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Mangkunegaran
Princely state in Java, Indonesia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Principality of Mangkunegaran (Indonesian: Kadipaten Mangkunegaran) was a small Javanese princely state located within the region of Surakarta in Indonesia. It was established in 1757 by Raden Mas Said, when he submitted his army to Pakubuwono III in February, and swore allegiance to the rulers of Surakarta, Yogyakarta, and the Dutch East Indies Company, and was given an appanage of 4000 households.[1]
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The Palace of the rulers of Mangkunegaran was established by Raden Mas Said who signed a treaty with the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in 1757. By the treaty, he became the ruler of a part of Eastern Mataram and was henceforth known as Mangkunegara I. Known as Pura Mangkunegaran, the palace is located in the center of the city of Solo.[2]
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Formation
Mangkunegaran is formed based on the Treaty of Salatiga (or Kalicacing Treaty) that was signed on 17 March 1757 in Salatiga to appease the rebellion conducted by Raden Mas Said (Prince Sambernyawa) against the Dutch East India Company and Pakubuwono III, the Sunan of Surakarta Sunanate after the breakup of the Mataram Sultanate through the Treaty of Giyanti signed two years prior.[3]
Based on the Treaty of Salatiga, Raden Mas Said was given the title of Pangeran Miji[4] and gained the right to control the lungguh region to the north, east, and southeast of the capital of the Surakarta Sunanate. The area of this region is relatively 49% of the Nagara Agung (the core area around the capital) of the Surakarta Sunanate after 1830, namely at the end of the Diponegoro War. Its territory now includes the northern part of Surakarta (the entire Banjarsari District and parts of the northern side of Jebres and Laweyan Districts, Surakarta), the entirety of Karanganyar Regency, Wonogiri Regency, and parts of the Ngawen and Semin Districts in Gunung Kidul Regency.[5][6][7]
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Politics
Summarize
Perspective
By tradition, the rulers of Mangkunegaran was called Mangkunegara. Raden Mas Said became the 1st Duke of Mangkunegaran. They ruled from their official seat of Pura Mangkunegaran in Surakarta. The ruler of the Mangkunegaran Palace, based on the agreement that established it, is entitled to the title of Pangeran Adipati (formally Kangjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Mangkunegara Senapati ing Ayudha Sudibyaningprang), but not the title of Susuhunan or Sultan. The Mangkunegaran Palace is a Duchy, thus its position is lower than that of the Surakarta Sunanate and the Yogyakarta Sultanate.[4] This distinct status is reflected in several traditions that still exist today, such as the number of bedhaya dancers, which is seven, rather than nine, as in the Surakarta Sunanate. However, unlike the Duchy of Surakarta in earlier periods, Mangkunegaran enjoyed extensive autonomy, having the right to maintain its own independent army (known as the Mangkunegaran Legion) without intervention from the Sunanate.[6]
After the independence of Indonesia, the ruling duke Mangkunegara VIII together with Sunan Pakubuwono XII pledged to have their realms be part of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia on 19 August 1945, further legalized by a royal decree on 1 September 1945. Initially, the Mangkunegaran and the Sunanate of Surakarta became the Special Region of Surakarta. However due to political instability, the special region status was revoked by the central government. The Mangkunegaran Palace continues to function as a ceremonial monarchy, guarding Javanese culture, particularly the Javanese gagrag (style) culture of Surakarta sub-Mangkunegaran. After Mangkunegara VIII died and his first son, G.P.H. Raditya Prabukusuma, had already died before him, the next heir to the throne was his second son, G.P.H. Sujiwakusuma, who later took the title Mangkunegara IX.[8]
The rulers of the Mangkunegaran Kingdom are not buried in the Imogiri Palace, but rather in the Mangadeg Palace and Girilayu Palace, located on the slopes of Mount Lawu in Karanganyar Regency. The exception is the tomb of Mangkunegara VI, who is buried in the North Palace in Surakarta.
The official colors of the Mangkunegaran flag are golden yellow and green, nicknamed Pareanom (young pare), which can be seen on the emblem, flag, pataka, and samir worn by the courtiers and relatives of the Mangkunegaran Palace.
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List of The Ruler of Mangkunegaran
The Duke of Mangkunegaran holds a title Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Aryo (His Royal Highness Duke)
- HRH Mangkunegara I, 1st Duke of Mangkunegaran (1757–1796)
- HRH Mangkunegara II, 2nd Duke of Mangkunegaran (1796–1835)
- HRH Mangkunegara III, 3rd Duke of Mangkunegaran (1835–1853)
- HRH Mangkunegara IV, 4th Duke of Mangkunegaran (1853–1881)
- HRH Mangkunegara V, 5th Duke of Mangkunegaran (1881–1896)
- HRH Mangkunegara VI, 6th Duke of Mangkunegaran (1896–1916)
- HRH Mangkunegara VII, 7th Duke of Mangkunegaran (1916–1944)
- HRH Mangkunegara VIII, 8th Duke of Mangkunegaran (1944–1987)
- HRH Mangkunegara IX, 9th Duke of Mangkunegaran (1987–2021)
- HRH Mangkunegara X, 10th Duke of Mangkunegaran (2022–present)
See also
References
External links
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