Missouri's 1st congressional district

"MO-1" redirects here. The term may also refer to Missouri Route 1.

Missouri's 1st congressional district is in the eastern portion of the state. It includes all of St. Louis City and much of northern St. Louis County, including the cities of Maryland Heights, University City, Ferguson and Florissant. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of D+27, it is the most Democratic district in Missouri.^[2] Roughly half of the district's population is African American.

Missouri's 1st congressional district
Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
Representative	Cori Bush D–St. Louis
Distribution	99.21% urban 0.79% rural
Population (2023)	741,792
Median household income	$61,562[1]
Ethnicity	46.1% Black 40.4% White 4.5% Hispanic 4.3% Two or more races 3.8% Asian 0.8% other
Cook PVI	D+27[2]

Its current representative is Democrat Cori Bush, who was first elected in 2020. William Lacy Clay, Jr., had previously represented the district since 2001, succeeding his father, William Lacy Clay, Sr. Bush, a progressive and leader in the Ferguson protests, beat Clay in the August 4, 2020 primary. Bush had lost the same primary in 2018 by 20 points to Clay.^[3]

Statewide election results

Year	Office	Results
2000	President	Al Gore 78% – George W. Bush 20%
2004	President	John Kerry 75% – George W. Bush 25%
2008	President	Barack Obama 79.7% – John McCain 19.4%
2012	President	Barack Obama 80% – Mitt Romney 19%
2016	President	Hillary Clinton 77% – Donald Trump 19%
2020	President	Joe Biden 80.3% – Donald Trump 18.1%

Composition

#	County	Seat	Population
189	St. Louis (county)	Clayton	987,059
510	St. Louis (city)	St. Louis	293,310

Cities and CDPS with 10,000 or more people

• St. Louis – 293,310
• Florissant – 52,533
• University City – 35,065
• Maryland Heights – 28,284
• Hazelwood – 25,458
• Webster Groves – 24,010
• Old Jamestown – 19,790
• Creve Coeur – 18,834
• Ferguson – 18,527
• Spanish Lake – 18,413
• Clayton – 17,355
• Overland – 15,955
• St. Ann – 13,019
• Jennings – 12,895
• Bridgeton – 11,445
• Bellefontaine Neighbors – 10,740

2,500 – 10,000 people

• Richmond Heights – 9,286
• Ladue – 8,989
• Olivette – 8,504
• Brentwood – 8,233
• Berkeley – 8,228
• Black Jack – 6,634
• St. John – 6,643
• Glendale – 6,176
• Dellwood – 4,914
• Rock Hill – 4,750
• Glasgow Village – 4,584
• Breckenridge Hills – 4,458
• Normandy – 4,287
• Woodson Terrace – 3,950
• Castle Point – 2,815
• Pine Lawn – 2,754
• Pagedale – 2,554

List of members representing the district

Member	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history	District location
District created March 4, 1847
James B. Bowlin (St. Louis)	Democratic	March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1851	30th 31st	Redistricted from the at-large district and re-elected in 1846. Re-elected in 1848. Lost re-election.
John F. Darby (St. Louis)	Whig	March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853	32nd	Elected in 1850. Retired.
Thomas Hart Benton (St. Louis)	Democratic	March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855	33rd	Elected in 1852. Lost re-election.
Luther M. Kennett (St. Louis)	Opposition	March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857	34th	Elected in 1854. Lost re-election.
Francis P. Blair Jr. (St. Louis)	Republican	March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1859	35th	Elected in 1856. Lost re-election.
John R. Barret (St. Louis)	Democratic	March 4, 1859 – June 8, 1860	36th	Elected in 1858. Lost election contest in the House.
Francis P. Blair Jr. (St. Louis)	Republican	June 8, 1860 – June 25, 1860		Seated by the House upon winning contested election. Resigned.
Vacant		June 25, 1860 – October 3, 1860
John R. Barret (St. Louis)	Democratic	October 3, 1860 – March 3, 1861		Elected to finish Blair's term. Lost re-election.
Francis P. Blair Jr. (St. Louis)	Republican	March 4, 1861 – March 4, 1863	37th	Elected in 1860.
	Union Emancipation[4]	March 4, 1863– June 10, 1864	38th	Re-elected in 1862. Lost contested election.
Samuel Knox (St. Louis)	People's Emancipation[5]	June 10, 1864 – March 3, 1865	38th	Won contested election. Lost re-election.
John Hogan (St. Louis)	Democratic	March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1867	39th	Elected in 1864. Lost re-election.
William A. Pile (St. Louis)	Republican	March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1869	40th	Elected in 1866. Lost re-election.
Erastus Wells (St. Louis)	Democratic	March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1873	41st 42nd	Elected in 1868. Re-elected in 1870. Redistricted to the 2nd district.
Edwin O. Stanard (St. Louis)	Republican	March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875	43rd	Elected in 1872. Lost re-election.
Edward C. Kehr (St. Louis)	Democratic	March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1877	44th	Elected in 1874. Lost re-election.
Anthony F. Ittner (St. Louis)	Republican	March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1879	45th	Elected in 1876. Retired.
Martin L. Clardy (Farmington)	Democratic	March 3, 1879 – March 3, 1883	46th 47th	Elected in 1878. Re-elected in 1880. Redistricted to the 10th district.
William H. Hatch (Hannibal)	Democratic	March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1895	48th 49th 50th 51st 52nd 53rd	Redistricted from the 12th district and re-elected in 1882. Re-elected in 1884. Re-elected in 1886. Re-elected in 1888. Re-elected in 1890. Re-elected in 1892. Lost re-election.
Charles N. Clark (Hannibal)	Republican	March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1897	54th	Elected in 1894. Retired.
Vacant		March 4, 1897 – June 1, 1897	55th
James T. Lloyd (Shelbyville)	Democratic	June 1, 1897 – March 3, 1917	55th 56th 57th 58th 59th 60th 61st 62nd 63rd 64th	Elected after the death of member-elect Richard P. Giles. Re-elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. Re-elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Re-elected in 1914. Retired.
Milton A. Romjue (Macon)	Democratic	March 4, 1917 – March 3, 1921	65th 66th	Elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. Lost re-election.
Frank C. Millspaugh (Canton)	Republican	March 4, 1921 – December 5, 1922	67th	Elected in 1920. Lost re-election and resigned.
Vacant		December 5, 1922 – March 3, 1923
Milton A. Romjue (Macon)	Democratic	March 4, 1923 – March 3, 1933	68th 69th 70th 71st 72nd	Elected in 1922. Re-elected in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Redistricted to the at-large district.
District inactive		March 4, 1933 – January 3, 1935	73rd	All representatives elected at-large on a general ticket
Milton A. Romjue (Macon)	Democratic	January 3, 1935 – January 3, 1943	74th 75th 76th 77th	Redistricted from the at-large district and re-elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Re-elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Lost re-election.
Samuel W. Arnold (Kirksville)	Republican	January 3, 1943 – January 3, 1949	78th 79th 80th	Elected in 1942. Re-elected in 1944. Re-elected in 1946. Lost re-election.
Clare Magee (Unionville)	Democratic	January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1953	81st 82nd	Elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Retired.
Frank M. Karsten (St. Louis)	Democratic	January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1969	83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th 90th	Redistricted from the 13th district and re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Retired.	1953–1963 [data missing]
					1963–1973 [data missing]
					1963–1973 [data missing]
Bill Clay (St. Louis)	Democratic	January 3, 1969 – January 3, 2001	91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th	Elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Retired.
					1973–1983 [data missing]
					1983–1993 [data missing]
					1993–2003 [data missing]
Lacy Clay (St. Louis)	Democratic	January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2021	107th 108th 109th 110th 111th 112th 113th 114th 115th 116th	Elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Lost renomination.
					2003–2013
					2013–2023
Cori Bush (St. Louis)	Democratic	January 3, 2021 – present	117th 118th	Elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022. Lost renomination.
					2023–present
Wesley Bell (elect) (Ferguson)	Democratic	January 3, 2025	119th	Elected in 2024.

Recent election results

2012

Missouri's 1st congressional district, 2012 ^[6]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Lacy Clay (incumbent)	267,927	78.7
	Republican	Robyn Hamlyn	60,832	17.9
	Libertarian	Robb Cunningham	11,824	3.5
Total votes			340,583	100.0
	Democratic hold

2014

Missouri's 1st congressional district, 2014^[7]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Lacy Clay (incumbent)	119,315	73.0
	Republican	Daniel J. Elder	35,273	21.6
	Libertarian	Robb E. Cunningham	8,906	5.4
Total votes			163,494	100.0
	Democratic hold

2016

Missouri's 1st congressional district, 2016^[8]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Lacy Clay (incumbent)	236,993	75.5
	Republican	Steven Bailey	62,714	20.0
	Libertarian	Robb Cunningham	14,317	4.5
Total votes			314,024	100.0
	Democratic hold

2018

Missouri's 1st congressional district, 2018^[9]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Lacy Clay (incumbent)	219,781	80.1
	Republican	Robert Vroman	45,867	16.7
	Libertarian	Robb Cunningham	8,727	3.2
Total votes			274,375	100.0
	Democratic hold

2020

Missouri's 1st congressional district, 2020^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Cori Bush	249,087	78.8
	Republican	Anthony Rogers	59,940	19.0
	Libertarian	Alex Furman	6,766	2.1
	Independent	Martin Baker (write-in)	378	0.1
Total votes			316,171	100.0
	Democratic hold

2022

Missouri's 1st congressional district, 2022

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Cori Bush (incumbent)	160,999	72.8
	Republican	Andrew Jones	53,767	24.3
	Libertarian	George A. Zsidisin	6,192	2.8
	Write-in
Total votes			220,958	100.0
	Democratic hold

See also

• United States portal

• Missouri's congressional districts
• List of United States congressional districts

References

1. Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov.
2. "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. July 12, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
3. Summer Ballentine (August 5, 2020). "Protest leader Bush ousts 20-year US Rep. Clay in Missouri". Associated Press.
4. • "'Frank P. Blair was unanimously nominated ..." Daily Green Mountain Freeman. October 8, 1862.
   • Anderson, Kristen Layne (2016). Abolitionizing Missouri: German Immigrants and Radical Ideology in Nineteenth Century America. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. p. 103.
5. Anderson, 103.
6. "State of Missouri - Election Night Results".
7. "State of Missouri - Election Night Results".
8. "2016 General Election Official Results". Missouri Secretary of State. November 8, 2016. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
9. Johnson, Cheryl L. (February 28, 2019). "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 2018". Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
10. "All Results State of Missouri - State of Missouri - General Election, November 03, 2020". Missouri Secretary of State. Retrieved December 9, 2020.

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

External links

• Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
• US Census Bureau
• My Congressional District

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