adapted from Kovic's 1976 autobiography of the same name
1991	The Doors	Yes	Yes	No	Co-written with Randall Jahnson Also soundtrack album director
	JFK	Yes	Yes	Yes	Co-written with Zachary Sklar Also soundtrack album director
1993	Heaven & Earth	Yes	Yes	Yes	Also soundtrack album director
1994	Natural Born Killers	Yes	Yes	Executive	Co-written with David Veloz and Richard Rutowski; Story by Quentin Tarantino Also soundtrack album director
1995	Nixon	Yes	Yes	Yes	Co-written with Christopher Wilkinson and Stephen J. Rivele
1996	Evita	No	Yes	No	Co-written with Alan Parker; Adapted from Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice's 1976 concept album and 1978 musical of the same name
1997	U Turn	Yes	Uncredited	No	Co-written with John Ridley; Adapted from Ridley's 1997 novel of the same name
1999	Any Given Sunday	Yes	Yes	Executive	Co-written with John Logan; Story by Logan and Daniel Pyne
2004	Alexander	Yes	Yes	No	Co-written with Christopher Kyle and Laeta Kalogridis
2006	World Trade Center	Yes	No	No
2008	W.	Yes	No	No
2010	Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps	Yes	No	Uncredited
2012	Savages	Yes	Yes	No	Co-written with Don Winslow and Shane Salerno; Adapted from Winslow's 2010 novel of the same name
2016	Snowden	Yes	Yes	No	Co-written with Kieran Fitzgerald; Adapted from Luke Harding's The Snowden Files and Anatoly Kucherena's Time of the Octopus

Executive producer Zebrahead (1992) South Central (1992) The Joy Luck Club (1993) The New Age (1994) Killer: A Journal of Murder (1995) Freeway (1996) The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996) Cold Around the Heart (1997) The Corruptor (1999)

Producer only Blue Steel (1990) Reversal of Fortune (1990) Savior (1998)

Other credits

Year	Title	Role
1973	Sugar Cookies	Associate producer
1996	Gravesend	Presenter

Television

Executive producer

• Wild Palms (1993)
• Indictment: The McMartin Trial (1995) (TV movie)
• The Day Reagan Was Shot (2001) (TV movie)

Documentary works

Film

Year	Title	Director	Writer	Executive Producer	Notes
1998	The Last Days of Kennedy and King	No	No	Yes
2003	Comandante	Yes	Yes	No	Also narrator
2009	South of the Border	Yes	No	No
2012	Castro in Winter	Yes	No	No
2014	Mi amigo Hugo	Yes	No	No
2015	A Good American	No	No	Yes
2016	Ukraine on Fire	No	No	Yes
	All Governments Lie	No	No	Yes
2019	Revealing Ukraine	No	No	Yes
2021	JFK Revisited: Through the Looking Glass	Yes	Yes	No
	Qazaq: History of the Golden Man	No	No	Yes
2022	Nuclear Now	Yes	Yes	No
2024	Lula	Yes	No	No

TV series

Year	Title	Director	Writer	Producer	Notes
2003–2004	America Undercover	Yes	Yes	No	Episodes Looking for Fidel and Persona Non Grata
2012–2013	The Untold History of the United States	Yes	Yes	Executive
2017	The Putin Interviews	Yes	Yes	Yes
2021	JFK: Destiny Betrayed	Yes	No	No

Awards and honors

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Oliver Stone

As director

Year	Title	Academy Awards		BAFTA Awards		Golden Globe Awards		Golden Raspberry Awards
		Nominations	Wins	Nominations	Wins	Nominations	Wins	Nominations	Wins
1986	Salvador	2
	Platoon	8	4	3	2	4	3
1987	Wall Street	1	1			1	1	1	1
1989	Born on the Fourth of July	8	2	2		5	4
1991	JFK	8	2	4	2	4	1
1993	Heaven & Earth					1	1
1994	Natural Born Killers					1
1995	Nixon	4		1		1
1997	U Turn							2
2004	Alexander							6
2010	Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps					1
2016	Snowden							1
Total		31	9	10	4	18	10	10	1

Directed Academy Award performances
Under Stone's direction, these actors have received Academy Award nominations (and wins) for their performances in their respective roles.

Year	Performer	Film	Result
Academy Award for Best Actor
1987	James Woods	Salvador	Nominated
1988	Michael Douglas	Wall Street	Won
1990	Tom Cruise	Born on the Fourth of July	Nominated
1996	Anthony Hopkins	Nixon	Nominated
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
1987	Tom Berenger	Platoon	Nominated
	Willem Dafoe		Nominated
1992	Tommy Lee Jones	JFK	Nominated
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
1996	Joan Allen	Nixon	Nominated

Honors

• Commander of the Order of Intellectual Merit (Morocco, 2003)^[209]
• 2007: Lifetime Achievement Award of Zurich Film Festival
• On July 4, 2024, Stone was awarded the rank of Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters, the highest civilian honor in France, for cultural contributions to both the country and the film industry.^[210] He was previously awarded the rank of Chevalier in 1992.

Bibliography

Books

• Oliver Stone's Platoon & Salvador. Co-authored with Richard Boyle. New York: Vintage Books, 1987. ISBN 978-0394756295. 254 pages.
• JFK: The Book of the Film: The Documented Screenplay. Co-authored with Zachary Sklar. Hal Leonard Corporation, 1992. ISBN 978-1557831279.
• A Child's Night Dream: A Novel. New York: Macmillan, 1998. ISBN 978-0312194468.
• Oliver Stone: Interviews. University Press of Mississippi, 2001. ISBN 978-1578063031.
• Last Word: My Indictment of the CIA in the Murder of JFK. Co-authored with Mark Lane & Robert K. Tanenbaum. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2012. ISBN 978-1620870709.
• The Untold History of the United States. Co-authored by Peter Kuznick. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012. ISBN 978-1451613513.
• The Putin Interviews. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2017. ISBN 978-1510733435.
• Chasing the Light: Writing, Directing, and Surviving Platoon, Midnight Express, Scarface, Salvador, and the Movie Game (July 2020)^[211]

Interviews

• Crowdus, Gary. "Clarifying the Conspiracy: An Interview with Oliver Stone". Cinéaste, Vol. 19, No. 1, 1992. pp. 25–27. JSTOR 41688064.
• Long, Camilla. "Oliver Stone: Lobbing Grenades in All Directions". Archived from the original. The Sunday Times, July 25, 2010.
• Theroux, Louis (January 4, 2021). "The Untold History of the United States". Grounded. BBC Radio 4. (Omits mention of: Stone's support for whistleblower Julian Assange; "JFK")

Screenplays

• Snowden: Official Motion Picture Edition. Co-authored with Kieran Fitzgerald. Skyhorse Publishing, 2016. ISBN 978-1510719712.