Madras Regiment
Regiment in the Indian Army From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Regiment in the Indian Army From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Madras Regiment is the oldest infantry regiment of the Indian Army, originating in the 1750s as a unit of the British East India Company. The regiment took part in numerous campaigns with the British Indian Army and the post-independence Indian Army. The Madras Regiment primarily recruits from the erstwhile Madras state (present-day Tamil Nadu, southern Karnataka, parts of Andhra Pradesh, and northern Kerala) and the kingdom of Mysore (present-day Karnataka). However, the 9th and 16th battalions were later formed from troops from the kingdoms of Travancore and Cochin in present day Kerala.
| The Madras Regiment | |
|---|---|
.svg) Regimental Insignia of The Madras Regiment | |
| Active | 1758–present |
| Country |  British India India |
| Branch |  British Indian Army Indian Army |
| Type | Line infantry |
| Size | 21 Battalions[citation needed] |
| Regimental Centre | Wellington, Udhagamandalam (Ooty), Tamil Nadu |
| Motto(s) | Swadharme Nidhanam Shreyaha (It is a glory to die doing one’s duty) |
| War cry | “Veera Madrassi, Adi Kollu, Adi Kollu, Adi Kollu !”
Meaning “O Brave Madrassi, Hit And Kill, Hit And Kill, Hit And Kill !” (The phrase "Adi... Kollu..." took from the war of the Nair army of Travancore Kingdom) |
| Decorations | 2 Victoria Crosses 8 Military Cross 1 Ashoka Chakra 5 Maha Vir Chakra 36 Vir Chakras 304 Sena Medals 1 Nao Sena Medal 15 Param Vishisht Seva Medals 9 Kirti Chakras 27 Shaurya Chakras 1 Uttam Yudh Seva Medal 2 Yudh Seva Medals 23 Ati Vishisht Seva Medals 47 Vishisht Seva Medals 151 Mention-in-Despatches 512 COAS's Commendation Cards 271 GOC-in-C's Commendation Cards 3 Jeevan Rakshak Padak 7 COAS Unit Citations 7 GOC Unit Citation |
| Battle honours | Post Independence Tithwal, Punch, Kalidhar, Maharajke, Siramani and Basantar River. |
| Commanders | |
| Colonel of the Regiment | Lt Gen Manjinder Singh, YSM, VSM |
| Insignia | |
| Regimental Insignia | An Assaye Elephant posed upon a shield with two crossed swords |
| Flag of The Regiment |  |
The town of Madras was founded in 1639 and the first Fort Saint George in 1644. In August 1758, they were formed into regular companies of 100 men each with a due proportion of Indian officers, havildars, naiks, etc. and in December of that year the first two battalions were formed with a European subaltern to each company and a captain to command the whole. (These officers were mostly seconded from the King's service with a step-in rank. They were of a better class, better educated and above all had far more military experience than the company's officers).[1]
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The Madras Regiment was initially formed as the Madras European Regiment in the 1660s by the East India Company as the second company established in India. However, it was formed as a battalion in 1748 under the command of Major Stringer Lawrence. The battalion was involved in all the battles against the French forces in India.[2][3] Lawrence structured the regiment to include two battalions, one European and one Sepoy India. They were similar in structure and included seven companies each, with each company including three officers in command and seventy privates. Also part of the companies were four sergeants and corporals and three drummers.[4]
In 1748, Major Stringer Lawrence, a veteran of action in Spain, Flanders and the Highlands, was hired by the East India Company to take charge of the defence of Cuddalore. He laid the foundations of what was to become the Indian Army. Training the levies to become a militia, the Madras Levies were formed into "companies" and trained to become a disciplined and fine fighting force. In 1758, Lawrence raised the Madras Regiment, forming the several Companies of Madras Levies into two battalions. 2 Madras was raised in 1776 as the 15th Carnatic Infantry at Thanjavur (and underwent many name changes thereafter). The original title of these battalions was 'Coast Sepoys'. In 1769, these battalions were numbered and named differently with the battalions in the South being called 'Carnatic' and numbering 1 to 13, while those serving in the North were named 'Circar' and numbered 1 to 6. In 1784, this distinction between 'Carnatic' and 'Circar' was abolished and they were henceforth known as 'Madras' battalions. In 1796, the units were numbered 1st to 50th Madras Native Infantry. In 1891, the word 'Native' was dropped.[5]
The regiment has been through many campaigns with the British Indian Army and the Indian Army. Many well-known British officers have commanded this regiment, among them Robert Clive. This regiment fought in the Carnatic wars, which were fought in South India. The elephant crest symbolises its gallantry in the Battle of Assaye under Arthur Wellesley, later Duke of Wellington.[6]
There after the British annexed the Indian sub-continent, largely with the help of the Madras Regiment sepoys. A British mercenary force to eliminate the native rulers like the Mysore Kingdom and the Polygars such as Puli Thevan, Dheeran Chinnamalai, Maruthu brothers, Kattabomman, Pazhassi Raja, etc., at its zenith in the 1800s, the regiment consisted of 52 battalions. The regiment saw many overseas deployments during this period – First Anglo-Burmese War, First Opium War of 1839-42, Second Anglo-Burmese War of 1852-54.[5][7]
The regiment played an important role in suppressing the First War of Indian Independence Sepoy Mutiny 1857 campaign in Lucknow and Central India, Second Anglo-Afghan War of 1879-80, Third Anglo-Burmese War of 1885-87 and during the Boxer Rebellion in China in 1900.[8] The coming of the British rule and merging of the Presidency armies into a British Indian Army led the erstwhile regiments to be reorganised. After conquest of India, the main perceived threat to British was from Russia. So, recruitment was re-oriented towards north Indians of Punjab and Nepal. This resulted in the British reducing the strength of the Madras Regiment, since the southern borders were relatively peaceful. As part of this change, seventeen Madras regiments, were converted into Punjab and Gorkha regiments between 1890 and 1903. They were renamed the 1st, 2nd and 8th Punjab and 1/7th and 1/10th Gorkha Rifles.
By the time of World War I, the once large regiment was left with eight Carnatic Regiments, the 63rd, 73rd, 75th, 79th, 80th, 83rd, 86th and 88th. These battalions were with a reduced strength of 600 men, as they were intended to perform duties of garrison troops only. During 1917-18, eight additional battalions were raised. In 1922, the regiment was allotted one regiment each of Pioneers and Infantry. During the re-organisation of the Indian Army in 1922, the regiments were numbered according to their seniority. The 1st and 2nd Punjab Regiments, which ironically were raised from senior Madras Regiment battalions were given precedence and the regiment was renamed as 3rd Madras Regiment. Following the great war, nearly the whole of the regiment was disbanded between 1922 and 1928. What remained were four Indian Territorial Force (ITF) and one University Training Corps battalions. This decline was arrested in 1941, when Sir Arthur Hope, the then Governor of Madras put in efforts to revive the regiment. The ITF battalions were converted to regular ones and new ones raised. A training centre was raised at Madukkarai in Coimbatore district in July 1942. After many years, the regiment was re-raised with fresh recruits and a draft of troops from the Queen's own Sappers and Miners (Madras Paraiyar Regiment) and the Madras Sappers during World War II. The newly reborn Madras Regiment performed very creditably during the Burma Campaign. In 1947, the numeral ‘3’ was dropped from the name of the regiment and it came to be known by its present name.[5][9]
After independence, the infantry battalions of the Travancore "Nair Pattalam", Cochin and Mysore State forces were amalgamated into the Madras Regiment. This included what is now the 9th Battalion, which is the oldest battalion of the Regiment (and thus the Indian Army). It was formerly known as the Nair Brigade (Nair Pattalam/"Nair Army"). This militia was raised in 1704 at Padmanabhapuram as body guards for the Maharajah of Travancore, and saw action in the Battle of Colachel by defeating the Dutch forces. The army was made up of soldiers from Nair warrior clans, however after the 1940s, non-Nairs were permitted to join. The "Nair Army" became incorporated into the Indian Army in April 1951.[10][11]
Post-independence saw the consolidation of the Regiment and re-affirmation of the versatility and valour of the South Indian troops, when the battalions of the Regiment fought fierce battles during the 1947–48 Jammu & Kashmir Operations, the 1962 Sino-Indian Conflict, the Indo-Pak Wars of 1965 and 1971 and Operation Pawan in 1987–89 as a part of the IPKF.[12]
The regiment still recruits heavily from Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh with a slight majority of Tamil- and Malayalam-speaking recruits. Drill commands by NCOs are commonly given in Tamil or Malayalam. However, since the 1990s the percentage from Kannadiga and Telugu speaking recruits has increased, commands are also given through Telugu and Kannada. As is the practice in all the army, the officers of the regiment can be from any part of India.
The present Crest of the Madras Regiment consists of the Assaye Elephant surmounting a pair of Malabar swords with a shield at the crossing, and a scroll below inscribed 'THE MADRAS REGIMENT'. It is bi-metallic, the shield being in brass and the rest in white chrome. The elephant faces west as seen from the front, and has an arched back, a slightly curved trunk, tusks pointing upwards, and a sagging belly, with the tuft of the tail resting at the rear edge of its left thigh. The Assaye Elephant was sanctioned as a special honour-badge to the 2nd, 4th, 8th, 10th and 24th Madras Infantry following the victory at the Battle of Assaye in 1803.[13]
During the Victorian era, European officers within the Madras regiments largely followed British regulations, as photographic evidence and surviving uniforms conform to the standard British pattern tunics, including but not limited to the 1856, 1867, and 1881 pattern officer's tunics. The transition from coatee to tunic is believed to have taken place from January 1856 onwards, as Dress Regulations of the army dictate that tunics were to be purchased once coatees had been worn. Regimental facings were often regimentally specific; for example, the 27th Madras regiment wore scarlet tunics with yellow facings, and the buttons were gilt with the battle honor 'Mahdipore'.[14] European officers at first in the 1850's wore the 'Air Tube Styled' tropical helmet but later transitioned to the official pattern Foreign Service Helmet with a regimentally specific puggaree.[15]
The present uniform of the Madras Regiment includes a green lanyard on the left shoulder and the shoulder title Madras (brass / green letters over scarlet background). The green beret (common to all infantry units in India) has the regimental crest on a scarlet diamond base stitched to the beret and a black pom pom. The latter, a black woollen ball, is unique to the Regiment and it gives a distinct identification. It was adopted on 07 January 1949 following a proposal by the then Commanding Officer of 4 Madras (WLI) - Lieutenant Colonel MK Sheriff.[16] The regimental turban is worn by personnel during ceremonial occasions, parades, on guard duty and by those in the regimental band. It was adopted in November 1979 and consists of a dark green background with yellow, scarlet and white stripes. On the left of the wearer is a yellow silken jhallar with the same stripes. On the front top is a black pom pom and below is the regimental crest on a scarlet background.[17]
The motto of the regiment is from chapter 3, verse 35 of Bhagavad Gita. It is स्वधर्मे निधनं श्रेय: (Swadharme Nidhanam Shreyaha), which translates to “It is glory to die doing one’s duty”. The motto was adopted 08 June 1955. The war cry of the regiment is “Veera madrassi, adi kollu, adi kollu, adi kollu !”, which means “O brave Madrassi, hit and kill, hit and kill, hit and kill !”. This was adopted during the Battalion Commanders’ Conference in 1969.[18] The salutation used by the regiment is ‘Namaskaram’. It was adopted by 4 Madras (WLI) in 1956 and subsequently adopted by all the battalions.[19]
The Madras Regimental Centre is presently located in Wellington and is commanded by an officer of the rank of Brigadier. The centre traces its history to the raising of the 36 Madras Battalion at Tanjore in 1794.[20] The unit has been subsequently designated as 2/13 Madras Native Infantry (1798), 26 Madras Native Infantry (1824), 86th Carnatic Infantry (1903) and 10/3rd Madras Regiment (1922) it was subsequently placed under suspended animation. The Centre was re-raised at Madukkarai as the 3rd Madras Regiment - Recruits Training Centre on 19 July 1942. The centre received the colours of old 10/3rd Madras Regiment on 23 September 1942 (Assaye Day).
The centre relocated from Madukkarai to its present location in Wellington in February 1947.[21] It occupied the Wellington barracks, which were built between 1852 and 1860. The Wellington barracks was subsequently renamed Shrinagesh Barracks after independence.[22] The museum of Madras Regimental Centre is located in the Shrinagesh Barracks Complex and was inaugurated in 1993.[23] The Madras Regiment Record Office was formed in Madukkarai in October 1942 and moved to Wellington in 1947.[24]
The Madras Regiment Band a full-time military band, that serves as part of the Madras Regimental Centre in Wellington. It was raised in 1951 purely as a brass band and has evolved over the years to become a symphonic band as well. Today, it consists of a concert band, a brass band and a percussion section.[25] It performs at arrival ceremonies for state visits as well as state dinner hosted at the Rashtrapati Bhavan by the President of India, as well as regimental and community events.[26]
Let those who come after, see to it that these names be not forgotten,
For they who at the call of duty, left all that was dear to them,
Endured hardships, faced dangers, and finally passed out of sight of men,
In the path of duty and self-sacrifice, Giving their lives that we might live in freedom.
The list consists of 21 battalions, four Rashtriya Rifles battalions and three Territorial Army battalions.[27][28]
 |
| Battalion | Raising Date | Former designations | Battle honours | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Battalion | 1776 | 13th Carnatic Battalion (1776), 2/3rd Madras Native Infantry (1796), 13th Madras Infantry (1885), 73rd Carnatic Infantry (1903), 11th Madras Infantry ITF (1933), 1st Battalion, The Madras Regiment (1942) | Carnatic, Sholinghur, Mysore, Seringapatam, Burma 1885-87, Mount Popa, Tithwal, Kalidhar | Re-organised as a mechanised infantry regiment in 1969 and joined Mechanised Infantry Regiment in 1979 |
| 2nd Battalion | 1776 | 15th Carnatic Battalion (1776), 2/4th Madras Native Infantry (1796), 15th Madras Infantry (1885), 75th Carnatic Infantry (1903), 2/3rd Madras Regiment (1922 and 1940), 2nd Battalion, The Madras Regiment (1942) | Carnatic 1780-84, Sholinghur, Mysore 1790-92, Afghanistan 1879-80, Burma 1885-87, Mesopotamia 1916-18 | Disbanded in 1926 and re-raised in September 1940 from 12th Malabar Battalion ITF, was a Para battalion between 1946 and 1950 |
| 3rd Battalion | 1777 | 20th Carnatic Battalion (1777), 2/7th Madras Native Infantry (1796), 19th Madras Infantry (1885), 79th Carnatic Infantry (1893), 3rd Battalion Madras Regiment (1922), 1st (Territorial) Battalion, 79 Carnatic Infantry (1922), 13th (Malabar) Battalion, 3rd Madras Regiment (1922), 13th Malabar Battalion ITF (1929), 3rd Battalion Madras Regiment (1941) | Carnatic, Sholinghur, Mysore, Seringapatam, Pegu, Central India, Mesopotamia | Disbanded and re-raised as a Territorial Army battalion in 1922, disbanded in 1950 and re-raised in 1962 |
| 4th Battalion | 1794 | 33rd Madras Native Infantry (1794), 1/12th Madras Native Infantry (1796), 23rd Wallajahabad Light Infantry (1824), 83rd Wallajahabad Light Infantry (1903), 1/3rd Madras Regiment (WLI) (1922), 4/3rd Madras Regiment (1942), ), 4th Battalion (WLI), The Madras Regiment | Seringapatnam 1799, Nagpore, Burma 1885-1887, East Africa, Mesopotamia, Baghdad, Persia, Tamu Road, Ukhrul, Ava, Kama, Punch, Maharajke | Disbanded in 1923, re-raised in 1942 |
| 5th Battalion | 1759 | 4th Battalion, Coastal Sepoys (1759), 3rd Carnatic Battalion (1770), 1/3rd Madras Native Infantry (1796), 63rd Palamcottah Light Infantry (1903), 5/3rd Madras Regiment (1943) | Disbanded 1922, re-raised 1943, disbanded 1947, re-raised 1963. Nicknamed Ferocious Five | |
| 6th Battalion | 1777 | 21st Carnatic Battalion (1777), 2/2nd Madras Native Infantry (1796), 20th Madras Native Infantry (1824), 20th Madras Infantry (1885), 80th Carnatic Infantry (1903), 6/3rd Madras Regiment (1943) | Carnatic, Sholinghur, Mysore, Seringapatnam 1799 , Basantar | Disbanded in 1921, re-raised in 1943, disbanded 1947, re-raised 1963. |
| 7th Battalion | 1798 | 2/14th Madras Native Infantry (1798), 28th Madras Native Infantry (1824), 28th Madras Infantry (1885), 88th Carnatic Infantry (1903), 7/3rd Madras Regiment (1943) | Mahidpore, Nagpore, Ava, China 1900 | Disbanded in 1921, re-raised in 1943, disbanded 1946, re-raised 1964. Nicknamed Shandaar Saat |
| 8th Battalion | 1948 | Nicknamed Gallant Guerrillas | ||
| 9th Battalion | 1704 | 1st Battalion, Nair Brigade (1830), 1st Battalion, Travancore Nair Infantry (1835), 9th Battalion, The Madras Regiment (Travancore) (1948) | Burki, Punjab 1965 | Former Princely State Forces Unit, Travancore |
| 10th Battalion | 1984 | |||
| 11th Battalion | 1980 | Old Territorial Battalion | ||
| 12th Battalion | 1981 | Old Territorial Battalion, nicknamed Bahadur Barah | ||
| 16th Battalion | 1819 | 2nd Battalion, Travancore Nair Infantry (1819), 16th Battalion, The Madras Regiment (Travancore) (1954) | Basantar | Former Princely State Forces Unit, Travancore |
| 17th Battalion | 1943 | Nair Brigade (1860), Cochin State Infantry (1943), 17th Battalion, The Madras Regiment (Cochin) (1953) | Former Princely State Forces Unit Cochin | |
| 18th Battalion | 1859 | 1st Mysore Infantry (1895), 18th Battalion, The Madras Regiment (Mysore) (1953) | Former Princely State Forces Unit Mysore | |
| 19th Battalion | 1777 | 20th Carnatic Battalion (1777), 1/7th Madras Native Infantry (1796), 19th Madras Native Infantry (1824), 19th Madras Infantry (1885), 79th Carnatic Infantry (1903), 3/3rd Madras Regiment (1922), 19th Battalion, the Madras Regiment (1966) | Disbanded 1923, re-raised 1942, disbanded 1950, re-raised 1966. | |
| 20th Battalion | 2009 | Nicknamed The Mighty Twenty | ||
| 21st Battalion | 2011 | |||
| 25th Battalion | 1942 | 25/3rd Madras Regiment (1942) | Raised as a garrison battalion, disbanded in 1946, re-raised in 1966. | |
| 26th Battalion | 1942 | 26/3rd Madras Regiment (1942) | Siramani | Raised as a garrison battalion, disbanded in 1946, re-raised in 1967. Nicknamed Tuskers Battalion and Ashok Chakra Paltan |
| 27th Battalion | 1943 | 27/3rd Madras Regiment (1943) | Maheidpore | Raised as a garrison battalion, disbanded 1946. Re-raised 1971. |
| 28th Battalion | 1942 | 3rd Coastal Defence Battalion (1942) | Raised in 1942 , disbanded in 1946, re-raised in 1976 | |
| 8 Rashtriya Rifles | ||||
| 25 Rashtriya Rifles | 1994 | |||
| 38 Rashtriya Rifles | ||||
| 54 Rashtriya Rifles | ||||
| 110th Infantry Battalion (TA) | 1949 | Territorial Army battalion situated in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu | ||
| 122nd Infantry Battalion (TA) | 1949 | 51st Light Armoured Regiment (TA) (1949), 122nd Infantry Battalion (TA) (1956) | Territorial Army battalion situated in Kannur, Kerala, was previous affiliated to the Punjab Regiment. | |
| 172nd Infantry Battalion (TA) | 2017 | Territorial Army battalion situated in Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands | ||
The battle honours in italics indicate those awarded prior to the independence of India.
The list of battle honours is evidence to the long history and valour of the regiment. Some of these honours have been declared repugnant after the independence of the country.[41]
The theatre honours earned by the battalions of the regiment are as follows[42] -
The Colonel of the regiment is a senior officer of the regiment, usually the senior-most, who is a father-figure to the regiment and looks after the interests of the regiment. This is a tradition and position that the Indian Army has inherited from the British Army. The officers who have graced this position are as follows -[50][51][52][53]
| Name | Date |
|---|---|
| Captain Sir Arthur Hope, KCIE, MC, Governor of Madras | 25 September 1942 to 09 August 1946 |
| Lieutenant General Archibald Nye, GCIE, KCB, KBE, MC, Governor of Madras | 10 August 1946 to 31 March 1949 |
| General SM Shrinagesh | 01 April 1949 to 31 March 1961 |
| Lieutenant General RS Noronha, PVSM, MC* | 01 April 1961 to 04 September 1973 |
| Major General SP Mahadevan, AVSM | 05 September 1973 to 30 June 1982 |
| Lieutenant General Sami Khan, PVSM, SM | 01 July 1986 to 31 March 1989 |
| Lieutenant General VK Singh, PVSM, ADC | 01 April 1989 to 31 March 1994 |
| Lieutenant General MM Walia, PVSM, AVSM, SM | 01 April 1994 to 30 April 1996 |
| Lieutenant General AS Rao, PVSM, AVSM | 01 May 1996 to 31 October 2001 |
| Lieutenant General DS Chauhan, PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, VSM | 01 November 2001 to 31 December 2003 |
| Lieutenant General AK Chopra, PVSM, AVSM | 22 December 2004 to 30 November 2006 |
| Major General VDI Devavaram, SM, VSM | 01 January 2004 to 21 December 2004, 01 December 2006 to 31 December 2007 |
| Lieutenant General PG Kamath, PVSM, AVSM, YSM, SM | 01 January 2008 to 31 Mar 2013 |
| Lieutenant General Jai Prakash Nehra, AVSM** | 01 April 2013 to 23 October 2014 |
| Lieutenant General SL Narasimhan, PVSM, AVSM*, VSM | 24 October 2014 to 31 May 2016 |
| Lieutenant General Rajeev Chopra, PVSM, AVSM, ADC | 01 June 2016 to |
| Lieutenant General Manjinder Singh, YSM, VSM | Incumbent |
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