List of super cyclonic storms
List of tropical cyclones by scale From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Super cyclonic storm is the highest category used by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) to classify tropical cyclones, within the North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin between the Malay Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Within the basin, a super cyclonic storm is defined as a tropical cyclone that has 3-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of at least 120 knots (220 km/h; 140 mph). The category was formally introduced during the 1999 season alongside Very Severe Cyclonic Storms, in order to replace the previously used Severe Cyclonic Storm with Core of Hurricane Winds. There have been at least nine storms that have attained such an intensity. The most recent super cyclonic storm was Cyclone Amphan in 2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season.
Background
The North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin is located to the north of the Equator, and encompasses the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, between the Malay Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula.[1][2] The basin is officially monitored by the India Meteorological Department's Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in New Delhi.[1][2] Within the basin a Super Cyclonic Storm is defined as a tropical cyclone, that has 3-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of at least 120 knots (220 km/h; 140 mph).[1][2] The category was introduced during 1999 alongside Very Severe Cyclonic Storms in order, to replace the previously used Severe Cyclonic Storm with Core of Hurricane Winds.[2] Should a Super Cyclonic Storm impact land at or near its peak intensity, then it is expected to cause large scale flooding and extensive structural damage to residential and industrial buildings as well as bridges.[3] It is also expected to disrupt communications and the power supply as well as large-scale disruption to rail and road traffic.[3]
Systems
| Name | Dates as a super cyclonic storm[nb 1] |
Duration | Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD)[nb 2] |
Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calcutta | October 1737 | Not Specified | Not Specified | Not Specified | West Bengal | 300,000 | Unknown | [4] |
| Great Backerganj | October 29 - November 1, 1876 | Not Specified | 220 km/h (140 mph) | Not Specified | Bangladesh | 200,000 | Unknown | [5] |
| Odisha | September 1885 | Not Specified | Not Specified | 919 hPa (27.14 inHg) | Odisha | 5,000 | Unknown | [4] |
| Rameswaram | December 8, 1964 | Not Specified | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Sri Lanka, India | 1,800 | $150 million | [6] |
| Myanmar | May 9 - 10, 1968 | 1 day | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 953 hPa (28.14 inHg) | Myanmar | 1,000 | [7] | |
| Andhra Pradesh | November 18 - 19, 1977 | 1 day | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 943 hPa (27.85 inHg) | [8] | |||
| Sri Lanka | November 23 - 24, 1978 | 1 day | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 938 hPa (27.70 inHg) | [9] | |||
| Gay | November 1989 | Not Specified | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Thailand, Myanmar, India | 1,036 | $521 million | |
| Andhra Pradesh | May 8, 1990 | 18 hours | 235 km/h (145 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | India | 967 | $600 million | [10] |
| Bangladesh | April 29, 1991 | 1 day | 235 km/h (145 mph) | 918 hPa (27.11 inHg) | Bangladesh, Northeastern India, Myanmar | 138,866 | $1.7 billion | [11] |
| Odisha | October 28 - 29, 1999 | 18 hours | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 912 hPa (26.93 inHg) | Thailand, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India | 9,887 | $4.44 billion | [12] |
| Gonu | June 6, 2007 | 6 hours | 235 km/h (145 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | Oman, United Arab Emirates, Iran, Pakistan | 78 | $4.44 billion | [13] |
| Kyarr | October 27 - 29, 2019 | 2 days 3 hours | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 922 hPa (27.23 inHg) | Western India, Oman, United Arab Emirates Socotra, Somalia | 5 | Minimal | [14] |
| Amphan | May 18 - 19, 2020 | 1 day | 245 km/h (150 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | Sri Lanka, Eastern India, Bangladesh | 128 | $14.3 billion |
Climatology
| Month | Number of storms |
|---|---|
| April | |
| May | |
| June | |
| September | |
| October | |
| November | |
| December |
| Period | Number of storms |
|---|---|
| Pre-1960's | |
| 1960's | |
| 1970s | |
| 1980s | |
| 1990s | |
| 2000s | |
| 2010s | |
| 2020s |
See also
Notes
- Dates are given in Coordinated Universal Time.
References
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