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Philosophers born in the centuries BC (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically:
- Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.
- Aenesidemus, (1st century BC)[d]
- Agastya,(c.1000 BCE)
- Alcibiades, (c. 450-404 BC)
- Alcmaeon of Croton, (5th century BC)[b][c][d][e]
- Anacharsis, (6th century BC)
- Anaxagoras, (died 462 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]*
- Anaxarchus, (fl. 340 BC)[d]
- Anaxilaus, (1st century BC)
- Anaximander, (c. 610-c. 546 BC)[a][b][c][d]
- Anaximenes of Miletus, (585-525 BC)[a][b][c][d]
- Andronicus of Rhodes, (c. 70 BC)[a]
- Angiras, (c. 11th century BC)
- Anniceris, (fl. 300 BC)[a]
- Akspada Gautama,(8th century bc)
- Antiochus of Ascalon, (c. 130-68 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Antiphon, (480-403 BC)[d]
- Antisthenes, (c. 444-365 BC)[b][c][d]
- Arcesilaus, (316-241 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Archimedes, (d. 212 BC)
- Archytas, (428-347 BC)[a][d][e]
- Aristippus the Elder of Cyrene, (c. 435-366 BC)[b][c][d]
- Aristo of Chios, (fl. 250 BC)[d]
- Aristotle, (384 BC-322 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Aristoxenus, (4th century BC)
- Asclepiades of Bithynia, (129-40 BC)
- Ajita Kesakambali (6th century BCE)
- Ashvapati, (c. 1000 BC)
- Ashtavakra, (c. 1000 BC)
- Titus Pomponius Atticus, (110-32 BC)
- Bādarāyaņa, (c. 3rd century BC)
- Blossius, (2nd century BC)
- Gautama Buddha, (6th century BC)
- Callicles, (late 5th century BC)[d][e]
- Carneades, (c. 214-129 BC)[b][c][d][e]
- Cārvāka, (c. 200-150 BC)
- Cebes of Thebes, (5th century BC)
- Chaerephon, (c. 460-c. 400 BC)
- Chanakya (or Kautilya) (321-296 BC)[d]
- Chao Cuo (c. 200-154 BC)
- Chia Yi (or Jia Yi or Chia I), (201-169 BC)[a][d]
- Chrysippus, (279-207 BC)[b][c][d]
- Cicero, (106 BC-43 BC)[a][b][c][d]
- Cleanthes, (301-232 BC)[d]
- Cleobulus, (fl. 560 BC)
- Clitomachus, (187-109 BC)
- Confucius, (551 BC-479 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Crantor, (4th century BC)
- Crates of Thebes, (4th century BC)
- Cratylus of Athens, (c. 400 BC)[b][c][d]
- Democritus, (born 460 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Dirghatamas (14th century BCE)
- Deng Xi (501 BC)
- Diagoras, (5th century BC)
- Dandamis (4th Century BCE)
- Diodorus Cronus, (3rd century BC)[c][d][e]
- Diogenes Apolloniates, (c. 460 BC)[d]
- Diogenes the Cynic of Sinope, (412-323 BC)[b][c][d]
- Dong Zhongshu (or Tung Chung-shu), (c. 176-c. 104 BC)[a][d]
- Ellopion of Peparethus, (4th century BC)
- Empedocles, (490 BC-430 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Epicharmus, (c. 540-450 BC)[d]
- Epicurus, (341 BC-270 BC)[b][c][d][e]
- Epimenides, (6th century BC)
- Eubulides of Miletus, (4th century BC)
- Euclid of Alexandria, (c. 323-283 BC)
- Euclid of Megara, (c. 400 BC)
- Eudoxus of Cnidus, (410 or 408 BC-355 or 347 BC)[a][d]
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- Gaozi, (c. 420 BC)[a]
- Gautama, Aksapada, (c. 2nd century BC)[d]
- Gautama, Siddhartha (or Buddha), (ca. 563-483 BC)[a][c][d]
- Gargi Vachaknavi (8th century BCE)
- Geminus, (c. 110-c. 40 BC)
- Gongsun Longzi, (c. 300 BC)[a]
- Ghosha (8th century BCE)
- Gorgias, (c. 483-375 BC)[a][b][c][d]
- Guan Zhong (or Kuan Tzu or Kwan Chung or Guanzi) (740-645 BC)[a][d]
- Guiguzi
- Han Fei, (d. 233 BC)
- Hecato of Rhodes, (135-50 BC)
- Hegesias of Cyrene, (c. 300 BC)
- Heraclides Ponticus, (387-312 BC)[d]
- Heraclitus of Ephesus, (ca. 535-475 BC)[a][b][c][d]
- Hicetas, (400-335 BC)
- Hipparchia of Maroneia, (4th century BC)
- Hippasus, (c. 500 BC)
- Hippias, (5th century BC)[d]
- Hippocrates, (460-380 BC)[a][b][c]
- Hsu Hsing, (c. 300 BC)[a]
- Huai Nun Tzu (or Huainanzi or Liu An), (179-122 BC)[a][d]
- Hui Shi, (4th century BC)[a]
- Jaimini, (c. 3rd century BC)
- Mahavira, (599-527 BC)[a][d]
- Makkhali Gosala, (6th century BC)
- Melissus of Samos, (late 5th century BC)[a][b][c][d]
- Mencius (or Meng K'o or Meng-tzu or Mengzi), (372-289 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Markandeya, (c.1000BCE)
- Menedemus, (c. 350-278 BC)
- Maitreyi (8th century BCE)
- Metrocles, (c. 300 BC)
- Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the elder), (5th century BC)
- Metrodorus of Chios, (4th century BC)
- Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the younger), (331-278 BC)
- Metrodorus of Stratonicea, (late 2nd century BC)
- Mozi (or Mo Tzu, or Mo Ti, or Micius), (c. 470-c. 390 BC)[a][c][d]
- Nagasena (born 150 BC)
- Ostanes, Iranian alchemist mage
- Parshvanatha,(8th century BC)
- Panaetius, (c. 185-c. 110 BC)[d]
- Pāṇini, (c. 600-500 BC)
- Parashara (c.1200 BCE)
- Parmenides, (5th century BC)[a][b][c][d]
- Pañcaśikha (6th century BCE)
- Parshva, (c. 877-777 BC)
- Patañjali, (2nd century BC)[d]
- Payasi (6th century BCE)
- Pippalada,(6th Century BC)
- Pherecydes of Syros, (6th century BC)
- Philo Judaeus of Alexandria, (20 BC-AD 40)[a][b][c][d]
- Philo of Larissa, (1st century BC)[d][e]*
- Philo the Dialectician, (c. 300 BC)[b][c][d]
- Philodemus of Gadara, (1st century BC)[d][e]*
- Philolaus of Croton, (c. 480-c. 405 BC)[a][d][e]
- Pingala, (c. 4th century BC)
- Plato, (c. 427 BC-c. 347 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Polyaenus of Lampsacus, (died 278 BC)
- Posidonius, (c. 135-51 BC)[d]
- Prodicus, (c. 450-399 BC)[d]
- Protagoras, (c. 481-420 BC)[b][c][d]
- Purana Kassapa (6th century BCE)
- Pakudha Kaccayana (6th century BCE)
- Pyrrho, (c. 360-c. 270 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Pythagoras, (c. 570 BC- c. 495 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
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| This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2010) |
- Sanjaya Belatthiputta (7th-6th century BCE)
- Śāriputra (6th century BCE)
- Seneca the Younger, (c. 4 BC-AD 65)[b][c][d]
- Shang Yang (or Gongsun Yang), (d. 338 BC)[a]
- Shvetaketu,(9th century BCE)
- Shen Buhai, (d. 337 BC)[a]
- Shen Dao (or Shen Tzu), (c. 350-275 BC)[a]
- Shvetashvatara, (c. 4th century BC)
- Socrates, (470 BC-399 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Solomon, (970-931 BC)
- Shukracharya (8th century BCE)
- Speusippus, (410-339 BC)[b][c][d][e]
- Stilpo, (380-330 BC)
- Strato of Lampsacus, (c. 340-c. 268 BC)[a][d]
- Sun Tzu, (4th century BC)
- Sung Hsing (or Sung Tzu), (360-290 BC)[a]
- Su Qin (380-284 BC)
- Thales, (c. 635 BC-543 BC)[a][b][c][d]
- Theano, (c. 6th century BC)
- Theodorus of Cyrene, (c. 340-c. 250 BC)
- Theophrastus, (372-287 BC)[b][c][d]
- Thrasymachus, (5th century BC)[a][c][d][e]
- Thucydides, (c. 460-c. 400 BC)[d]
- Timaeus of Locri, (5th century BC)
- Timon of Phlius, (c. 300 BC)[d][e]
- Tiruvalluvar, (c. 1st century BC–2nd century CE)
- Uddalaka Aruni (c. 1000 BC)
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- Yajnavalkya, (fl. c. 7th century BC)
- Yang Chu, (370-319 BC)[a][d]
- Yang Xiong (or Yang Hsiung) (53 BC-AD 18)[a][d]
- Zengzi (505 BC-436 BC)
- Zeno of Citium (333 BC-264 BC)[b][c][d]
- Zeno of Elea (c. 495 BC-c. 430 BC)[b][c][d]
- Zeno of Sidon (1st century BC)
- Zeno of Tarsus (3rd century BC)
- Zhang Yi (c. 329-309 BC)
- Zhuang Zi (or Chuang Tzu or Chuang Chou), (c. 300 BC)[a][b][c][e]
- Zichan (522 BC)
- Zisi (c. 481-402 BC)
- Zoroaster
- Zou Yan (3rd century BC)[a]
- Lists of philosophers
- List of philosophers born in the 1st through 10th centuries
- List of philosophers born in the 11th through 14th centuries
- List of philosophers born in the 15th and 16th centuries
- List of philosophers born in the 17th century
- List of philosophers born in the 18th century
- List of philosophers born in the 19th century
- List of philosophers born in the 20th century
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, (Second Edition). Cambridge University Press; 1999. ISBN 0-521-63722-8
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