Philosophers (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically: Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed. Contents A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A–C D–H I–Q R–Z Notes References D Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717–1783)[1][2][3][4] Damascius (c. 462–540)[1][2][4] Peter Damian (c. 1007–1072)[2][4][5] Hubert Damisch (1928–2017) Arthur Danto (1924–2013)[1][2][3] Charles Darwin (1809–1882)[2][4] Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802)[2] David of Dinant (12th century)[2][4] David the Invincible (late 6th century)[5] Donald Davidson (1917–2003)[1][2][3][4][5] Angela Davis (born 1944) Jalal al-Din al-Dawani (1426–1502)[4] Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986)[2][3][4][5] Bruno de Finetti (1906–1985)[2][3] Daniel De Leon (1852–1914) Joseph de Maistre (1753–1821)[1][2][3] Paul de Man (1919–1983)[4] Augustus De Morgan (1806–1871)[1][2][3][4] Francesco de Sanctis (1817–1883)[2] Guy Debord (1931–1994) Régis Debray (born 1940) Richard Dedekind (1831–1916)[1][3][4] Joseph Déjacque (1821–1865) Gilles Deleuze (1925–1995)[2][3][4][5] Bernard Delfgaauw (1912–1993) Elijah Delmedigo (1460–1497)[4][5] Giorgio Del Vecchio (1878–1970)[2] Democritus (460–370 BC)[1][2][3][4][5] Alain Deneault (born 1970) Daniel Dennett (1942-2024)[1][2][3][4] Denys the Carthusian (or Denys de Leeuwis) (1402–1471)[4] Jacques Derrida (1930–2004)[1][2][3][4][5] René Descartes (1596–1650)[1][2][3][4][5] Vincent Descombes (born 1943) Robert Desgabets (1610–1678)[2][4][5] Antoine Destutt de Tracy (1754–1836)[2] Paul Deussen (1845–1919)[2] Alejandro Deustua (1849–1945)[2] John Dewey (1859–1952)[1][3][4][5] Dharmakirti (c. 7th century)[1][4][5] Albert Venn Dicey (1835–1922)[4] Denis Diderot (1713–1784)[1][2][3][4][5] Dietrich of Freiberg (13th century)[4][5] Joseph Dietzgen (1828–1888) Kenelm Digby (1603–1665)[4] Dignaga (c. 480–c. 540)[4] Wilhelm Dilthey (1833–1911)[1][2][3][4][5] Hugo Dingler (1881–1954)[2] Diodorus Cronus (3rd century BC)[2][4][5] Diogenes Laërtius (3rd century)[2][3][4] Diogenes of Apollonia (c. 460 BC)[2][4] Diogenes of Babylon (c. 230–c. 150/140 BC) Diogenes of Oenoanda (2nd century)[4] Diogenes the Cynic of Sinope (412–323 BC)[2][3][4] Dogen Zenji (or Dōgen Kigen) (1200–1253)[2][3][4] Dong Zhongshu (or Tung Chung-shu) (c. 176–c. 104)[1][2][4] Herman Dooyeweerd (1894–1977)[4] Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821–1881)[2][4] Frederick Douglass (1818–1895)[5] Fred Dretske (1932–2013)[1][2][3] Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch (1867–1941)[2] W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963)[5] Emil du Bois-Reymond (1818–1896)[4] Jean-Baptiste Dubos (1670–1742)[2][5] Émilie du Châtelet (1706–1749)[4][5] Guillaume du Vair (1556–1621)[1] Curt Ducasse (1881–1969)[1][2][3][4] Pierre Duhem (1861–1916)[1][2][3][4][5] Eugen Dühring (1833–1921)[2][3][4] Michael Dummett (1925–2011)[1][2][3][4] Raya Dunayevskaya (1910–1987) James Dunbar (1742–1798) Duns Scotus (c. 1266–1308)[1][2][3][4][5] Profiat Duran (or Efodi or Isaac ben Moses Levi) (c. 1349–c. 1414)[4] Simeon ben Zemah Duran (or Rashbaz) (1361–1444)[4] Durandus of St. Pourçain (c. 1275–1334)[2][4] Will Durant (1885–1981) Émile Durkheim (1858–1917)[2][3][4] Enrique Dussel (1934–2023) Andrea Dworkin (1946–2005) Ronald Dworkin (1931–2013)[1][2][3][4] E Terry Eagleton (born 1943) Jonathan Earle (born 1970)[2] John Earman (born 1942)[2] Johann Augustus Eberhard (1739–1809)[2][4] Meister Eckhart (1260–1327/8)[1][2][4][5] Umberto Eco (1932–2016)[1] Arthur Stanley Eddington (1882–1944)[2] Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758)[1][2][3][4][5] Paul Edwards (1923–2004)[3] Christian von Ehrenfels (1856–1932)[2][5] Albert Einstein (1879–1955)[1][2][3][4] Mircea Eliade (1907–1986)[4] Elias (6th century)[5] George Eliot (1819–1880)[2][4] T. S. Eliot (1888–1965)[2] Elisabeth of Bohemia (1618–1680)[1][2][4][5] Jon Elster (born 1940)[3] Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)[1][2][3][4][5] Empedocles (490 BC–430 BC)[1][2][3][4][5] Friedrich Engels (1820–1895)[1][2][3][4] Epicharmus (c. 540–450 BC)[4] Epictetus (AD 55–c. 135)[2][3][4][5] Epicurus (341 BC–270 BC)[2][3][4][5] Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536)[1][2][3][4][5] Johannes Scotus Eriugena (c. 800–c. 880)[1][2][3][4][5] Rudolf Christoph Eucken (1846–1926)[2] Eudoxus of Cnidus (410/408 BC–355 or 347 BC)[1][4] Eusebius of Caesarea (264–339)[2][4] Gareth Evans (1946–1980)[2][3][4] F Emil Fackenheim (1916–2003)[4] Thome H. Fang (1899–1976)[1] Frantz Fanon (1925–1961)[3][4][5] Al-Farabi (870–950)[1][2][3][4][5] Michael Faraday (1791–1867)[2] Michelangelo Fardella (1646–1718)[4] Raimundo de Farias Brito (1862–1917)[2] Austin Marsden Farrer (1904–1968)[4] Ruy Fausto (1935–2020) Fazang (or Fa-Tsang) (643–712)[4] Gustav Fechner (1801–1887)[1][2][4][5] Andrew Feenberg (born 1943) Herbert Feigl (1902–1988)[5] Joel Feinberg (1926–2004)[2][3] José Pablo Feinmann (1943–2021) Valentin Feldman (1909–1942) Margaret Fell (1614–1702)[5] François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon (1651–1715)[2][4] Feng Youlan (1895–1990)[1] Adam Ferguson (1723–1816)[1][2][3][4] Ann Ferguson (born 1938)[2] Jose Ferrater-Mora (1912–1991)[3] Luigi Ferri (1826–1895)[2] James Frederick Ferrier (1808–1864)[2][4] Friedrich Feuerbach (1806–1880) Ludwig Feuerbach (1804–1872)[1][2][3][4][5] Paul Feyerabend (1924–1994)[3][4][5] Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814)[1][2][3][4][5] Marsilio Ficino (1433–1499)[1][2][3][4][5] Hartry Field (born 1946)[2][3] Robert Filmer (1588–1653)[1][2][3][4] J. N. Findlay (1903–1987)[5] Eugen Fink (1905–1975)[2] John Finnis (born 1940)[3] Joachim of Fiore (1135–1202) Kuno Fischer (1824–1907)[2] Ronald Fisher (1890–1962)[2] John Fiske (1842–1901)[2] Richard FitzRalph (c. 1300–1360)[5] Ludwik Fleck (1896–1961)[5] Pavel Aleksandrovich Florenskii (1882–1937)[2][4] Georges Florovsky (1893–1979)[2] Robert Fludd (1574–1637)[1][2][4] Jerry Fodor (1935–2017)[1][2][3][4] Robert J. Fogelin (1932–2016)[3] Dagfinn Føllesdal (born 1932)[3] Benjamin Fondane (1898–1944) Pedro da Fonseca (1528–1599)[1][2][4] Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle (1657–1757)[1][2][4] Philippa Foot (1920–2010)[1][2][3][5] David Fordyce (1711–1751)[1] Michel Foucault (1926–1984)[1][2][3][4][5] Simon Foucher (1644–1696)[2][4] Alfred Fouillée (1838–1922)[2] Charles Fourier (1772–1837)[1][2] Francis of Marchia (c. 1290–c. 1344)[5] Francis of Meyronnes (1285–1328)[4] Sebastian Franck (1499–1542)[2] Jerome Frank (1889–1957)[4] Erich Frank (1883–1949)[2] Semën Liudvigovich Frank (1877–1950)[2][4] William K. Frankena (1908–1994)[1][3] Harry Gordon Frankfurt (1929–2023)[2][3] Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790)[2][3][4] Nancy Fraser (born 1947) Michael Frede (1940–2007)[3] Gottlob Frege (1848–1925)[1][2][3][4][5] Hans Frei (1922–1988)[4] Paulo Freire (1921–1997) Sigmund Freud (1856–1939)[1][2][3][4] Jakob Friedrich Fries (1773–1843)[2][4] Friedrich Fröbel (1782–1852)[2] Erich Fromm (1900–1980) Marilyn Frye (born 1941)[2] Fujiwara Seika (1561–1619)[4] Lon L. Fuller (1902–1978)[4] Richard Fumerton (born 1949)[1] Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov (1828–1906)[2][4] G Gadadhara Bhattacharya (1604–1709)[4] Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900–2002)[1][2][3][4][5] Muammar Gaddafi (1941–2011)[1] Gaius (110–180)[4] Galen (131–201)[1][2][3][4][5] Galileo Galilei (1564–1642)[1][2][3][4][5] Pasquale Galluppi (1770–1846)[2] Rafael Gambra Ciudad (1920–2004) Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948)[1][3][4] Gangeśa (fl. c. 1325)[4][5] Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange (1887–1964)[2][4] Christian Garve (1742–1798)[2] Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655)[1][2][3][4][5] Marcel Gauchet (born 1946) Gaunilo (11th century)[2] Aksapada Gautama (c. 2nd century BC)[4] Siddhartha Gautama (or Buddha) (c. 563–483 BC)[1][4][5] David Gauthier (born 1932)[3] John Gay (1685–1732)[1][2] Peter Geach (1919–2013)[1][3] Arnold Gehlen (1904–1976)[2] Antonio Genovesi (1712–1769)[2] Ronald Giere Giovanni Gentile (1875–1944)[1][2][3][4] Gerhard Gentzen (1909–1945)[3][4] George of Trebizond (1395–1484)[4] Gerard of Cremona (1114–1187)[4] Gerard of Odo (or Gerald Odonis) (1290–1349)[4] Alexander Gerard (1728–1795)[2][4] Gerbert of Aurillac (or Pope Silvester II) (c. 950–1003)[2][4] Giacinto Sigismondo Gerdil (1718–1802)[4] Jean Gerson (1363–1429)[1][2][4] Gersonides (or Levi ben Gershon) (1288–1344)[1][2][4][5] Edmund Gettier (1927–2021)[3] Arnold Geulincx (1624–1669)[1][2][3][4] Alan Gewirth (1912–2004)[3][2] Joseph Geyser (1869–1948)[2] Al-Ghazali (1058–1111)[1][2][3][4][5] Allan Gibbard (born 1942)[3] Edward Gibbon (1737–1794)[2] Josiah Gibbs (1839–1903)[2] Gilbert of Poitiers (1070–1154)[2][4] Giles of Rome (c. 1243–1316)[1][2][3][4][5] Étienne Gilson (1884–1978)[1][2][3] Asher Ginsberg (or Ahad Ha'am) (1856–1927)[4] Vincenzo Gioberti (1801–1852)[1][2][4] Joseph Glanvill (1636–1680)[1][2][4] Jonathan Glover (born 1941)[3] Arthur de Gobineau (1816–1882)[2] Rudolph Goclenius (1547–1628)[1] Kurt Gödel (1906–1978)[2][3][4][5] Godfrey of Fontaines (c. 1250–1309)[1][2][4][5] William Godwin (1756–1836)[1][2][3][4][5] Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749–1832)[1][2][3][4] Friedrich Gogarten (1887–1968)[2] Alvin Goldman (born 1938)[1][2][3] Lucien Goldmann (1913–1970) Gongsun Longzi (c. 300 BC)[1][2] Nelson Goodman (1906–1998)[1][2][3][4][5] Gorampa (1429–1489)[5] Gorgias (c. 483–375 BC)[1][2][3][4] André Gorz (1923–2007) Johann Christoph Gottsched (1700–1766)[2] Marie de Gournay (1565–1645)[2] Baltasar Gracián y Morales (1601–1658)[1][2] Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937)[1][2][3][4] Asa Gray (1810–1888)[2] John Gray (born 1948) Hilary Greaves (born 1978) Thomas Hill Green (1836–1882)[1][2][3][4][5] Pope Gregory I (540–604)[1][3] Gregory of Nazianzus (329–389)[2] Gregory of Nyssa (c. 335–398)[1][2] Gregory of Rimini (d. 1358)[1][2][3][4][5] Herbert Paul Grice (1913–1988)[1][2][3][4][5] James Griffin (1933–2019)[3] Germain Grisez (1929–2018)[3] Robert Grosseteste (1175–1253)[1][2][3][4][5] Reinhardt Grossmann (1931–2010)[3] John Grote (1813–1866)[2][4] Hugo Grotius (1583–1645)[1][2][3][4][5] Adolf Grunbaum (1923–2018)[3] Karl Grün (1817–1887) Boris Grushin (1929–2007) Guan Zhong (or Kuan Tzu or Kwan Chung or Guanzi) (740–645 BC)[1][4] Félix Guattari (1930–1992) Ernesto "Che" Guevara (1928–1967) Guo Xiang (c. 252–312)[2] Edmund Gurney (1847–1888)[4] Aron Gurwitsch (1901–1973)[2] H Susan Haack (born 1945) Jürgen Habermas (born 1929)[1][2][3][4][5] Ian Hacking (born 1936)[3] Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919)[1][2][4] Axel Anders Theodor Hagerstrom (1868–1939)[2][4] Martin Hägglund (born 1976) Yehuda Halevi (c. 1085–1141)[1][2][3][4][5] Johann Georg Hamann (1730–1788)[1][2][4][5] Octave Hamelin (1856–1907)[2] Sir William Hamilton (1788–1856)[1][2][3][4] David Walter Hamlyn (1924–2012)[3] Stuart Hampshire (1914–2004)[2][3] Agon Hamza (born 1984) Hassan Hanafi (1935–2021)[2] Han Feizi (died 233 BC)[1][2][4] Han Yu (768–824)[1][2][4] Alastair Hannay (born 1932)[3] Eduard Hanslick (1825–1904)[4] Norwood Russell Hanson (1922–1967)[4] Sandra Harding (born 1935)[2] Michael Hardt (born 1960) R. M. Hare (1919–2002)[1][2][3][4][5] Gilbert Harman (1938–2021)[2][3] Adolf von Harnack (1851–1930)[2] James Harrington (1611–1677)[2][4] Sam Harris (born 1967)[2][3] William Torrey Harris (1835–1909)[2] H. L. A. Hart (1907–1992)[1][2][3][4] David Hartley (1705–1757)[1][2][3][4][5] Eduard Von Hartmann (1842–1906)[1][2][3][4] Nicolai Hartmann (1882–1950)[1][2][3][4][5] Charles Hartshorne (1897–2000)[1][3][5] William Harvey (1578–1657)[2] Seiichi Hatano (1877–1950)[2] Hayashi Razan (1583–1657)[2] Friedrich Hayek (1899–1992)[3][4][5] William Hazlitt (1778–1830)[2] Christian Friedrich Hebbel (1813–1863)[2] G.W.F. Hegel (1770–1831)[1][2][3][4][5] Martin Heidegger (1889–1976)[1][2][3][4][5] Karl Heim (1874–1958)[2] Michael Heinrich (born 1957)[2] Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976)[2][3][4] Virginia Held (born 1929)[2] Ágnes Heller (1929–2019) Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894)[1][2][4][5] Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont (1614–1698)[4] Claude Adrien Helvétius (1715–1771)[1][2][3][4] Carl Gustav Hempel (1905–1997)[1][2][3][4][5] Frans Hemsterhuis (1721–1790)[2] Henricus Regius (1598–1679)[4][5] Henry of Ghent (c. 1217–1293)[1][2][3][4][5] Henry of Harclay (1270–1317)[2][4] Michel Henry (1922–2002)[5] Ronald William Hepburn (1927–2008)[3] Heraclides Ponticus (387–312 BC)[4] Heraclitus of Ephesus (c. 535–475 BC)[1][2][3][4][5] Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776–1841)[1][2][4][5] Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury (1583–1648)[2][4] Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803)[1][2][3][4][5] Abraham Cohen de Herrera (or Alonso Nunez de Herrera or Abraham Irira), (1562–1635)[4] John Herschel (1792–1871)[2] Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1857–1894)[2][4] Hervaeus Natalis (1250–1323)[2][4] Alexander Herzen (1812–1870)[1][2][3][4] Abraham Joshua Heschel (1907–1972)[4] Hesiod (c. 700 BC)[4] Moses Hess (1812–1875)[2][4] Boris M. Hessen (1893–1936) Sergei Iosifovich Hessen (1887–1950)[4] William of Heytesbury (or Hentisberus or Hentisberi or Tisberi), (1313–1373)[1][2][4][5] John Hick (1922–2012)[3] Laurens Perseus Hickok (1798–1888)[2] Hierocles the Stoic (2nd century)[4] David Hilbert (1862–1943)[1][2][3] Hildegard of Bingen (1098–1179)[2][4] Hillel ben Samuel of Verona (1220–1295)[4] Hermann Friedrich Wilhelm Hinrichs (1794–1861) Jaakko Hintikka (1929–2015)[1][2][3] Hipparchia of Maroneia (c. 350 BC – c. 280 BC) Hippias (5th century BC)[4] Hippocrates (460–380 BC)[1][2][3] Ho Chi Minh (1890–1969) Ho Yen (190–249)[1] Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679)[1][2][3][4][5] Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse (1864–1929)[2][3] William Ernest Hocking (1873–1966)[2][3] Shadworth Hodgson (1832–1912)[2][3] Harald Høffding (1843–1931)[2][3] Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld (1879–1918)[1][4] Baron d'Holbach (1723–1789)[1][2][3][5] Robert Holcot (1290–1349)[2][4][5] Friedrich Hölderlin (1770–1843)[1][2][4] John Holloway (sociologist) (born 1947) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (1841–1935)[4] Edwin Holt (1873–1946)[2] Henry Home, Lord Kames (1696–1782)[2][4] Homer (c. 700 BC)[2][4] Richard Hönigswald (1875–1947)[2] Sidney Hook (1902–1989)[3][5] Brad Hooker (born 1957) Richard Hooker (1554–1600)[2][4] Max Horkheimer (1895–1973)[1][2][4][5] Jennifer Hornsby (born 1951)[3] Paul Horwich (born 1947)[3] George Howison (1834–1916)[2] Hsi K'ang (223–262)[1] Hsiung Shih-li (1885–1968)[1] Hsu Fu-kuan (1903–1982)[1] Hsu Hsing (c. 300 BC)[1] Hu Hung (or Wu-Feng) (1100–1155)[1] Hu Shih (1891–1962)[1][2] Huai Nun Tzu (or Liu An) (179–122 BC)[1][4] Huang Zongxi (or Huang Tsung-hsi) (1610–1695)[1][2] Pierre Daniel Huet (1630–1721)[2][4] Friedrich von Hügel (1852–1925)[2] Hugh of St Victor (c. 1078–1141)[4] Hui Shi (4th century BC)[1][2] Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835)[1][2][3][4][5] David Hume (1711–1776)[1][2][3][4][5] Jan Hus (1369–1415)[2][4] Edmund Husserl (1859–1938)[1][2][3][4][5] Francis Hutcheson (1694–1746)[1][2][3][4] James Hutton (1726–1797) Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895)[2][4] Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695)[1] Hypatia of Alexandria (370–415)[1][2][4] Jean Hyppolite (1907–1968)[2] Contents List of philosophers (A–C) (D–H) (I–Q) (R–Z) Notes The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, (Second Edition). Cambridge University Press; 1999. ISBN 0-521-63722-8Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Second Edition). Martin Gale; 2006. ISBN 0-02-865780-2The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press; 1995. ISBN 0-19-866132-0Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge; 1998. ISBN 978-0-415-07310-3Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. October 2, 2020 References [1]http://openanthropology.org/libya/gaddafi-green-book.pdf [bare URL PDF] [2]"Sam Harris | Home of the Making Sense Podcast". Sam Harris. Retrieved 2022-04-06. [3]"Sam Harris - Author, Philosopher, and Podcast Host : Meaning of Life". Good Question. 2021-09-17. Retrieved 2022-04-06. Wikiwand - on Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.