List of southernmost items

The most southerly geographical features of various types are listed here.

Cities and settlements

See also: Southernmost settlements

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Capital (of an independent nation)	Wellington, New Zealand	41°17′20″S 174°46′38″E
Permanent settlement of any size	Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica	90°S 0°E
Settlement capable of housing more than 1,000 people[1]	McMurdo Station, Antarctica	77°51′S 166°40′E
Hamlet (excluding research stations)	Puerto Toro, Chile	55°5′0″S 67°4′30″W
Town > 1,000 people	Puerto Williams, Chile	54°56′S 67°37′W
City > 50,000 people	Ushuaia, Argentina	54°48′S 68°18′W
City > 100,000 people	Punta Arenas, Chile	53°10′S 70°56′W
City > 150,000 people	Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina	45°51′53″S 67°28′51″W
City > 250,000 people	Christchurch, New Zealand	43°31′48″S 172°37′13″E
City > 500,000 people	Mar del Plata, Argentina	38°00′S 57°33′W
Metropolitan area > 5,000,000 people	Melbourne, Australia	37°48′49″S 144°57′47″E
Metropolitan area > 15,000,000 people	Buenos Aires, Argentina	34°36′12″S 58°22′54″W
Metropolitan area > 20,000,000 people	São Paulo, Brazil	23°33′06″S 46°38′01″W

Geography

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Body of water (navigable)	Bay of Whales, Ross Sea	78°30′S 164°20′W
Land (excluding Antarctica)	Thule Island, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	59°31′50″S 27°23′50″W

Islands

See also: List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Any island (above sea level)	Deverall Island	81°28′S 161°54′E
Any island (with bare rock, not ice-covered)	Ross Island	77°50′S 166°40′E
Any size excluding Antarctica	Thule Island	59°27′S 27°18′W
Island > 10,000 km2 excluding Antarctica	Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina/Chile	55°02′S 56°27′W
Island > 100,000 km2	South Island, New Zealand	46°40′S 169°00′E
Coral atoll	Elizabeth Reef, Australia	29°57′S 159°04′E

The southernmost point of Berkner Island is further south than any of these, but its bedrock lies entirely below sea level, with only its ice covering rising above.

Nature

Animals

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Bird: South polar skua (Stercorarius maccormicki)	seen at the South Pole[2]	90°S 0°E
Amphibian: Gray four-eyed frog (Pleurodema bufoninum)	Southern tip of South America[3]	53°54′S 71°18′W
Mammal: Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)	Southern Ocean[4][5]	80th parallel south
Land mammal: Olive grass mouse (Abrothrix olivacea)	Hornos Island, Chile[6]	55°56′38.68″S 67°17′21″W
Marsupial: Patagonian opossum (Lestodelphys halli)	Estancia La Madrugada, Argentina[7]	47°06′00″S 66°29′01″W
Reptile: Liolaemus magellanicus	Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego[8]	52°22′57″S 68°24′36″W
Insect: Antarctic midge (Belgica antarctica)	Refuge Islands[9][10]	68°21′S 67°10′W
Fish: Gymnoscopelus nicholsi, Gymnoscopelus braueri, Electrona antarctica	Ross Sea[11]	75th parallel south

Plants

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Flowering plants (in greenhouses)	Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica[12]	90°00′S 139°16′W
Ferns (Blechnum penna-marina, naturally occurring)	Hornos Island, Chile[13]	55°56′38.68″S 67°16′51″W
Grass and flowering plants (naturally occurring)	Terra Firma Islands, Antarctica[14]	68°42′S 67°32′W
Trees (Nothofagus betuloides, naturally occurring)	Hornos Island, Chile[15]	55°58′S 67°15′W
Conifers (Pilgerodendron uviferum, naturally occurring)	Tierra del Fuego, Chile[16][17]	54°20′S 70°7′W
Palms (nikau (Rhopalostylis sapida), naturally occurring)	Chatham Islands, New Zealand[18]	44°02′S 176°26′W

Agriculture

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Cattle farm	Estancia Moat, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina[19]	54°58′32″S 66°44′41″W
Cherry orchard	Los Antiguos, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina[20]	46°32′30″S 71°39′20″W
Potato farm	Centro Experimental Kampenaike, Magallanes Region, Chile[21]	52°37′59″S 70°32′41″W
Rice field	San Nicolás, Ñuble Region, Chile[22][23]	36°30′12″S 72°12′44″W
Vineyard	Chile Chico, Aysén Region, Chile[24]	46°32′00″S 71°41′16″W

Education

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
International Baccalaureate school	John McGlashan College, Dunedin, New Zealand[25]	45°51′17″S 170°29′55″E
University	National University of Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina[26]	54°48′57″S 68°19′04″W
Kindergarten	Puerto Williams,[27] Chile	54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W
Secondary school	Puerto Williams, Chile[28]	54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W
Primary school	Escuela Nº 38 "Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín", Esperanza Base, Antarctica[29]	63°24′S 57°00′W

Science and technology

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Astronomical observatory	South Pole Telescope, Antarctica	90°S 0°E
Permanent scientific research station	Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica	90°S 0°E
Planetarium	Tūhura Otago Museum, Dunedin, New Zealand[30]	45°51′56″S 170°30′38″E
Nuclear power plant	Atucha I, Argentina[31]	33°58′S 59°12′W
	Atucha II, Argentina[citation needed]	33°58′S 59°12′W

Historical sites and archaeological findings

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Prehistoric archaeological site	Yaghan people's Cape Horn hunting camp,[32] Chile.	55°58′19″S 67°15′50″W

Transportation

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Airfield (permanent, no scheduled flights)	Jack F. Paulus Skiway at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica	89°59′22″S 1°00′00″W
Seaport/Harbour	Winter Quarters Bay, McMurdo Station, Antarctica[33]	77°51′S 166°40′E
Narrow gauge railway	Dumont d'Urville Station, Antarctica[34][35] The record was previously held by a 1963 installed line at the British Antarctic Survey base at Signy Island.[34]	66°40′S 140°01′E
Airport (permanent, with scheduled flights)	Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport, Puerto Williams, Chile	54°56′S 67°37′W
International airport	Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport, Ushuaia, Argentina	54°50′S 68°17′W
Traffic light	Hipólito Yrigoyen/Constitución Fueguina, Ushuaia, Argentina	54°49′42″S 68°20′04″W
Suspension bridge	Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge, Falkland Islands[36]	51°51′14″S 59°01′04″E
Railway	Southern Fuegian Railway (Ferrocarril Austral Fueguino) from Ushuaia to the Tierra del Fuego National Park in Argentina[37]	54°48′S 68°18′W
Electrified railway	Wellington station, Wellington, New Zealand	41°16′43″S 174°46′51″E
Metro station	Plaza de los Virreyes - Eva Perón in Buenos Aires, Argentina[38]	34°38′35″S 58°27′42″W
Underground railway station	Flagstaff railway station, Melbourne, Australia	37°48′44″S 144°57′22″E
Tramway system	Christchurch Heritage Tram, Christchurch, New Zealand	43°32′07″S 172°38′28″E (southernmost point of route)
Tramway system (as part of mass transit, excluding heritage routes)	Melbourne, Australia	37°54′52″S 145°1′0″E (southernmost point of route)
Trolleybus	Valparaíso, Chile	33°2′46″S 71°36′16″W

Recreation

Sport

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Bowling club	Stewart Island Bowling Club, Oban, New Zealand[39]	46°53′57″S 168°07′43″E
Ski resort	Cerro Castor, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina[40]	54°43′S 68°00′W
Golf club	Ushuaia Golf Club, Ushuaia, Argentina[41]	54°49′52″S 68°25′02″W

Religious buildings

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Church (ice-made)	Chapel of Our Lady of the Snows, Belgrano II Base, Antarctica[42][43]	77°52′S 34°37′W
Church (regular)	Trinity Church, Antarctica (Russian Orthodox Church), King George Island, Antarctica[citation needed]	62°12′S 58°58′W
Mormon church	Puerto Williams, Chile[44]	54°56′S 67°37′W
Cathedral	El Sagrado Corazón, Diocese of Punta Arenas, Punta Arenas, Chile[45]	53°10′S 70°56′W
Hindu temple	Centro Cultural y Templo Hindu, Punta Arenas, Chile[46]	53°10′S 70°56′W
Mosque	Southland Muslim Association, Invercargill, New Zealand[47]	46°24′35″S 168°23′20″E
Synagogue	Dunedin Synagogue, Dunedin, New Zealand[48][49]	45°52′S 170°30′E
Buddhist stupa	the Enlightenment Stupa at Portobello, Dunedin, New Zealand[50]	45°51′S 170°39′E
Sikh Gurdwara	New Zealand Sikh Society (Wellington), Lower Hutt, New Zealand[51]	41°12′S 174°57′E

Shops and service facilities

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Tourist office	Puerto Williams,[52] Chile	54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W
Restaurant	Lodge Lakutaia,[53] Puerto Williams, Chile	54°56′12″S 67°36′47″W
Cinema	Jubany Base, Antarctic Peninsula[citation needed]	62°14′S 58°40′W
Public post office	Port Lockroy, Goudier Island, Antarctica[54]	64°49′S 63°30′W
Bar	Faraday Bar,[55] Vernadsky Research Base, Antarctica	65°14′45″S 64°15′27″W
Automated teller machine	McMurdo Station, Antarctica[56]	77°51′S 166°40′E

International brand names

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Mercedes-Benz retailer	Mario Bonetto Rodados y Servicios, Ushuaia, Argentina	54°48′05″S 68°17′06″W
Toyota retailer	Celentano Motors, Ushuaia, Argentina	54°47′30″S 68°14′12″W
Volkswagen retailer	Ushuaia, Argentina	54°47′27″S 68°14′25″W
Mobil petrol station	Invercargill, New Zealand	46°25′46″S 168°21′42″E [57]
Tesla retailer	Wigram, Christchurch, New Zealand	43°32′44″S 172°33′34″E [58]
H&M	Christchurch Central, Christchurch, New Zealand	43°32′00″S 172°38′16″E [59]
Shell petrol station	Blackmans Bay, Tasmania, Australia	43°00′00″S 147°19′13″E [60]
Aldi	Wonthaggi, Victoria, Australia	38°36′15″S 145°35′34″E
7-Eleven	Rosebud, Victoria, Australia	38°21′25″S 144°54′04″E [61]
ECCO	Moorabbin, Melbourne, Australia	37°58′15″S 145°05′21″E [62]
IKEA	Springvale, Melbourne, Australia	37°55′36″S 145°08′36″E
Zara	Chadstone Shopping Centre, Malvern East, Melbourne, Australia	37°53′05″S 145°05′00″E

Franchised food brands

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Hard Rock Cafe	Ushuaia, Argentina	54°48′25″S 68°18′23″W
Domino's Pizza	Punta Arenas, Chile	53°08′20″S 70°53′23″W
Pizza Hut	Invercargill, New Zealand	46°25′40″S 168°21′41″E
Subway	Invercargill, New Zealand	46°25′40″S 168°21′42″E
McDonald's	Invercargill, New Zealand[63]	46°25′15″S 168°21′41″E
KFC	Invercargill, New Zealand	46°25′08″S 168°21′42″E
Burger King	Invercargill, New Zealand[64]	46°24′48″S 168°21′42″E
Starbucks	Invercargill, New Zealand[65]	46°24′43″S 168°20′57″E
Wendy's	Dunedin, New Zealand[66]	45°53′38″S 170°30′14″E
Taco Bell	Dunedin North, Dunedin, New Zealand	45°51′39″S 170°30′45″E
Denny's	Christchurch Central, Christchurch, New Zealand	43°32′25″S 172°38′21″E
Baskin-Robbins	Camberwell, Melbourne, Australia	37°49′50″S 145°03′24″E

Gardens/parks, zoos and aquaria

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
National park	Cabo de Hornos National Park, Tierra del Fuego, Chile	55°49′58″S 67°25′58″W
Penguin reserve	Magdalena Island Penguin Reserve, Magdalena Island, Magallanes Region, Chile[67]
Aviary	Queens Park Aviary, Invercargill, New Zealand	46°24′13″S 168°21′37″E
Botanical garden	Jardín Botánico de Ushuaia, Ushuaia, Argentina[68]	54°47′07″S 68°16′56″W

Other

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
UNESCO world heritage site (natural)	French Austral Land and Seas[69]	90°00′S 45°00′E (southernmost Point)
UNESCO world heritage site (cultural)	Cueva de las Manos, Argentina[70]	47°09′S 70°40′W
Skyscraper (>100 m)	Majestic Centre, Wellington, New Zealand	41°17′19″S 174°46′27″E
Opera house	Oamaru Opera House, Oamaru, New Zealand	45°05′55″S 170°58′13″E
High-rise building	Cue Building,[71] Invercargill, New Zealand	46°24′40″S 168°20′57″E
Mine	Invierno mine, Riesco Island, Chile[72]	52°52′12″S 71°37′31″W
Brewery	Cerveza Artesanal Beagle, Ushuaia, Argentina[73]	54°47′24″S 68°15′57″W
Lighthouse	Monumental Cabo de Hornos, Hornos Island, Chile[74]	55°57′54″S 67°13′12″W
Bell tower	Tokomairiro Presbyterian Church, Milton, New Zealand	46°07′22″S 169°57′25″E
Place of birth of a human	Esperanza Base, Antarctica (Emilio Marcos Palma in 1978 and seven others) [75]	63°24′S 57°00′W
Cemetery	Buromskiy Island, Antarctica[76]	66°32′S 93°00′E

See also

• List of northernmost items
• Extreme points of Earth
• Extreme points of the Antarctic
• List of countries by southernmost point