Manukau (New Zealand electorate)

Manukau is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate in the south Auckland Region. It existed from 1881 to 1978, with a break from 1938 to 1954. It was represented by nine Members of Parliament. Two by-elections were held in the electorate.

Population centres

The previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1875 for the 1875–1876 election. In the six years since, New Zealand's European population had increased by 65%. In the 1881 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives increased the number of European representatives to 91 (up from 84 since the 1875–76 election). The number of Māori electorates was held at four. The House further decided that electorates should not have more than one representative, which led to 35 new electorates being formed, including Manukau, and two electorates that had previously been abolished to be recreated. This necessitated a major disruption to existing boundaries.^[1]

The First Labour Government was defeated in the 1949 election and the incoming National Government changed the Electoral Act, with the electoral quota once again based on total population as opposed to qualified electors, and the tolerance was increased to 7.5% of the electoral quota. There was no adjustments in the number of electorates between the South and North Islands, but the law changes resulted in boundary adjustments to almost every electorate through the 1952 electoral redistribution; only five electorates were unaltered.^[2] Five electorates were reconstituted (including Manukau) and one was newly created, and a corresponding six electorates were abolished; all of these in the North Island.^[3] These changes took effect with the 1954 election.^[4]

The electorate was in the southern section of greater Auckland, and was centred on Manukau.

History

The electorate existed from 1881 to 1938^[5] and then from 1954 to 1978. It was represented by nine Members of Parliament.

Matthew Kirkbride was elected to the Manukau electorate in the 1902 general election, and held the electorate until he died in 1906.^[6] His death caused the 6 December 1906 Manukau by-election, which was won by Frederic Lang.^[7]

Bill Jordan was first elected in the 1922 general election and was confirmed in the next four elections.^[8] When the Labour Party won the 1935 general election and formed the First Labour Government of New Zealand, Jordan expected a cabinet position. Instead, he was appointed to the post of New Zealand High Commissioner to the United Kingdom, which had until that point been traditionally a retirement post for former cabinet ministers.^[9] His resignation from Parliament caused the 30 September 1936 Manukau by-election, which was won by Arthur Osborne.^[7]

Members of Parliament

Key

  Independent   Conservative   Liberal   Reform   Labour   National

Election	Winner
1881 election		Maurice O'Rorke
1884 election
1887 election
1890 election		Frank Buckland
1893 election		Maurice O'Rorke
1896 election
1896 election
1899 election
1902 election		Matthew Kirkbride
1905 election
1906 by-election		Frederic Lang
1908 election
1911 election
1914 election
1919 election
1922 election		Bill Jordan
1925 election
1928 election
1931 election
1935 election
1936 by-election		Arthur Osborne
(Electorate abolished 1938–1954; see Onehunga)
1954 election		Leon Götz
1957 election
1960 election
1963 election		Colin Moyle
1966 election
1969 election		Roger Douglas
1972 election
1975 election
(Electorate abolished in 1978; see Manurewa)

Election results

1975 election

1975 general election: Manukau^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Roger Douglas	7,495	47.65	−9.54
	National	Brian Leaming	6,817	43.34
	Social Credit	Robert McKee	760	4.83
	Values	Chris Jackson	626	3.98
	Socialist Unity	Alan Marston	18	0.11
	Liberal	Ron Te Rite Pahi	10	0.06
Majority			678	4.31	−16.46
Turnout			15,726	77.21	−9.16
Registered electors			20,366

1972 election

1972 general election: Manukau^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Roger Douglas	7,830	57.19	+7.74
	National	R O Price	4,986	36.42
	Social Credit	Frederick Coles Jordan	774	5.65	+0.24
	New Democratic	C E Inglis	100	0.73
Majority			2,844	20.77	+15.63
Turnout			13,690	86.37	+0.56
Registered electors			15,850

1969 election

1969 general election: Manukau^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Roger Douglas	8,404	49.45
	National	Ronald Alfred Walden	7,529	44.30
	Social Credit	Frederick Coles Jordan	921	5.41	−4.16
	Independent Labour	Barry Moss	140	0.82
Majority			875	5.14
Turnout			16,994	85.81	+1.28
Registered electors			19,802

1966 election

1966 general election: Manukau^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Colin Moyle	8,796	52.36	+2.41
	National	Max Louis Peers	6,068	36.12
	Social Credit	Frederick Coles Jordan	1,609	9.57	+5.55
	Independent	Simon Michael Mill	207	1.23
	Communist	Rita Smith	86	0.51
Majority			2,728	16.24	+11.38
Turnout			16,796	87.09	−4.22
Registered electors			19,284

1963 election

1963 general election: Manukau^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Colin Moyle	7,798	49.95
	National	Henry Christopher Pryor	7,009	44.90
	Social Credit	Frederick Coles Jordan	629	4.02
	Communist	Ray Gough	173	1.10
Majority			759	4.86
Turnout			15,609	91.31	−1.26
Registered electors			17,093

1960 election

1960 general election: Manukau^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Leon Götz	9,723	48.66	+0.78
	Labour	Cyril Stamp	9,478	47.43	+0.57
	Social Credit	Thomas Higham	778	3.89	−1.35
Majority			245	1.22	+0.21
Turnout			19,979	92.57	−1.31
Registered electors			21,581

1957 election

1957 general election: Manukau^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Leon Götz	7,480	47.88	−8.48
	Labour	Cyril Stamp	7,321	46.86	+9.91
	Social Credit	Thomas Higham	820	5.24
Majority			159	1.01	−18.40
Turnout			15,621	93.88	+4.14
Registered electors			16,638

1954 election

1954 general election: Manukau^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Leon Götz	8,918	56.36
	Labour	Cyril Stamp	5,846	36.95
	Social Credit	Douglas Lance Henderson	1,057	6.68
Majority			3,072	19.41
Turnout			15,821	89.74
Registered electors			17,628

1936 by-election

1936 Manukau by-election^[11]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Arthur Osborne	8,593	68.24
	National	Frederick Doidge	3,998	31.75
Informal votes			22	0.17	−0.40
Majority			4,595	36.49
Turnout			12,591	78.69	−11.10

1935 election

1935 general election: Manukau^[12]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Bill Jordan	9,345	70.22	+5.34
	Reform	Herbert Jenner Wily	2,943	22.11
	Democrat	Herbert Thornley	1,020	7.66
Informal votes			76	0.57	+0.35
Majority			6,402	48.10	+18.35
Turnout			13,308	89.79	+13.04
Registered electors			14,821

1931 election

1931 general election: Manukau^[13][14]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Bill Jordan	7,401	64.88	+10.75
	Reform	Stanley Rickards	4,007	35.12
Informal votes			48	0.42	−0.31
Majority			3,394	29.75	−0.41
Turnout			11,456	76.75	−11.46
Registered electors			14,927

1928 election

1928 general election: Manukau^[15][16]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Bill Jordan	6,567	54.13	+1.38
	United	Kells Mason	2,908	23.97
	Reform	Bertram Bunn	2,657	21.90
Informal votes			89	0.73	+0.12
Majority			3,659	30.16	+21.92
Turnout			12,221	88.21	−3.64
Registered electors			13,855

1925 election

1925 general election: Manukau^[17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Bill Jordan	6,748	52.75	+3.71
	Reform	Jack Massey	5,964	46.62
Informal votes			79	0.61	−0.32
Majority			1,054	8.24	+6.03
Turnout			12,791	91.85	+3.94
Registered electors			13,925

1922 election

1922 general election: Manukau^[18]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Bill Jordan	4,620	49.04
	Reform	Frederic Lang	4,411	46.82	−7.16
	Ind. Progressive	William Adnams	301	3.19
Informal votes			88	0.93	−0.19
Majority			209	2.21
Turnout			9,420	87.91	+5.70
Registered electors			10,715

1919 election

1919 general election: Manukau^[19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Reform	Frederic Lang	4,182	53.98	−2.55
	Labour	Rex Mason	2,304	29.74
	Liberal	Charles E. Major	1,173	15.14
Informal votes			87	1.12	−0.13
Majority			2,508	32.37	+19.31
Turnout			7,746	82.21	−2.19
Registered electors			9,422

1914 election

1914 general election: Manukau^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Reform	Frederic Lang	5,298	56.53	+1.14
	Liberal	John McLarin	4,074	43.46
Informal votes			118	1.25	−0.14
Majority			1,224	13.06	−19.16
Turnout			9,372	84.40	+4.19
Registered electors			11,103

1911 election

1911 general election: Manukau^[21]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Reform	Frederic Lang	3,965	55.39	+4.00
	Liberal	Ralph D. Stewart	1,658	23.16
	Liberal	Joseph Morton	1,435	20.04	+0.50
Informal votes			100	1.39	+0.25
Majority			2,307	32.22	+8.73
Turnout			7,158	80.21	−3.81
Registered electors			8,924

1908 election

1908 general election: Manukau^[22]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Reform	Frederic Lang	2,995	51.39	−14.76
	Independent	Alfred Creamer	1,626	27.90
	Liberal	Joseph Morton	1,139	19.54
Informal votes			67	1.14	+0.67
Majority			1,369	23.49	−9.29
Turnout			5,827	84.02	+23.50
Registered electors			6,935

1906 by-election

1906 Manukau by-election^[23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Frederic Lang	2,512	66.15
	Liberal	George Ballard	1,267	33.36
Informal votes			18	0.47	−0.47
Majority			1,245	32.78
Turnout			3,797	60.52	−25.28
Registered electors			6,273

1905 election

1905 general election: Manukau^[24]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Matthew Kirkbride	3,007	55.66	+3.15
	Liberal	Ralph D. Stewart	2,344	43.39
Informal votes			51	0.94
Majority			663	12.27	+7.25
Turnout			5,402	85.80	+8.62
Registered electors			6,296

1902 election

1902 general election: Manukau^[25]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Matthew Kirkbride	2,372	52.51
	Liberal	Sir Maurice O'Rorke	2,145	47.48	−2.80
Majority			227	5.02
Turnout			4,517	77.18	+3.18
Registered electors			5,852

1899 election

1899 general election: Manukau^[26][27]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Sir Maurice O'Rorke	1,967	50.28	−2.16
	Independent	John Edward Taylor	936	23.93
	Conservative	Frank Buckland	516	13.19	−32.63
	Conservative	Francis Hull	493	12.60
Informal votes			38	0.96	−0.76
Majority			1,031	26.35	+19.73
Turnout			3,950	74.00
Registered electors			5,338

1896 election

1896 general election: Manukau^[28]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Sir Maurice O'Rorke	1,702	52.44	+12.27
	Conservative	Frank Buckland	1,487	45.82	+14.64
Informal votes			56	1.72
Majority			215	6.62	−2.37
Turnout			3,245

1893 election

1893 general election: Manukau^[29][30]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Sir Maurice O'Rorke	1,126	40.17	−6.99
	Conservative	Frank Buckland	874	31.18	−21.32
	Independent	James Muir	799	28.50
	Independent	John McMahon	4	0.14
Majority			252	8.99
Turnout			2,803	69.41	+5.93
Registered electors			4,038

1890 election

1890 general election: Manukau^[31]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Frank Buckland	786	52.50
	Liberal	Sir Maurice O'Rorke	706	47.16
	Independent	Alex Grant	5	0.33
Majority			80	5.34
Turnout			1,497	63.48
Registered electors			2,358

Notes

1. McRobie 1989, pp. 43–48.
2. McRobie 1989, pp. 99f.
3. McRobie 1989, pp. 95–100.
4. McRobie 1989, p. 99.
5. Scholefield 1950, p. 160.
6. Scholefield 1950, p. 118.
7. Scholefield 1950, p. 119.
8. Scholefield 1950, p. 117.
9. Templeton, Malcolm. "Jordan, William Joseph - Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
10. Norton 1988, pp. 269.
11. "Final Figures". Auckland Star. Vol. LXVII, no. 237. 6 October 1936. p. 9. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
12. The General Election, 1935. National Library. 1936. pp. 1–35. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
13. "Election Results". Auckland Star. Vol. LXII, no. 290. 8 December 1931. p. 3. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
14. The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 3. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
15. Skinner, W. A. G. (1929). The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. p. 3. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
16. "Electoral". Auckland Star. Vol. LIX, no. 256. 29 October 1928. p. 5. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
17. The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. p. 2. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
18. The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. 1923. p. 2. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
19. Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
20. Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914. National Library. pp. 1–33. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
21. "The General Election, 1911". National Library. 1912. pp. 1–14. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
22. "The General Election, 1908". National Library. 1909. pp. 1–34. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
23. "Declaration of Result of Poll for the Electoral District of Manukau". Auckland Star. Vol. XXXVII, no. 292. 14 December 1906. p. 8.
24. The General Election, 1905. p. 3. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
25. The General Election, 1902. National Library. 1903. p. 1. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
26. "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 1. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
27. "Electoral District of Manukau". Observer. Vol. XVIII, no. 1094. 16 December 1899. p. 19. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
28. "Electoral District of Manukau". The Observer. Vol. XVI, no. 938. 19 December 1896. p. 17.
29. The General Election, 1893. Government Printer. 1894. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
30. "The General Election". Otago Daily Times. 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
31. "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.

References

• McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
• Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
• Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.
• Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.