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Municipalities of Nepal

Type of local-level administrative subdivision of Nepal From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Municipalities of Nepal
See also: Administrative divisions of Nepal
See also: List of cities in Nepal

A municipality (Nepali: नगरपालिका) in Nepal is an administrative division in the Provinces of Nepal. The urban population of Nepal refers to the inhabitants residing in the designated municipal area.[1] Population size has been taken as the principal criteria in the declaration of urban areas in Nepal since 1961. Municipalities can therefore also include rural areas.[2] It functions as a sub-unit of a district. Nepal currently has 293 municipalities, which given the 2011 population estimate of 16,656,057.

Quick Facts Municipality, Category ...
Municipality
CategoryThird-level administrative division
LocationDistricts of Nepal
Found inDistricts
Number753 (as of 2017)
Government
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The municipalities are categorised into three categories: Metropolitan municipality (500,000+ population), Sub-metropolitan municipality (200,000+ population) and Municipality (10,000+ population). There are 6 metropolitan municipality, 11 sub-metropolitan municipality and 276 municipality.[2]

History

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Kathmandu
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Pokhara
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Lalitpur
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Birgunj
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Bharatpur
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Biratnagar

The first urban center in Nepal took place in Kathmandu Valley. The historical evidences on the existence of towns in the Kathmandu Valley are found during Licchavi period. At the same time, three major towns with urban characteristics had been developed in the Kathmandu Valley. During the Rana period, towns in the hills were also as hill stations for the purpose of administration and as an outpost against invaders.[1] Towns like Dhankuta in East Nepal, Palpa in Central Nepal and Doti in West Nepal were initially developed as cantonments. Urban areas in the Terai developed because of trade between Nepal and British India. The British had laid railway lines at the border of Nepal for the purpose of trade which gradually increased urban centers in the Terai. Although urban areas developed during Rana period or before it were not officially recorded. Kathmandu was given the status of municipality in 1930 but was only gazetted in 1953. Dharan was established in 1958 as a fourth municipality of the country

Structure and responsibilities

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Perspective

As defined by Part 17 of the Constitution of Nepal, the municipalities are governed by a Municipal Executive headed by a mayor. The Municipal Executive consists of the deputy mayor, ward chairpersons elected from each ward in the municipality, and five women members elected by the Municipal Assembly among themselves and three members from the Dalit or other minority communities.[3] Part 18 of the Constitution of Nepal states that the Municipal Assembly hold all legislative powers of the municipality. It consists of the mayor, deputy mayor, ward chairpersons and four ward members elected from each of the wards in the municipality out of which at least two must be a woman. All members of the Dalit or minority communities that was elected to the Municipal Executive must be the members of the Municipal Assembly of the municipality for representing those communities.[4] Part 17 also includes provisions for a Judicial Committee which is headed by the deputy mayor and consists of two other members elected by the Municipal Assembly among themselves.[3] Schedule 8 and Schedule 9 of the constitution deals with powers that the local executive can execute either on its own or concurrently with the federal and the provincial governments.

Classification

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Metropolitan Municipality

According to the Local Government Operation Act 2017 a metropolitan municipality must have following criteria to get the status of Metropolitan Municipality:[5][2]

  • Population: 500,000+
  • Annual Income (in NPR): 1,00,00,00,000+
  • Infrastructures: Educational institute up to the higher level, medical services, hospitals, transportation facilities, metalled road, communication services, Museum, stadium, assembly hall and exhibition area of international standard. Sufficient recreation places for children and elderly people, Basic water supply and sanitation services. Garbage treatment and management system, Shopping mall, vegetable and fruit market, hotels of international standards. Urban greenery and scenic beauty, etc. as prescribed by government.

Sub-metropolitan Municipality

A sub-metropolitan municipality must have to fulfill following criteria:[2]

  • Population: 200,000+
  • Annual Income (in NPR): 25,000,000+
  • Infrastructures: higher-level education, medical services, hospitals, transportation facilities, metalled road, basic communication services, Public garden, assembly hall, stadium, gym hall and covered hall of national standard, Basic water supply and sanitation services. Garbage treatment and management system, Market place, animal slaughter houses, human corpses disposal place. Hotel, motel and resorts of tourism standards. Disable friendly and physically accessible infrastructures.

List of Municipalities by the date of establishment

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1953 to 1997

There were 58 traditional municipalities which were established from 1953 to 1997.[6] (Below given population are prior to reconstruction in 2017. In 2017, more area and population added to given municipality.)

More information Year, Municipality ...
YearMunicipalityPopulation (2011)
1953Kathmandu975,453
1953Bhaktapur81,748
1953Lalitpur220,802
1953Birgunj135,904
1953Biratnagar201,125
1953Bhadrapur18,164
1957Tansen29,095
1959Rajbiraj37,738
1959Butwal118,462
1958Dharan133,082
1962Ilam18,633
1962Janakpur97,776
1962Nepalganj72,503
1962Pokhara255,465
1967Siddharthanagar63,483
1969Hetauda135,745
1976Birendranagar85,138
1976Dhangadhi101,970
1976Lahan33,653
1977Bheemdatta104,599
1978Bharatpur143,836
1978Dhankuta26,440
1978Ghorahi62,928
1982Banepa24,764
1982Damak75,102
1982Jaleshwar23,533
1982Kalaiya42,826
1982Dipayal Silgadhi23,416
1982Kapilvastu* (renamed as
Taulihawa)		30,428
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More information Year, Municipality ...
YearMunicipalityPopulation (2011)
1986Bidur26,750
1986Dhulikhel14,283
1986Inaruwa28,454
1986Malangwa25,102
1992Gaur34,937
1992Tulsipur51,537
1992Vyas42,899
1997Amargadhi21,245
1997Baglung29,360
1997Bhimeshwar22,537
1997Dasharathchand16,791
1997Gorkha (Prithvinarayan)32,473
1997Gulariya55,747
1997Itahari74,501
1997Kamalamai39,413
1997Khandbari26,301
1997Kirtipur65,602
1997Lekhnath*
(merged with Pokhara later)		58,816
1997Madhyapur Thimi83,036
1997Mechinagar57,545
1997Narayan21,110
1997Panauti27,358
1997Putalibazar30,704
1997Ramgram25,990
1997Ratnanagar46,367
1997Siraha28,442
1997Tikapur56,127
1997Triyuga70,000
1997Waling24,006
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2014

Total 133 municipalities were established in 2014 in two segments but on 10 March 2017 reconstructed local level body and brought changing in some of municipalities. Some municipality completely disestablished (declined)

  • 72 municipalities were established in 18 May 2014 [7][8]
  1. Taplejung (renamed as Phungling)
  2. Phidim
  3. Urlabari
  4. Myanglung
  5. Bhojpur
  6. Diktel (renamed as Rupakot Majhuwagadhi)
  7. Katari
  8. Sambhunath
  9. Kanchanrup
  10. Mirchaiya
  11. Suryodaya
  12. Shaniarjun (renamed as Arjundhara)
  13. Kankai
  14. Chainpur
  15. Belbari
  16. Pathari Shanishchare
  17. Sundar Dularino Declined
  18. Koshi Haraichhano Declined
  19. Rangeli
  20. Duhabi Bhaluwa ("Bhaluwa" removed later)
  21. Siddhicharan
  22. Beltar Basaha (renamed as Chaudandigadhi
  23. Birtamod
  24. Hariwan
  25. Chandrapur
  26. Gadhimaino Declined
  27. Chautara (Chautara Sangachokgadhi)
  28. Panchkhal
  29. Nilkantha
  30. Dhanushadham
  31. Chhireshwarnath
  32. Gaushala
  33. Lalbandi
  34. Ishwarpur
  35. Thaha
  36. Nijgadh
  37. Khairahani
  38. Chitrawan no Declined
  39. Shuklagandaki
  40. Bandipur
  41. Kushma
  42. Resunga
  43. Sandhikharka
  44. Sunwal
  45. Besisahar
  46. Gaindakot
  47. Chapakot
  48. Rampur
  49. Kawasoti
  50. Devachuli
  51. Bardaghat
  52. Sainamaina
  53. Beni
  54. Lumbini Sanskritik
  55. Dev Daha
  56. Tilottama
  57. Krishnanagar
  58. Shivaraj
  59. Kohalpur
  60. Shaarada
  61. Mangalsen
  62. Sanfebagar
  63. Rajapur
  64. Pyuthan
  65. Dullu
  66. Chandan Nath
  67. Jayaprithvi
  68. Lamkichuha
  69. Attariya (renamed as Godawari)
  70. Api (renamed as Mahakali)
  71. Punarbas
  72. Belauri
  • 61 new Municipalities were established on 2 December 2014.[9]
  1. Gokarneshwor
  2. Dakshinkali
  3. Tarakeshwor
  4. Shankharapur
  5. Chandragiri
  6. Kageshwori
  7. Tokha
  8. Nagarjun
  9. Budhanilkantha
  10. Anantalineshowrno Declined
  11. Karyabinayakno Declined
  12. Godawari
  13. Changunarayan
  14. Maha Manjushree Nagarkot no Declined
  15. Patan
  16. Deumai
  17. Shivasatakshi
  18. Letang (renamed as Letang)
  19. Ramdhuni-Bhasi
  20. Pakhribas
  21. Shadanand
  22. Madi
  23. Saptakoshi
  24. Golbazar
  25. Dudhkunda (renamed as Solududhkunda)
  26. Badimalika
  27. Bhajani Trishakti (renamed as Bhajani)
  28. Parshuram
  29. Bardibas
  30. Garuda
  31. Pokhariya
  32. Dapcha Kashikhanda (renamed as Namobuddha)
  33. Melamchi
  34. Sundarbazar
  35. Bheriganga
  36. Musikot
  37. Palungtar
  38. Jiri
  39. Manthali
  40. Dudhauli
  41. Ghodaghodi
  42. Mahagadhimai
  43. Simraungadh
  44. Buddhabatika no Declined
  45. Ganeshman Charanath
  46. Mithila
  47. Sabaila
  48. Basgadhi
  49. Madi
  50. Narayanino Declined
  51. Lamahi
  52. Tripurno Declined
  53. Chandani Dodhara (renamed Mahakali)
  54. Jhalari Pipladi (renamed Shuklaphanta)
  55. Ramechhap
  56. Kolhabi
  57. Mahalaxmi
  58. Libang (renamed as Rolpa)
  59. Suryabinayak
  60. Banganga
  61. Sanoshree Taratal (renamed as Madhuwan later)

2015

Total 26 municipalities were established on 19 September 2015.[10] Reconstructed on 10 March 2017 with some changing in existed municipalities.

  1. Gauradaha
  2. Laligurans
  3. Hanumannagar Yoginimai no Declined
  4. Sukhipur
  5. Dhangadhimai
  6. Bajrabarahi
  7. Kalika
  8. Rapti
  9. Barahathwa
  10. Bhanu
  11. Anbu Khaireni
  12. Madhyabindu
  13. Bhrikuti no Declined
  14. Bhirkot
  15. Rainas
  16. Karaputar no Declined
  17. Bherimalika
  18. Chaurjahari
  19. Bagchaur
  20. Subhaghat Gangamala (renamed as Gurbhakot)
  21. Kamalbazar
  22. Beldandi
  23. Bedkot
  24. Krishnapur
  25. Babai no Declined
  26. kalikadevi

2017

On 10 March 2017 Government of Nepal reconstructed old local level bodies into 744 new local level units as per the new constitution of Nepal 2015.[11][12] Later, on recommendance of Supreme court 9 more local level body added to Province No. 2, increasing from 744 to 753.[13]

  1. Mai
  2. Ratuwamai
  3. Sunawarshi
  4. Barahkshetra
  5. Mahalaxmi
  6. Dharmadevi
  7. Panchkhapan
  8. Halesi Tuwachung
  9. Belaka
  10. Dakneshwari
  11. Bodebarsain
  12. Khadak
  13. Surunga
  14. Kalyanpur
  15. Nagarain
  16. Bideha
  17. Haripur
  18. Haripurwa
  19. Balara
  20. Godaita
  21. Bagmati
  22. Bahrabise
  23. Belkotgadhi
  24. Dhunibeshi
  25. Bhimad
  26. Galyang
  27. Phalewas
  28. Galkot
  29. Jaimini
  30. Dhorpatan
  31. Musikot
  32. Buddhabhumi
  33. Maharajganj
  34. Sitganga
  35. Bhumikasthan
  36. Swargadwari
  37. Aathbiskot
  38. Bangad Kupinde
  39. Barbardiya
  40. Panchpuri
  41. Lekbesi
  42. Chamunda Bindrasaini
  43. Aathbis
  44. Chhedagad
  45. Nalgad
  46. Thuli Bheri
  47. Tripurasundari
  48. Khandachakra
  49. Raskot
  50. Tilagufa
  51. Chhayanath Rara
  52. Tribeni
  53. Budhiganga
  54. Budhinanda
  55. Bungal
  56. Panchadewal Binayak
  57. Shikhar
  58. Gauriganga
  59. Melauli
  60. Purchaudi
  61. Shailyashikhar
  62. Karjanha
  63. Mithila Bihari
  64. Sahidnagar
  65. Kamala
  66. Hansapur
  67. Aurahi
  68. Balawa
  69. Bhangaha
  70. Loharpatti
  71. Manara Shiswa
  72. Matihani
  73. Ramgopalpur
  74. Kabilasi
  75. Madhav Narayan
  76. Katahariya
  77. Gujara
  78. Dewahi Gonahi
  79. Brindaban
  80. Baudhimai
  81. Pacharauta
  82. Parsagadhi
  83. Bahudarmai
  84. Ishnath
  85. Maulapur
  86. Paroha
  87. Phatuwa Bijayapur
  88. Rajdevi
  89. Rajpur
  90. Jeetpursimara
  91. Hanumannagar Kankalini
  92. Madhyanepal
  93. Thakurbaba
  94. Sundar Haraicha

See also

References

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