List of sequenced plant genomes

This list of sequenced plant genomes contains plant species known to have publicly available complete genome sequences that have been assembled, annotated and published. Unassembled genomes are not included, nor are organelle only sequences. For all kingdoms, see the list of sequenced genomes.

See also List of sequenced algae genomes.

Bryophytes

Organism strain	Division	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion	Assembly status
Anthoceros angustus	Bryophytes	Early diverging land plant
Ceratodon purpureus	Bryophytes	Early diverging land plant
Fontinalis antipyretica (greater water-moss)	Bryophytes	Aquatic moss	385.2 Mbp	16,538	BGI	2020[1]	BGISEQ-500 & 10X, scaffold N50 45.8 Kbp
Marchantia polymorpha	Bryophytes	Early diverging land plant	225.8 Mb	19,138		2017[2]
Physcomitrella patens ssp. patens str. Gransden 2004	Bryophytes	Early diverging land plant	462.3 Mbp	35,938		2008[3]
Pleurozium schreberi (feather moss)	Bryophytes	Ubiquitous moss species	318 Mbp	15,992		2019[4]

Vascular plants

Lycophytes

Organism strain	Division	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion	Assembly status
Isoetes sinensis	Lycopodiophyta	First aquatic Quillwort	2.131 GB	57,303		2023[5]	Scaffold N50 = 86 Mb
Selaginella moellendorffii	Lycopodiophyta	Model organism	106 Mb	22,285		2011[6][7]	scaffold N50 = 1.7 Mb
Selaginella lepidophylla	Lycopodiophyta	Desiccation tolerance	122 Mb	27,204		2018[8]	contig N50 = 163 kb

Ferns

Organism strain	Division	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion	Assembly status
Azolla filiculoides	Polypodiophyta	Fern	0.75 Gb	20,201		2018[9]
Salvinia cucullata	Polypodiophyta	Fern	0.26 Gb	19,914		2018[9]
Ceratopteris richardii	Polypodiophyta	Model organism	7.5 Gb	36,857		2019 (v1.1),[10] 2021 (v2.1)[11]	Partial assembly consisting of 7.5 Gb/11.2 Gb, arranged in 39 chromosomes
Alsophila spinulosa	Polypodiophyta	Tree Fern	6.23 Gb	67,831		2022[12]

Gymnosperms

Organism strain	Division	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	No of chromosomes	Organization	Year of completion	Assembly status
Cycas panzhihuaensis (Dukou sago palm)	Cycadophyta	Rare and vulnerable species of cycad	10.5 Gb				2022[13]
Picea abies (Norway spruce)	Pinales	Timber, tonewood, ornamental such as Christmas tree	19.6 Gb	26,359[14]	12	Umeå Plant Science Centre / SciLifeLab, Sweden	2013[15]
Picea glauca (White spruce)	Pinales	Timber, Pulp	20.8 Gb	14,462[14]	12	Institutional Collaboration	2013[16][17]
Pinus taeda (Loblolly pine)	Pinales	Timber	20.15 Gb	9,024[14]	12		2014[18][19][20]	N50 scaffold size: 66.9 kbp
Pinus lambertiana (Sugar pine)	Pinales	Timber; with the largest genomes among the pines; the largest pine species	31 Gb	13,936	12		2016[14]	61.5X sequence coverage, platforms used: Hiseq 2000, Hiseq 2500, GAIIx, MiSeq
Ginkgo biloba	Ginkgoales		11.75 Gb	41,840			2016[21]	N50 scaffold size: 48.2 kbp
Pseudotsuga menziesii	Pinales		16 Gb	54,830	13		2017[22]	N50 scaffold size : 340.7 kbp
Gnetum monatum	Gnetales		4.07 Gb	27,491			2018[23]
Larix sibirica	Pinales		12.34 Gbp				2019[24]	scaffold N50 of 6440 bp
Abies alba	Pinales		18.16 Gb	94,205			2019[25]	scaffold N50 of 14,051 bp

Angiosperms

Amborellales

Organism strain	Family	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion	Assembly status
Amborella trichopoda	Amborellaceae	Basal angiosperm				2013[26][27]

Chlorantales

Organism strain	Family	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion	Assembly status
Chloranthus spicatus (Thunb.) Makino,[28] (Pearl Orchid)	Chlorantaceae					2021[29]	saffold N50 of 191.37 Mb

Magnoliales

Organism strain	Family	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion	Assembly status
Annona muricata	Annonaceae	Commercially grown fruit, medicinal applications	799.11 Mb	23,375	Institute for Biodiversity and Environmental Research (UBD) Alliance for Conservation Tree Genomics Biodiversity Genomics Team	2021[30]	PacBio and Illumina short‐reads, in combination with 10× Genomics and Bionano data (v1). A total of 949 scaffolds assembled to a final size of 656.77 Mb, with a scaffold N50 of 3.43 Mb (v1), and then further improved to seven pseudo‐chromosomes using Hi‐C sequencing data (v2; scaffold N50: 93.2 Mb, total size in chromosomes: 639.6 Mb).
Salix arbutifolia (syn. Chosenia arbutifolia)	Salicaceae	Seriously endangered relic species	338.93 Mb	33,229		2022[31]	Contig N50 of 1.68 Mb
Cinnamomum kanehirae (Stout camphor tree)	Lauraceae		730.7 Mb			2019[32]

Eudicots

Proteales

Organism strain	Family	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion	Assembly status
Macadamia integrifolia HAES 741 (Macadamia nut)	Proteaceae	Commercially grown nut	745 Mb	34,274		2020[33]	N50 413 kb
Macadamia jansenii	Proteaceae	Rare relative of macademia nut	750 Mbp			2020[34]	Compared Nanopore, Illumina and BGI stLRF data
Nelumbo nucifera (sacred lotus)	Nelumbonaceae	Basal eudicot	929 Mbp			2013[35]	contig N50 of 38.8 kbp and a scaffold N50 of 3.4 Mbp

Ranunculales

Organism strain	Family	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion	Assembly status
Aquilegia coerulea	Ranunculaceae	Basal eudicot				Unpublished[36]

Trochodendrales

Organism strain	Family	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion	Assembly status
Trochodendron aralioides (Wheel tree)	Trochodendrales	Basal eudicot having secondary xylem without vessel elements	1.614 Gb	35,328	Guangxi University	2019[37]	19 scaffolds corresponding to 19 chromosomes

Caryophyllales

Organism strain	Family	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion	Assembly status
Beta vulgaris (sugar beet)	Chenopodiaceae	Crop plant	714–758 Mbp	27,421		2013[38]
Chenopodium quinoa	Chenopodiaceae	Crop plant	1.39–1.50 Gb	44,776		2017[39]	3,486 scaffolds, scaffold N50 of 3.84 Mb, 90% of the assembled genome is contained in 439 scaffolds[39]
Amaranthus hypocondriacus	Amaranthaceae	Crop plant	403.9 Mb	23,847		2016[40]	16 large scaffolds from 16.9 to 38.1 Mb. N50 and L50 of the assembly was 24.4 Mb and 7, respectively.[41]
Carnegiea gigantea	Cactaceae	Wild plant	1.40 Gb	28,292		2017[42]	57,409 scaffolds, scaffold N50 of 61.5 kb[42]
Nepenthes mirabilis	Nepenthes	Carnivorous Plant	691 Mb	42,961		2023[43]	159,555 contigs/scaffolds and N50 of 10,307 bp
Suaeda aralocaspica	Amaranthaceae	Performs complete C4 photosynthesis within individual cells (SCC4)	467 Mb	29,604	ABLife Inc.	2019[44]	4,033 scaffolds, scaffold N50 length of 1.83 Mb
Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba)	Simmondsiaceae	Oilseed Crop	887 Mb	23,490		2020[45]	994 scaffolds, scaffold N50 length of 5.2 Mb
Drosera capensis	Droseraceae	Carnivorous Plant	263.79 Mb			2016[46]	12,713 scaffolds[46]
Tamarix chinensis (Chinese tamarisk)	Tamaricaceae	Margin tree	1.32 Gb			2023[47]

Rosids

Organism strain	Family	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	No of chromosomes	Organization	Year of completion	Assembly status
Bretschneidera sinensis	Akaniaceae	endangered relic tree species	1.21 Gb	45,839			2022[48]
Sclerocarya birrea (Marula)	Anacardiaceae	Used for food		18,397			2018[49][50]
Begonia masoniana (Iron cross begonia)	Begoniaceae	Flower	799.83 Mb				2022[51]
Begonia peltatifolia (Rex begonia)	Begoniaceae	Flower	331.75 Mb				2022[51]
Betula pendula (silver birch)	Betulaceae	Boreal forest tree, model for forest biotechnology	435 Mbp[52]	28,399	14	University of Helsinki	2017[52]	454/Illumina/PacBio. Assembly size 435 Mbp. Contig N50: 48,209 bp, scaffold N50: 239,796 bp. 89% of the assembly mapped to 14 pseudomolecules. Additionally 150 birch individuals sequenced.
Betula platyphylla (Japanese white birch)	Betulaceae	Pioneer hardwood tree species	430 Mbp				2021[53]	contig N50 = 751 kbp
Betula nana (dwarf birch)	Betulaceae	Arctic shrub	450 Mbp			QMUL/SBCS	2013[54]
Corylus heterophylla Fisch (Asian hazel)	Betulaceae	Nut tree used for food	370.75 Mbp	27,591	11		2021[55]	Nanopore/Hi-C chromosome scale. Contig N50 and scaffold N50 sizes of 2.07 and 31.33  Mb, respectively
Corylus mandshurica	Betulaceae	Hazel used for breeding	367.67 Mb	28,409	11		2021[56]
Aethionema arabicum	Brassicaceae	Comparative analysis of crucifer genomes					2013[57]
Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. lyrata strain MN47	Brassicaceae	Model plant	206.7 Mbp	32,670[58]	8		2011[58]	8.3X sequence coverage, analyzed on ABI 3730XL capillary sequencers
Arabidopsis thaliana Ecotype:Columbia	Brassicaceae	Model plant	135 Mbp	27,655[59]	5	AGI	2000[60]
Barbarea vulgaris G-type	Brassicaceae	Model plant for specialised metabolites and plant defenses	167.7 Mbp	25,350	8		2017[61]	66.5 X coverage with Illumina GA II technology
Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis (Chinese cabbage) accession Chiifu-401-42	Brassicaceae	Assorted crops and model organism	485 Mbp	41,174 (has undergone genome triplication)	10	The Brassica rapa Genome Sequencing Project Consortium	2011[62]	72X coverage of paired short read sequences generated by Illumina GA II technology
Brassica napus (Oilseed rape or rapeseed) European winter oilseed cultivar 'Darmor-bzh'	Brassicaceae	Crops	1130 Mbp	101,040	19	Institutional Collaboration	2014[63]	454 GS-FLX+ Titanium (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) and Sanger sequencing. Correction and gap filling used 79 Gb of Illumina (San Diego, CA) HiSeq sequence.
Capsella rubella	Brassicaceae	Close relative of Arabidopsis thaliana	130 Mbp	26,521		JGI	2013?[64] 2013[65]
Cardamine hirsuta (hairy bittercress) strain 'Oxford'	Brassicaceae	A model system for studies in evolution of plant development	198 Mbp	29,458	8	Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany	2016[66]	Shotgun sequencing strategy, combining paired end reads (197× assembled sequence coverage) and mate pair reads (66× assembled) from Illumina HiSeq (a total of 52 Gbp raw reads).
Eruca sativa (salad rocket)	Brassicaceae	Used for food	851 Mbp	45,438		University of Reading	2020[67]	Illumina MiSeq and HiSeq2500. PCR free paired end and long mate pair sequencing and assembly. Illumina HiSeq transcriptome sequencing (125/150 bp paired end reads).
Erysimum cheiranthoides (wormseed wallflower) strain 'Elbtalaue'	Brassicaceae	Model plant for studying defensive chemistry, including cardiac glycosides	175 Mbp	29,947	8	Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY	2020[68][69]	39.5 Gb PacBio sequences (average length 10,603 bp), one lane Illumina MiSeq sequencing (2 x 250 bp paired end), Phase Genomics Hi-C scaffolding, PacBio and Illumina transcriptome sequencing
Eutrema salsugineum	Brassicaceae	A relative of arabidopsis with high salt tolerance	240 Mbp	26,351		JGI	2013[70]
Eutrema parvulum	Brassicaceae	Comparative analysis of crucifer genomes					2013[57]
Leavenworthia alabamica	Brassicaceae	Comparative analysis of crucifer genomes					2013[57]
Sisymbrium irio	Brassicaceae	Comparative analysis of crucifer genomes					2013[57]
Thellungiella parvula	Brassicaceae	A relative of arabidopsis with high salt tolerance					2011[71]
Cannabis sativa (hemp)	Cannabaceae	Hemp and marijuana production	ca 820 Mbp	30,074 based on transcriptome assembly and clustering			2011[72]	Illumina/454 scaffold N50 16.2 Kbp
Capparis spinosa var. herbacea (Caper)	Capparaceae	Crop	274.53 Mb	21,577			2022[73]	contig N50 9.36 Mb
Carica papaya (papaya)	Caricaceae	Fruit crop	372 Mbp	28,629			2008[74]	contig N50 11kbp scaffold N50 1Mbp total coverage ~3x (Sanger) 92.1% unigenes mapped 235Mbp anchored (of this 161Mbp also oriented)
Casuarina equisetifolia (Australian Pine)	Casuarinaceae	bonsai subject	300 Mbp	29,827			2018[75]
Tripterygium wilfordii (Lei gong teng)	Celastraceae	Chinese medicine crop	340.12 Mbp	31,593			2021[76]	Contig N50 3.09 Mbp
Cleome gynandra (African cabbage)	Cleomaceae	C4 leafy vegetable and medicinal plant	740 Mb	30,933			2023[77]	N50 of 42 Mb
Kalanchoë fedtschenkoi Raym.-Hamet & H. PerrierKalanchoe	Crassulaceae	Molecular genetic model for obligate CAM species in the eudicots	256 Mbp	30,964	34		2017[78]	~70× paired-end reads and ~37× mate-pair reads generated using an Illumina MiSeq platform.
Rhodiola crenulata (Tibetan medicinal herb)	Crassulaceae	Uses for medicine and food	344.5 Mb	35,517			2017[79]
Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)	Cucurbitaceae	Vegetable crop	ca 425 Mbp	23,440		BGI	2012[80]	Illumina coverage 108.6x contig N50 26.38 kbp Scaffold N50 2.38 Mbp genome covered 83.2% ~97% ESTs mapped
Cucumis melo (Muskmelon) DHL92	Cucurbitaceae	Vegetable crop	450 Mbp	27,427			2012[81]	454 13.5x coverage contig N50: 18.1kbp scaffold N50: 4.677 Mbp WGS
Cucumis sativus (cucumber) 'Chinese long' inbred line 9930	Cucurbitaceae	Vegetable crop	350 Mbp (Kmer depth) 367 Mbp (flow cytometry)	26,682			2009[82]	contig N50 19.8kbp scaffold N50 1,140kbp total coverage ~72.2 (Sanger + Ilumina) 96.8% unigenes mapped 72.8% of the genome anchored
Cucurbita argyrosperma subsp. argyrosperma (Silver-seed gourd)	Cucurbitaceae	Seed and fruit crop	228.8 Mbp	27,998	20	National Autonomous University of Mexico	2019,[83] updated in 2021	contig N50 447 kbp scaffold N50 11.6 Mbp total coverage: 120x Illumina (HiSeq2000 and MiSeq) + 31x PacBio RSII
Cucurbita argyrosperma subsp. sororia (wild gourd)	Cucurbitaceae	Wild relative of the silver-seed gourd	255.2 Mbp	30,592	20	National Autonomous University of Mexico	2021[84]	contig N50 1.2 Mbp scaffold N50 12.1 Mbp total coverage: 213x Illumina HiSeq4000 + 75.4x PacBio Sequel
Siraitia grosvenorii (Monk fruit)	Cucurbitaceae	Chinese medicine/sweetener	456.5 Mbp	30,565		Anhui Agricultural University	2018[85]
Hippophae rhamnoides (sea-buckthorn)	Elaeagnaceae	used in food and cosmetics	730 Mbp	30,812			2022[86]
Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree)	Euphorbiaceae	the most economically important member of the genus Hevea					2013[87]
Jatropha curcas Palawan	Euphorbiaceae	bio-diesel crop					2011[88]
Manihot esculenta (Cassava)	Euphorbiaceae	Humanitarian importance	~760 Mb	30,666		JGI	2012[89]
Ricinus communis (Castor bean)	Euphorbiaceae	Oilseed crop	320 Mbp	31,237		JCVI	2010[90]	Sanger coverage~4.6x contig N50 21.1 kbp scaffold N50 496.5kbp
Ricinus communis L. (Wild Castor)	Euphorbiaceae	one of the most important oil crops worldwide	~318.13 Mb	30,066		National Key R&D Program of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation, China, and the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program, China	2021[91]	genome size of 316 Mb, a scaffold N50 of 31.93 Mb, and a contig N50 of 8.96 Mb
Ammopiptanthus nanus	Fabaceae	Only genus of evergreen broadleaf shrub	889 Mb	37,188			2018[92]
Cajanus cajan (Pigeon pea) var. Asha	Fabaceae	Model legume					2012[93][94]
Arachis duranensis (A genome diploid wild peanut) accession V14167	Fabaceae	Wild ancestor of peanut, an oilseed and grain legume crop					2016[95]	Illumina 154x coverage, contig N50 22 kbp, scaffold N50 948 kbp
Amphicarpaea edgeworthii (Chinese hog-peanut)	Fabaceae	produces both aerial and subterranean fruits	299-Mb	27 899		Taishan Scholar Program, National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Innovation Program of SAAS	2021[96]
Arachis ipaensis (B genome diploid wild peanut) accession K30076	Fabaceae	Wild ancestor of peanut, an oilseed and grain legume crop					2016[95]	Illumina 163x coverage, contig N50 23 kbp, scaffold N50 5,343 kbp
Cicer arietinum (chickpea)	Fabaceae	filling					2013[97]
Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea)	Fabaceae						2013[98]
Dalbergia odorifera (fragrant rosewood)	Fabaceae	Wood product (heartwood) and folk medicine	653 Mb	30,310	10	Chinese Academy of Forestry	2020[99]	Contig N50: 5.92Mb Scaffold N50: 56.1 6Mb
Faidherbia albida (Apple-Ring Acacia)	Fabaceae	Importante in the Sahel for raising bees		28,979			2018[100][49]
Glycine max (soybean) var. Williams 82	Fabaceae	Protein and oil crop	1115 Mbp	46,430			2010[101]	Contig N50:189.4kbp Scaffold N50:47.8Mbp Sanger coverage ~8x WGS 955.1 Mbp assembled
Lablab purpureus (Hyacinth Bean)	Fabaceae	Crop for human consumption		20,946			2018[49][102]
Lotus japonicus (Bird's-foot Trefoil)	Fabaceae	Model legume					2008[103]
Medicago truncatula (Barrel Medic)	Fabaceae	Model legume					2011[104]
Melilotus officinalis (sweet yellow clover)	Fabaceae	Forage and Chinese medicine	976.27 Mbp	50,022			2023[105]
Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)	Fabaceae	Model bean	520 Mbp	31,638		JGI	2013?[106]
Prosopis cineraria (Ghaf)	Fabaceae	Desert mimosoid legume	691 Mbp	55,325			2023[107]
Vicia faba L. (Faba bean)	Fabaceae					Nature (journal)	2023[108]
Vicia villosa (hairy vetch)	Fabaceae	Forage and cover crop	2.03 Gbp				2023[109]
Vigna hirtella (Wild vigna)	Fabaceae	Wild legume	474.1 Mbp				2023[108][110]
Vigna reflexo-pilosa (Créole bean)	Fabaceae	Tetraploid wild legume	998.7 Mbp				2023[111][112]
Vigna subterranea (Bambara Groundnut)	Fabaceae	similar to peanuts		31,707			2018[113][49]
Vigna trinervia	Fabaceae		498,7 Mbp				2023[111]
Trifolium pratense L. (Red clover)	Fabaceae	often used to relieve symptoms of menopause, high cholesterol, and osteoporosis.[114]					2022[115]
Vicia sativa L. (Common vetch)	Fabaceae	grain to livestock					2022[116]
Macrotyloma uniflorum (Horse gram)	Fabaceae	horsefeed					2021[117]
Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut)	Fagaceae	cultivated nut	785.53 Mb	36,479		Beijing University of Agriculture	2019[118]	Illumina: ~42.7× PacBio: ~87× contig N50: 944,000bp
Quercus robur (European oak)	Fagaceae	Pedunculate oak, large diversity, somatic mutation studies	736 Mb	25,808	12	Biogeco lab, Inrae, University of Bordeaux	2018[119]	https://www.oakgenome.fr/?page_id=587
Carya illinoinensis Pecan	Junglandaceae	snacks in various recipes	651.31 Mb				2019[120]
Juglans mandshurica Maxim. (Manchurian walnut)	Junglandaceae	cultivated nut	548.7 Mb				2022[121]
Juglans regia (Persian walnut)	Junglandaceae	cultivated nut	540 Mb			Chinese Academy of Forestry	2020[122]
Juglans sigillata (Iron walnut)	Junglandaceae	cultivated nut	536.50 Mb			Nanjing Forestry University	2020[123]	Illumina+Nanopore+bionano scaffold N50: 16.43 Mb, contig N50: 4.34 Mb
Linum usitatissimum (flax)	Linaceae	Crop	~350 Mbp	43,384		BGI et al.	2012[124]
Bombax ceiba (red silk cotton tree)	Malvaceae	capsules with white fibre like cotton	895 Mb				2018[125]
Durio zibethinus (Durian)	Malvaceae	Tropical fruit tree	~738 Mbp				2017[126]
Gossypium raimondii	Malvaceae	One of the putative progenitor species of tetraploid cotton					2013?[127]
Theobroma cacao (cocoa tree)	Malvaceae	Flavouring crop					2010[128][129]
Theobroma cacao (cocoa tree) cv. Matina 1-6	Malvaceae	Most widely cultivated cacao type					2013[130]
Theobroma cacao (200 accessions)	Malvaceae	domestication history of cacao					2018[131]
Theobroma grandiflorum (cupuaçu)	Malvaceae	Cacao family tropical fruit	423 Mbp	31,381			2024[132]
Azadirachta indica (neem)	Meliaceae	Source of number of Terpenoids, including biopesticide azadirachtin, Used in Traditional Medicine	364 Mbp	~20000		GANIT Labs Archived 2014-01-08 at the Wayback Machine	2012[133] and 2011[134]	Illumina GAIIx, scaffold N50 of 452028bp, Transcriptome data from Shoot, Root, Leaf, Flower and Seed
Artocarpus nanchuanensis (Bayberry)	Moraceae	Extremely endangered fruit tree	769.44 Mbp	39,596	28		2022[135]
Moringa oleifera (Horseradish Tree)	Moringaceae	traditional herbal medicine		18,451			2018[136][49]
Eucalyptus caleyi (Caley's ironbark)	Myrtaceae		589.32 Mb				2024[137]
Eucalyptus urophylla (Timor white gum)	Myrtaceae	Fibre and timber crop	544.5 Mb				2023[138]
Eucalyptus grandis (Rose gum)	Myrtaceae	Fibre and timber crop	691.43 Mb				2011[139][138]
Eucalyptus lansdowneana (crimson mallee)	Myrtaceae		633.52 Mb				2024[137]
Eucalyptus marginata (Jarrah)	Myrtaceae		512.89 Mb				2024[137]
Eucalyptus pauciflora (Snow gum)	Myrtaceae	Fibre and timber crop	594.87 Mb			ANU	2020[140]	Nanopore + Illumina; contig N50: 3.23 Mb
Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree)	Myrtaceae	terpene-rich essential oil with therapeutic and cosmetic uses around the world	362 Mb	37,226		Gigabyte, NCBI GenBank, GigaScience	2021[141]	3128 scaffolds with a total length of 362 Mb (N50 = 1.9 Mb)
Averrhoa carambola (Star Fruit)	Oxalidales	fruit crop	335.49 Mb				2020[142]
Carya cathayensis (Chinese hickory)	Rosaceae	fruit crop	706.43 Mb				2019[120]
Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat)	Rosaceae	Fruit tree	760.1 Mb	45,743		Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2020[143]	Illumina+Nanopore+Hi-C 17 chromosomes, scaffold N50: 39.7 Mb
Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry)	Rosaceae	Fruit crop	240 Mbp	34,809			2011[144]	scaffold N50: 1.3 Mbp 454/Illumina/solid 39x coverage WGS
Gillenia trifoliata	Rosaceae	Apple Tribe	320.17±4.22 Mb	26,166	18		2021[145]	Number of scaffolds(>2kb): 789, scaffold N50: 30,093,771 bp, Contig N50 (bp): 828,523
Malus domestica (apple) "Golden Delicious"	Rosaceae	Fruit crop	~742.3 Mbp	57,386			2010[146]	contig N50 13.4 (kbp??) scaffold N50 1,542.7 (kbp??) total coverage ~16.9x (Sanger + 454) 71.2% anchored
Prunus amygdalus (almond)	Rosaceae	Fruit crop					2013?[147]
Prunus avium (sweet cherry) cv. Stella	Rosaceae	Fruit crop					2013?[147]
Prunus mume (Chinese plum or Japanese apricot)	Rosaceae	Fruit crop					2012[148]
Prunus persica (peach)	Rosaceae	Fruit crop	265 Mbp	27,852			2013[149]	Sanger coverage:8.47x WGS ca 99% ESTs mapped 215.9 Mbp in pseudomolecules
Prunus salicina (Japanese plum)	Rosaceae	Fruit crop	284.2 Mbp	24,448	8		2020[150]	PacBio/Hi-C, with contig N50 of 1.78 Mb and scaffold N50 of 32.32 Mb.
Pyrus bretschneideri (ya pear or Chinese white pear) cv. Dangshansuli	Rosaceae	Fruit crop					2012[151]
Pyrus communis (European pear) cv. Doyenne du Comice	Rosaceae	Fruit crop					2013?[147]
Rosa roxburghii (Chestnut Rose)	Rosaceae	Fruit crop	504 Mbp				2023[152]
Rosa sterilis	Rosaceae	Fruit crop	981.2 Mb				2023[153]
Rubus occidentalis (Black raspberry)	Rosaceae	Fruit crop	290 Mbp				2018[154]
Citrus clementina (Clementine)	Rutaceae	Fruit crop					2013?[155]
Citrus sinensis (Sweet orange)	Rutaceae	Fruit crop					2013?,[155] 2013[156]
Clausena lansium (Wampee)	Rutaceae	Fruit crop					2021[157]
Populus trichocarpa (poplar)	Salicaceae	Carbon sequestration, model tree, timber	510 Mbp (cytogenetic) 485 Mbp (coverage)	73,013 [Phytozome]			2006[158]	Scaffold N50: 19.5 Mbp Contig N50:552.8 Kbp [phytozome] WGS >=95 % cDNA found
Populus pruinosa (desert tree)	Salicaceae	farming and ranching	479.3 Mbp	35,131			2017[159]
Acer truncatum (purpleblow maple)	Sapindaceae	Tree producing nervonic acid	633.28 Mb	28,438			2020[160]	contig N50 = 773.17 Kb; scaffold N50 = 46.36 Mb
Acer yangbiense	Sapindaceae	Plant species with extremely small populations	110 Gb	28,320	13		2019[161]	scaffold N50 = 45 Mb
Dimocarpus longan (Longan)	Sapindaceae	Fruit crop	471.88 Mb				2017[162]
Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge (Yellowhorn)	Sapindaceae	Fruit Crop	504.2 Mb	24,672			2019[163][164]
Aquilaria sinensis (Agarwood)	Thymelaeaceae	Fragrant wood	726.5 Mb	29,203			2020[165]	Illumina+nanopore+Hi-C, scaffold N50: 88.78 Mb
Vitis vinifera (grape) genotype PN40024	Vitaceae	fruit crop					2007[166]

Asterids

Organism strain	Family	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion	Assembly status
Asclepias syriaca, (common milkweed)	Apocynaceae	Exudes milky latex	420 Mbp	14,474	Oregon State University	2019[167]	80.4× depth N50 = 3,415 bp
Erigeron breviscapus (Chinese herbal fleabane)	Asteraceae	Chinese medicine		37,505		2017[168]
Helianthus annuus (sunflower)	Asteraceae	Oil crop	3.6 Gbb	52,232	INRA and The Sunflower Genome Database[169]	2017[170]	N50 contig: 13.7 kb
Lactuca sativa (lettuce)	Asteraceae	Vegetable crop	2.5 Gbb	38,919		2017[171]	N50 contig: 12 kb; N50 scaffold: 476 kb
Handroanthus impetiginosus, Bignoniaceae (Pink Ipê)	Bignoniaceae	Common tree	503.7 Mb	31,668		2017[172]
Diospyros oleifera Cheng (Oil persimmon)	Ebenaceae	Fruit tree	849.53 Mb	28,580	Zhejiang University & Chinese Academy of Forestry	2019[173] & 2020[174]	Two genomes both chromosome scale & assigned to 15 pseudochromosomes
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Chinese red sage)	Lamiaceae	TCM treatment for COPD	641 Mb	34,598		2015[175]
Callicarpa americana (American beautyberry)	Lamiaceae	Ornamental shrub and insect-repellent	506 Mb	32,164	Michigan State University	2020[176]	17 pseudomolecules Contig N50: 7.5Mb Scaffold N50: and 29.0 Mb
Mentha x piperita (Peppermint)	Lamiaceae	Oil crop	353 Mb	35,597	Oregon State University	2017[177]
Tectona grandis (Teak)	Lamiaceae	Durability and water resistance		31,168		2019[178]
Utricularia gibba (humped bladderwort)	Lentibulariaceae	model system for studying genome size evolution; a carnivorous plant	81.87 Mb	28,494	LANGEBIO, CINVESTAV	2013[179]	Scaffold N50: 80.839 Kb
Camptotheca acuminata Decne (Chinese happy tree)	Nyssaceae	chemical drugs for cancer treatment	403 Mb	31,825		2017[180]
Davidia involucrata Baill (Dove tree)	Nyssaceae	Living fossil	1,169 Mb	42,554		2020[181]
Mimulus guttatus	Phrymaceae	model system for studying ecological and evolutionary genetics	ca 430 Mbp	26,718	JGI	2013?[182]	Scaffold N50 = 1.1 Mbp Contig N50 = 45.5 Kbp
Primula vulgaris (Common primrose)	Primulaceae	Used for cooking	474 Mb			2018[183]
Cinchona pubescens Vahl. (Fever tree)	Rubiaceae	Anti-malarial	1.1 Gb			2022[184]
Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) cv. Heinz 1706	Solanaceae	Food crop	ca 900 Mbp	34,727	SGN	2011[185] 2012[186]	Sanger/454/Illumina/Solid Pseudomolecules spanning 91 scaffolds (760Mbp of which 594Mbp have been oriented ) over 98% ESTs mappable
Solanum aethiopicum (Ethiopian eggplant)	Solanaceae	Food crop	1.02 Gbp	34,906	BGI	2019[187]	Illumina scaffold N50: 516,100bp contig N50: 25,200 bp ~109× coverage
Solanum pimpinellifolium (Currant Tomato)	Solanaceae	closest wild relative to tomato				2012[186]	Illumina contig N50: 5100bp ~40x coverage
Solanum tuberosum (Potato)	Solanaceae	Food crop	726 Mbp[188]	39,031	Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium (PGSC)	2011[189][190]	Sanger/454/Illumina 79.2x coverage contig N50: 31,429bp scaffold N50: 1,318,511bp
Solanum commersonii (commerson's nightshade)	Solanaceae	Wild potato relative	838 Mbp kmer (840 Mbp)	37,662	UNINA, UMN, UNIVR, Sequentia Biotech, CGR	2015[191]	Illumina 105x coverage contig N50: 6,506bp scaffold N50: 44,298bp
Cuscuta campestris (field dodder)	Solanaceae	model system for parasitic plants	556 Mbp kmer (581 Mbp)	44,303	RWTH Aachen University, Research Center Jülich, University of Tromsø, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technical University Munich, University of Vienna	2018[192]	scaffold N50 = 1.38 Mbp
Cuscuta australis (Southern dodder)	Solanaceae	model system for parasitic plants	265 Mbp kmer (273 Mbp)	19,671	Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences	2018[193]	scaffold N50 = 5.95 Mbp contig N50 = 3.63 Mbp
Nicotiana benthamiana	Solanaceae	Close relative of tobacco	ca 3 Gbp			2012[194]	Illumina 63x coverage contig N50: 16,480bp scaffold N50:89,778bp >93% unigenes found
Nicotiana sylvestris (Tobacco plant)	Solanaceae	model system for studies of terpenoid production	2.636 Gbp		Philip Morris International	2013[195]	94x coverage scaffold N50: 79.7 kbp 194kbp superscaffolds using physical Nicotiana map
Nicotiana tomentosiformis	Solanaceae	Tobacco progenitor	2.682 Gb		Philip Morris International	2013[195]	146x coverage scaffold N50: 82.6 kb 166kbp superscaffolds using physical Nicotiana map
Capsicum annuum (Pepper) (a) cv. CM334 (b) cv. Zunla-1	Solanaceae	Food crop	~3.48 Gbp	(a) 34,903 (b) 35,336		(a) 2014[196] (b) 2014[197]	N50 contig: (a) 30.0 kb (b) 55.4 kb N50 scaffold: (a) 2.47 Mb (b) 1.23 Mb
Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum (Chiltepin)	Solanaceae	Progenitor of cultivated pepper	~3.48 Gbp	34,476		2014[197]	N50 contig: 52.2 kb N50 scaffold: 0.45 Mb
Petunia hybrida	Solanaceae	Economically important flower				2011[198]

Monocots

Grasses

Organism strain	Family	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion	Assembly status
Setaria italica (Foxtail millet)	Poaceae	Model of C4 metabolism	400 Mb (approx)			2012[199]
Aegilops tauschii (Tausch's goatgrass)	Poaceae	bread wheat D-genome progenitor	4,360 Mb (approx)	39,622		2017[200]	pseudomolecule assembly
Bothriochloa decipiens (Australian bluestem grass)	Poaceae	BCD clade and polyploid	1,218.22 Mb	60,652		2023[201]	Scaffold N50: 42.637 Mb
Brachypodium distachyon (purple false brome)	Poaceae	Model monocot	272 Mb			2010[202]
Coix lacryma-jobi L. (Job's tears)	Poaceae	Crop & used in medicine & ornamentation	1,619 Mb	39,629		2019[203]
Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Heller's rosette grass)	Poaceae	C3 grass closely related to C4 species	960 Mb		DDPSC	2016[204]
Digitaria exilis (white fonio)	Poaceae	African orphan crop	761 Mb		ICRISAT, UC Davis	2021[205]	3,329 contigs. N50: 1.73 Mb; L50, 126)
Eragrostis curvula	Poaceae	Forage & erosion control	602 Mb	56,469		2019[206]
Hordeum vulgare (barley)	Poaceae	Crop & model of ecological adoption	5,100 Mb		IBSC	2012,[207] 2017[208]
Oryza brachyantha (wild rice)	Poaceae	Disease resistant wild relative of rice	362 Mb			2013[209]
Oryza glaberrima (African rice) var CG14	Poaceae	West-African species of rice	358 Mb			2010[210]
Oryza rufipogon (red rice)	Poaceae	Ancestor to Oryza sativa	406 Mb	37,071	SIBS	2012[211]	Illumina HiSeq2000 100x coverage
Oryza sativa (long grain rice) ssp indica	Poaceae	Crop and model cereal	430 Mb[212]		International Rice Genome Sequencing Project (IRGSP)	2002[213]
Oryza sativa (Short grain rice) ssp japonica	Poaceae	Crop and model cereal	430 Mb		International Rice Genome Sequencing Project (IRGSP)	2002[214]
Panicum virgatum (switchgrass)	Poaceae	biofuel	1,129.9 Mb			2013?[215]
Poa annua (annual bluegrass)	Poaceae	weed	3,560 Mb	76,420	USDA ARS, Forage and Range Research	2023[216]	unphased (haploid) pseudomolecules
Poa infirma (weak bluegrass)	Poaceae	diploid progenitor to Poa annua	2,250 Mb	39,420	Penn State University	2023[217]	unphased (haploid) pseudomolecules
Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass)	Poaceae	Lawn grass	6,090 Mb			2023[218]	Scaffold N50: 65.1 Mbp
Poa supina (supine bluegrass)	Poaceae	diploid progenitor to Poa annua	1,270 Mb	37,935	Penn State University	2023[217]	unphased (haploid) pseudomolecules
Phyllostachys edulis (moso bamboo)	Poaceae	Bamboo textile industry	603.3 Mb	25,225		2013[219] 2018[220]
Sorghum bicolor genotype BTx623	Poaceae	Crop	730 Mb (approx)	34,496		2009[221]	contig N50:195.4kbp scaffold N50: 62.4Mbp Sanger, 8.5x coverage WGS
Triticum aestivum (bread wheat)	Poaceae	20% of global nutrition	14,500 Mb	107,891	IWGSC	2018[222]	pseudomolecule assembly
Triticum urartu	Poaceae	Bread wheat A-genome progenitor	4,940 Mb (approx)		BGI	2013[223]	Non-repetitive sequence assembled Illumina WGS
Zea mays (maize) ssp mays B73	Poaceae	Cereal crop	2,300 Mb	39,656[224]		2009[225]	contig N50 40kbp scaffold N50: 76kbp Sanger, 4-6x coverage per BAC
Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet)	Poaceae	Sub-Saharan and Sahelian millet species	1,790 Mb (approx)	38,579		2017[226]	WGS and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequencing

Other non-grasses

Organism strain	Family	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	No of chromosomes	Organization	Year of completion	Assembly status
Ananas bracteatus accession CB5	Bromeliaceae	Wild pineapple relative	382 Mb	27,024	25		2015[227]	100× coverage using Illumina paired-end reads of libraries with different insert sizes.
Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (Pineapple), varieties F153 and MD2	Bromeliaceae	The most economically valuable crop possessing crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)	382 Mb	27,024	25		2015[227]	400× Illumina reads, 2× Moleculo synthetic long reads, 1× 454 reads, 5× PacBio single-molecule long reads and 9,400 BACs.
Ottelia alismoides (Duck lettuce)	Hydrocharitaceae	Aquatic plant	6450 Mb				2024[228]	11,923 scaffolds/contigs and an N50 of 790,733 bp
Pontederia crassipes (Water hyacinth)	Pontederiaceae	Aquatic plant	1220 Mb		8	65,299	2024[229]	Scaffold N50 = 77.2Mb
Musa acuminata (Banana)	Musaceae	A-genome of modern banana cultivars	523 Mb	36,542			2012[230]	N50 contig: 43.1 kb N50 scaffold: 1.3 Mb
Musa balbisiana (Wild banana) (PKW)	Musaceae	B-genome of modern banana cultivars	438 Mb	36,638			2013[231]	N50 contig: 7.9 kb
Musa balbisiana (DH-PKW)	Musaceae	B-genome (B-subgenome to cultivated allotriploid bananas)	430 Mb	35,148	11	CATAS, BGI, CIRAD	2019[232]	N50 contig: 1.83 Mb
Musa beccarii (Red ornamental banana)	Musaceae	Ornamental, aids understanding Musaceae genomes evolution	567 Mb	39,112	9		2023[233]
Calamus simplicifolius	Arecaceae	native to tropical and subtropical regions	1980 Mb	51,235			2018[234]
Cocos nucifera (Coconut palm)	Arecaceae	used in food and cosmetics	2420 Mb (approx)				2017[235]
Daemonorops jenkinsiana	Arecaceae	native to tropical and subtropical regions.	1610 Mb	52,342			2018[234]
Phoenix dactylifera (Date palm)	Arecaceae	Woody crop in arid regions	658 Mbp	28,800			2011[236]	N50 contig: 6.4 kb
Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm)	Arecaceae	Oil-bearing crop	1800 Mb (approx)	34,800			2013[237]	N50 scaffold: 1.27 Mb
Spirodela polyrhiza (Greater duckweed)	Araceae	Aquatic plant	158 Mbp	19,623			2014[238]	N50 scaffold: 3.76 Mb
Dendrobium hybrid cultivar ‘Emma White’	Orchidaceae	Commercialised hybrid orchid	678 Mbp				2022[239]
Phalaenopsis equestris (Schauer) Rchb.f. (Moth orchid)	Orchidaceae	Breeding parent of many modern moth orchid cultivars and hybrids. Plant with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM).	1600 Mb	29,431			2014[240]	N50 scaffold: 359,115 kb
Iris pallida Lam. (Dalmatian Iris)	Iridaceae	Ornamental and, commercial interest in secondary metabolites	10040 Mb	63,944		Novartis	2023[241]	Scaffold N50: 14.34 Mbp
Iris sibirica (Siberian Iris)	Iridaceae	Ornamental flower	226.6 Mb				2023[242]
Iris virginica (Southern Blue Flag Iris)	Iridaceae	Ornamental flower	390.9 Mb				2023[242]

Press releases announcing sequencing

Not meeting criteria of the first paragraph of this article in being nearly full sequences with high quality, published, assembled and publicly available. This list includes species where sequences are announced in press releases or websites, but not in a data-rich publication in a refereed peer-review journal with DOI.

• Corchorus olitorius (Jute mallow), fibre plant 2017^[243][244]
• Corchorus capsularis 2017^[243]
• Fraxinus excelsior, European ash (2013 draft^[245][246])

See also

• List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes
• List of sequenced animal genomes
• List of sequenced archaeal genomes
• List of sequenced bacterial genomes
• List of sequenced fungi genomes
• List of sequenced plastomes
• List of sequenced protist genomes

External links

• http://plabipd.de/timeline_view.ep
• http://genomevolution.org/wiki/index.php/Sequenced_plant_genomes
• https://phytozome.jgi.doe.gov/pz/portal.html
• https://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/plaza/

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