List of ships sunk by submarines by death toll

While submarines were invented centuries ago, development of self-propelled torpedoes during the latter half of the 19th century dramatically increased the effectiveness of military submarines.

Heavy casualties occurred when submarines sank large passenger ships converted into military transports, such as the Wilhelm Gustloff, that were overloaded with soldiers, prisoners, or refugees.

Initial submarine scouting patrols against surface warships sank several cruisers during the first month of World War I. Incidental submarine encounters with merchant ships were performed by signalling ships to stop, then sinking them after evacuation of the crew, in accordance with international law. After unrestricted submarine warfare began in February 1915, any ship could be sunk unexpectedly from the heavy underwater hull damage inflicted by torpedoes. Many large ships sank without their crews being able to alert friendly forces in time, and the submarines which sank them were too small to rescue more than a few survivors.^[1]

Many personnel casualties continued through World War II, and there have been a few later sinkings.

List of ships sunk by submarines by death tolls exceeding 150

Deaths	Name	Type	National affiliation	Date	Submarine	National affiliation
9,343[2]	Wilhelm Gustloff	Cruise ship converted into a military transport serving as evacuation ship	Germany	30 January 1945	S-13	Soviet Union
6,500[3]	Goya	Freighter converted into a troop transport serving as evacuation ship	Germany	16 April 1945	L-3	Soviet Union
5,620[4]	Junyō Maru	Prisoner transport	Japan	18 September 1944	HMS Tradewind	United Kingdom
5,400[5]	Toyama Maru	Troopship	Japan	29 June 1944	USS Sturgeon	United States
4,998[6]	Ryusei Maru	Troopship	Japan	24 February 1944	USS Rasher	United States
4,406-4,755[7]	Tamatsu Maru	Troopship	Japan	19 August 1944	USS Spadefish	United States
3,608[8]	General von Steuben	Ocean liner converted into a troop transport serving as evacuation ship	Germany	10 February 1945	S-13	Soviet Union
3,546[9]	Mayasan Maru	Troopship	Japan	18 November 1944	USS Picuda	United States
3,219[10]	Nikkin Maru	Troopship	Japan	30 June 1944	USS Tang	United States
3,000[6]	Tango Maru	Prisoner transport	Japan	24 February 1944	USS Rasher	United States
2,765[11]	Lima Maru [ja]	Troopship	Japan	8 February 1944	USS Snook	United States
2,670[5]	Petrella	Prisoner transport	Germany	8 February 1944	HMS Sportsman	United Kingdom
2,665[7]	Teia Maru	Troopship	Japan	19 August 1944	USS Rasher	United States
2,649[12]	Yoshida Maru No. 1	Troopship	Japan	26 April 1944	USS Jack	United States
2,495[13]	Yoshino Maru	Troopship	Japan	31 July 1944	USS Parche	United States
2,475[13]	Sakito Maru	Troopship	Japan	1 March 1944	USS Trout	United States
2,246[9]	Akitsu Maru	Escort carrier operated by the Imperial Japanese Army	Japan	14 November 1944	USS Queenfish	United States
2,134[14]	Hawaii Maru	Troopship	Japan	2 December 1944	USS Sea Devil	United States
2,113[15]	Edogawa Maru	Troopship	Japan	17 November 1944	USS Sunfish	United States
2,089[16]	Dainichi Maru	Troopship	Japan	8 October 1943	USS Gurnard	United States
2,035[14]	Kamakura Maru	Troopship	Japan	28 April 1943	USS Gudgeon	United States
2,008[17]	Awa Maru	Ocean liner	Japan	1 April 1945	USS Queenfish	United States
2,000[5]	Ural Maru	Ocean liner	Japan	27 September 1944	USS Flasher	United States
2,000[18]	Salzburg	Transport ship serving as prisoner transport	Germany	1 October 1942	M-118	Soviet Union
1,934[13]	Nichiren Maru	Troopship	Japan	16 March 1944	USS Tautog	United States
1,926[19]	Principe Umberto	Troopship	Italy	8 June 1916	SM U-5	Austria-Hungary
1,773[20]	Arisan Maru	Prisoner transport	Japan	24 October 1944	USS Snook or USS Shark	United States
1,747[13]	Arabia Maru	Troopship	Japan	18 October 1944	USS Bluegill	United States
1,704[13]	Denmark Maru	Troopship	Japan	16 January 1944	USS Whale	United States
1,658[21]	Laconia	Ocean liner/Troopship	United Kingdom	12 September 1942	U-156	Germany
1,650[22]	Taihō	Aircraft carrier	Japan	19 June 1944	USS Albacore	United States
1,602[13]	Daisyō Maru	Troopship	Japan	26 October 1944	USS Drum	United States
1,576[13]	Marei Maru	Troopship	Japan	25 January 1945	USS Silversides	United States
1,540[6]	Kōshū Maru	Prisoner transport	Japan	4 August 1944	USS Ray	United States
1,539[13]	Kenzui Maru	Troopship	Japan	23 December 1944	USS Blenny	United States
1,529[23]	Tsushima Maru	Cargo liner serving as evacuation ship	Japan	22 August 1944	USS Bowfin	United States
1,471[13]	Jinyō Maru	Troopship	Japan	7 December 1944	USS Trepang	United States
1,451[13]	Hakuyo Maru	Troopship	Japan	25 October 1944	USS Seal	United States
1,450[13]	Maebashi Maru	Troopship	Japan	30 September 1943	USS Pogy	United States
1,435[14]	Shinano	Aircraft carrier	Japan	29 November 1944	USS Archerfish	United States
1,428[13]	Shiranesan Maru	Troopship	Japan	19 October 1944	USS Raton	United States
1,400[14]	Tatsuta Maru	Troopship	Japan	9 February 1943	USS Tarpon	United States
1,394[14]	Mizuho Maru	Troopship	Japan	21 September 1944	USS Redfish	United States
1,384[14]	Fuso Maru	Troopship	Japan	31 July 1944	USS Steelhead	United States
1,338[24]	Gallia	Troopship	France	8 October 1916	SM U-35	Germany
1,310[14]	Awata Maru	Troopship	Japan	22 October 1943	USS Grayback	United States
1,300	Ashigara	Heavy cruiser	Japan	8 June 1945	HMS Trenchant	United Kingdom
1,291[25]	Conte Rosso	Troopship	Italy	24 May 1941	HMS Upholder	United Kingdom
1,279[26]	Khedive Ismail	Troopship	United Kingdom	12 February 1944	I-27	Japan
1,273[14]	Tsuyama Maru	Troopship	Japan	2 October 1944	USS Pomfret	United States
1,272[14]	Shōkaku	Aircraft carrier	Japan	19 June 1944	USS Cavalla	United States
1,262[14]	Nichiran Maru	Troopship	Japan	12 July 1944	USS Piranha	United States
1,250[14]	Chūyō	Escort carrier	Japan	4 December 1943	USS Sailfish	United States
1,240[14]	Unryū	Aircraft carrier	Japan	19 December 1944	USS Redfish	United States
1,197[27]	Lusitania	Ocean liner	United Kingdom	7 May 1915	SM U-20	Germany
1,200[6]	Takachiho Maru [ja]	Ocean liner	Japan	19 March 1943	USS Kingfish	United States
1,200[28]	Kongō	Battleship or battlecruiser	Japan	21 November 1944	USS Sealion	United States
1,188[29]	Yasukuni Maru	Troopship	Japan	24 January 1944	USS Trigger	United States
1,184[13]	Rashin Maru	Troopship	Japan	8 August 1945	USS Pargo	United States
1,159[14]	Rakuyo Maru	Prisoner transport	Japan	12 September 1944	USS Sealion	United States
1,130[30]	Shinyo	Escort carrier	Japan	17 November 1944	USS Spadefish	United States
1,118[13]	Hakozaki Maru	Ocean liner	Japan	19 March 1945	USS Balao	United States
1,073[14]	Fukuyo Maru	Troopship	Japan	6 December 1944	USS Segundo	United States
1,053[31]	Montevideo Maru	Prisoner transport	Japan	1 July 1942	USS Sturgeon	United States
995[32]	Galilea	Troopship	Italy	28 March 1942	HMS Proteus	United Kingdom
956[14]	Taihei Maru	Troopship	Japan	9 July 1944	USS Sunfish	United States
935[33]	HMT Royal Edward	Troopship	United Kingdom	13 August 1915	SM UB-14	Germany
921[34]	Città di Palermo	Armed merchant cruiser serving as troopship	Italy	5 January 1942	HMS Proteus	United Kingdom
930[35]	La Provence	Troopship	France	26 February 1916	SM U-35	Germany
883[36]	USS Indianapolis	Heavy cruiser	United States	30 July 1945	I-58	Japan
880[37]	Verona	Troopship	Italy	11 May 1918	SM UC-52	Germany
870[38]	Minas	Troopship	Italy	15 February 1917	SM U-39	Germany
866[39][40]	Scillin	Cargo ship serving as POW ship	Italy	14 November 1942	HMS Sahib	United Kingdom
865[41]	Arandora Star	Ocean liner serving as POW ship	United Kingdom	2 July 1940	U-47	Germany
862[42]	HMS Barham	Battleship	United Kingdom	25 November 1941	U-331	Germany
856[43]	Nova Scotia	Troopship/POW ship	United Kingdom	28 November 1942	U-177	Germany
856[13]	Tenryō Maru	Troopship	Japan	29 May 1945	USS Sterlet	United States
846[44]	Lisbon Maru	Prisoner transport	Japan	1 October 1942	USS Grouper	United States
819[45]	Leopoldville	Troopship	Belgium	24 December 1944	U-486	Germany
817[14]	Taiyō Maru [ja]	Ocean liner	Japan	8 May 1942	USS Grenadier	United States
810[14]	Akane Maru	Troopship	Japan	6 October 1944	USS Whale	United States
800[25]	Francesco Crispi	Troopship	Italy	19 April 1943	HMS Saracen	United Kingdom
786[46]	HMS Royal Oak	Battleship	United Kingdom	14 October 1939	U-47	Germany
768[47]	Struma	Motor schooner	Panama	24 February 1942	Shch-213	Soviet Union
754[48]	Athos	Ocean liner	France	17 February 1917	SM U-65	Germany
747[14]	Taiyō	Escort carrier	Japan	18 August 1944	USS Rasher	United States
740[49]	Le Calvados	Troopship	France	4 November 1915	SM U-38	Germany
700[50]	Shuntien	Coastal merchant ship serving as POW ship	United Kingdom	23 December 1941	U-559	Germany
688[51]	Shinyō Maru	Prisoner transport	Japan	7 September 1944	USS Paddle	United States
686[13]	Taisei Maru	Troopship	Japan	19 April 1945	USS Sunfish	United States
684[52]	Léon Gambetta	Armored cruiser	France	27 April 1915	SM U-5	Austria-Hungary
683[53]	USS Juneau	Anti-Air cruiser	United States	13 November 1942	I-26	Japan
675[54]	Dorchester	Troopship	United States	3 February 1943	U-223	Germany
672[55]	SMS Prinz Adalbert	Armored cruiser	Germany	23 October 1915	HMS E8	United Kingdom
668[13]	Nikkō Maru	Passenger and cargo ship	Japan	9 April 1945	USS Tirante	United States
667[56]	Taito Maru	Cargo ship serving as evacuation ship	Japan	22 August 1945	L-12	Soviet Union
658[13]	Tateyama Maru	Troopship	Japan	1 March 1945	USS Sterlet	United States
656[13]	Sanka Maru	Troopship	Japan	10 March 1945	USS Kete	United States
654[57]	Ceramic	Ocean liner	United Kingdom	7 December 1942	U-515	Germany
648[58]	Suffren	Pre-dreadnought battleship	France	26 November 1916	SM U-52	Germany
644[59]	USS Liscombe Bay	Escort carrier	United States	24 November 1943	I-175	Japan
643[60]	HMS Hampshire	Armored cruiser	United Kingdom	5 June 1916	SM U-75	Germany
638[61]	Sant Anna	Troopship	France	11 May 1918	SM UC-54	Germany
638[62]	Ogasawara Maru [ja]	Cable layer serving as evacuation ship	Japan	22 August 1945	L-12	Soviet Union
615[6]	Suez Maru	Prisoner transport	Japan	29 November 1943	USS Bonefish	United States
611[63]	Sidi-Bel-Abbès	Troopship	France	20 April 1943	U-565	Germany
610[64]	HMT Aragon	Troopship	United Kingdom	30 December 1917	SM UC-34	Germany
599[65]	America Maru	Ocean liner serving as evacuation ship	Japan	6 March 1944	USS Nautilus	United States
597[66]	Pallada	Protected cruiser	Russia	11 October 1914	SM U-26	Germany
595[67]	Tamahoko Maru	Prisoner transport	Japan	24 June 1944	USS Tang	United States
574[68]	Nigitsu Maru	Depot ship serving as troopship	Japan	12 January 1944	USS Hake	United States
570[69]	Trento	Heavy cruiser	Italy	15 June 1942	HMS Umbra	United Kingdom
564[70]	Leinster	Irish Sea Ferry	United Kingdom	10 October 1918	SM UB-123	Germany
562[71]	HMS Cressy	Armored cruiser	United Kingdom	22 September 1914	SM U-9	Germany
555[72]	Euterpe	Troopship	Austria-Hungary	11 August 1918	F 7	Italy
547[73]	HMS Formidable	Pre-dreadnought battleship	United Kingdom	1 January 1915	SM U-24	Germany
544[74]	Konron Maru [ja]	Troopship	Japan	5 October 1943	USS Wahoo	United States
527[75]	HMS Aboukir	Armored cruiser	United Kingdom	22 September 1914	SM U-9	Germany
526[76]	HMS Hawke	Protected cruiser	United Kingdom	15 October 1914	SM U-9	Germany
523[12]	Aden Maru	Troopship	Japan	6 May 1944	USS Gurnard	United States
518[46]	HMS Courageous	Aircraft carrier	United Kingdom	17 September 1939	U-29	Germany
514[77]	HMS Avenger	Escort carrier	United Kingdom	15 November 1942	U-155	Germany
503[13]	Nankin Maru	Troopship	Japan	17 March 1945	USS Spot	United States
500~[78]	Rooseboom	Troopship	Netherlands	1 March 1942	I-59	Japan
497[79]	Tembien	Cargo ship serving as POW ship	Italy	27 February 1942	HMS Upholder	United Kingdom
488[14]	Kachidoki Maru [ja]	Prisoner transport	Japan	12 September 1944	USS Pampanito	United States
484[80]	Yoma	Troopship	United Kingdom	17 June 1943	U-81	Germany
484[81][82]	Armando Diaz	Light cruiser	Italy	25 February 1941	HMS Upright	United Kingdom
470[83]	HMS Galatea	Light cruiser	United Kingdom	14 December 1941	U-557	Germany
461[6]	Ikoma Maru	Prisoner transport	Japan	20 January 1944	USS Seahorse	United States
452[14]	Kenjo Maru	Troopship	Japan	7 December 1944	USS Razorback	United States
450[84]	Bahia Laura	Troopship	Germany	30 August 1941	HMS Trident	United Kingdom
450[85]	Tama	Light cruiser	Japan	20 October 1944	USS Jallao	United States
448[15]	Seisho Maru	Troopship	Japan	18 November 1944	USS Sunfish	United States
440[86]	Asama Maru	Prisoner transport	Japan	1 November 1944	USS Atule	United States
436[87]	Djemnah	Ocean liner	France	14 July 1918	SM UB-105	Germany
432[88]	Città di Messina	Troopship	Italy	12 January 1941	HMS Regent	United Kingdom
419[89]	HMS Dunedin	Light cruiser	United Kingdom	24 November 1941	U-124	Germany
417[90]	HMS Penelope	Light cruiser	United Kingdom	18 February 1944	U-410	Germany
414[91]	Transylvania	Troopship	United Kingdom	4 May 1917	SM U-63	Germany
400[92]	Balkan	Troopship	France	16 August 1918	SM UB-48	Germany
392[93]	Empress of Canada	Troopship	United Kingdom	13 March 1943	Leonardo da Vinci	Italy
381[94]	Giovanni delle Bande Nere	Light cruiser	Italy	1 April 1942	HMS Urge	United Kingdom
379[95]	Brazza	Ocean liner	France	28 May 1940	U-37	Germany
375[96]	HMS Hogue	Armored cruiser	United Kingdom	22 September 1914	SM U-9	Germany
374[97]	Amiral Charner	Armored cruiser	France	8 February 1916	SM U-21	Germany
373[98]	Marina Raskova	Merchant ship	Soviet Union	13 August 1944	U-365	Germany
369[99]	HMS Fidelity	Q-ship	United Kingdom	30 December 1942	U-435	Germany
364[100]	Doggerbank	Blockade runner	Germany	3 March 1943	U-43	Germany
362[101]	Abosso	Ocean liner	United Kingdom	29 October 1942	U-575	Germany
360[102]	Calabria	Cargo and passenger liner	United Kingdom	8 December 1940	U-103	Germany
360[103]	Almeda Star	Ocean liner	United Kingdom	17 January 1941	U-96	Germany
360[104]	Atago	Heavy cruiser	Japan	23 October 1944	USS Darter	United States
349[105]	Nagara	Light cruiser	Japan	7 August 1944	USS Croaker	United States
344[106]	Medjerda	Troopship	France	11 May 1917	SM U-34	Germany
343[107]	Emma	Cargo ship/Troopship	Italy	16 January 1943	HMS Splendid	United Kingdom
336[108]	Maya	Heavy cruiser	Japan	23 October 1944	USS Dace	United States
336[109]	Diana	Aviso/Sloop	Italy	29 June 1942	HMS Thrasher	United Kingdom
334[110]	Persia	Ocean liner	United Kingdom	30 December 1915	SM U-38	Germany
330[111]	Natori	Light cruiser	Japan	18 August 1944	USS Hardhead	United States
323[112]	ARA General Belgrano	Light cruiser	Argentina	2 May 1982	HMS Conqueror	United Kingdom
320[113]	Sebastiano Venier	Cargo ship serving as POW ship	Italy	9 December 1941	HMS Porpoise	United Kingdom
307[6]	Urakaze	Destroyer	Japan	21 November 1944	USS Sealion II	United States
305[6]	Mefküre	Motor schooner	Turkey	5 August 1944	Shch-215	Soviet Union
300[114]	Andrea Sgarallino	Passenger ship	Italy	22 September 1943	HMS Uproar	United Kingdom
272[115]	Henry R. Mallory	Troopship	United States	7 February 1943	U-402	Germany
270[116]	Baependy	Cargo liner	Brazil	15 August 1942	U-507	Germany
268[117]	AHS Centaur	Hospital ship	Australia	14 May 1943	I-177	Japan
258	City of Benares	Ocean liner serving as child evacuation ship	United Kingdom	17 September 1940	U-48	Germany
226	Yamakaze	Destroyer	Japan	25 June 1942	USS Nautilus	United States
194[118]	INS Khukri	Frigate	India	9 December 1971	PNS Hangor	Pakistan
193[119]	USS Wasp	Aircraft carrier	United States	15 September 1942	I-19	Japan

See also

• List of maritime disasters

References

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