List of people burned as heretics

This is a list of people burned after being deemed heretics by different Christian Churches. The list does not attempt to encompass the list of those executed by burning for other reasons (such as victims of witch hunts or other persecutions).

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

The Catholic Encyclopedia states that "with the formal recognition of the Church by the State and the increase of ecclesiastical penalties proportioned to the increase of ecclesiastical offences, came an appeal from the Church to the secular arm for aid in enforcing the said penalties, which aid was always willingly granted [...] deviations from the Catholic Faith, were by the State made punishable in civil law and secular penalties were attached to them."^[1] Canon 3 of the ecumenical Fourth Council of the Lateran, 1215 required secular authorities to "exterminate in the territories subject to their jurisdiction all heretics" pointed out by the Catholic Church,^[2] resulting in the inquisitor executing certain people accused of heresy. Some laws allowed the civil government to employ punishment.^[3]

Pre-Reformation Roman Catholic Europe

• Orléans heresy (1022) (burnt)

Burning of the Templars, 1314

Burning of William Sawtre, 1401

John Badby burned in a barrel, 1410

Burning of Jan Hus in Constance, 1415

Joan of Arc at the stake, 1431

Rogers' execution at Smithfield, 1555

Burning of John Hooper in Gloucester, 1555

Burning of Thomas Hawkes, 1555

• Ramihrdus of Cambrai^[4][5] (1076 or 1077) (burned)
• Peter of Bruys († 1130) (lynched)
• Gerard Segarelli († 1300)
• Fra Dolcino († 1307) (never tried by Catholic Church), Italy
• Marguerite Porete († 1310), Paris, France
• Botulf Botulfsson († 1311), the only known person executed for heresy in Sweden
• Jacques de Molay (1243–1314), burned after conviction by a tribunal under the control of King Philip IV of France, Paris, France
• Geoffroi de Charney († 1314), burned with Jacques de Molay above, Paris, France.
• Guilhèm Belibasta († 1321), last Cathar, Villerouge-Termenès, France
• Cecco d'Ascoli († 1327), Florence, Italy
• Na Prous Boneta († 1328)
• William Sawtre († 1401), Smithfield, London, England
• John Badby († 1410), Smithfield, London, England
• Jan Hus (1371–1415), Constance, Germany
• Jerome of Prague (1365–1416)
• William Taylor († 1423), Smithfield, London, England
• Joan of Arc (1412–1431), Trial of Joan of Arc, Rouen, France
• Thomas Bagley († 1431), Smithfield, London, England
• Pavel Kravař († 1433)
• Joan Boughton († 1494), Smithfield, London, England
• Girolamo Savonarola, Domenico da Pascia, and Silvestro Maruffi(† 1498), Florence, Italy (hanged and then burned)

Roman Catholic countries

• Ipswich Martyrs († 1515–1558)
• Jean Vallière († 1523), Paris, France
• Jan de Bakker († 1525), 1st martyr in the Northern Netherland
• Wendelmoet Claesdochter († 1527), 1st Dutch woman charged and burned for the accusation of heresy
• Michael Sattler († 1527), Rottenburg am Neckar, Germany
• Patrick Hamilton († 1528), St Andrews, Scotland
• Balthasar Hubmaier (1485–1528), Vienna, Austria
• George Blaurock (1491–1529), Klausen, Tyrol
• Thomas Hitton († 1530), Maidstone, England
• Richard Bayfield († 1531), Smithfield, England
• Thomas Benet († 1531), Exeter, England
• Thomas Bilney († 1531), Norwich, England
• Joan Bocher († 1531), Smithfield, England
• Solomon Molcho († 1532), Mantua
• Thomas Harding († 1532), Chesham, England
• James Bainham († 1532), Smithfield, England
• John Frith (1503–1533), Smithfield, England
• William Tyndale (1490–1536), Belgium
• Jakob Hutter († 1536), Innsbruck, Tyrol
• Aefgen Listincx († 1538), Münster, Germany
• John Forest († 1538), Smithfield, England
• Katarzyna Weiglowa († 1538), Poland
• Anneke Esaiasdochter († 1539), The Netherlands
• Francisco de San Roman († 1540), Spain
• Étienne Dolet (1509–1546), Paris, France
• Henry Filmer († 1543), Windsor, England
• Robert Testwood († 1543), Windsor, England
• Anthony Pearson († 1543), Windsor, England
• Maria van Beckum († 1544)
• Ursula van Beckum († 1544)
• Colchester Martyrs († 1545 to 1558), 26 people, Colchester, England
• George Wishart (1513–1546), St Andrews, Scotland
• John Hooper († 1555), Gloucester, England
• John Rogers († 1555), London, England
• Canterbury Martyrs († 1555–1558), c.40 people, Canterbury, England
• Laurence Saunders, (1519–1555), Coventry, England
• Rowland Taylor († 1555), Hadleigh, Suffolk, England
• Cornelius Bongey, († 1555), Coventry, England
• Dirick Carver, († 1555), Lewes, England
• Robert Ferrar († 1555), Carmarthen, Wales
• William Flower († 1555), Westminster, England
• Patrick Pakingham († 1555), Uxbridge, England
• Hugh Latimer (1485–1555), Oxford, England
• Robert Samuel († 1555), Ipswich, England

Burning of Latimer and Ridley, Oxford, 1555

• Nicholas Ridley (1500–1555), Oxford, England
• John Bradford († 1555), London, England
• John Cardmaker († 1555), Smithfield, London, England
• Robert Glover († 1555), Hertford, England
• Thomas Hawkes († 1555), Coggeshall, England
• Thomas Tomkins († 1555), Smithfield, London, England
• Thomas Cranmer (1489–1556), Oxford, England
• Stratford Martyrs († 1556), 11 men and 2 women, Stratford, London, England
• Guernsey Martyrs († 1556), 3 women, Guernsey, Channel Islands
• Joan Waste († 1556), Derby, England
• Bartlet Green († 1556), Smithfield, London, England
• John Hullier († 1556), Cambridge, England
• John Forman († 1556), East Grinstead, England
• Pomponio Algerio († 1556) Boiled in oil, Rome
• Alexander Gooch and Alice Driver († 1558), Ipswich, England

Contemporary illustration of the auto-da-fé of Valladolid, in which fourteen Protestants were burned at the stake for their faith, on May 21, 1559

• Augustino de Cazalla († 1559), Valladolid, Spain
• Carlos de Seso († 1559), Valladolid, Spain
• María de Bohórquez († 1559), Sevilla, Spain
• Pietro Carnesecchi († 1567) Florence, Italy
• Leonor de Cisneros († 1568), Valladolid, Spain
• Weyn Ockers († 1568), Netherlands
• Dirk Willems († 1569), Netherlands
• Anneke Ogiers († 1570), Netherlands
• Menocchio (1532–1599), Italy
• Giordano Bruno (1548–1600), Rome, Italy
• Fulgenzio Manfredi (1560 ca. - 1610) Rome, Italy
• Lucilio Vanini (Giulio Cesare Vanini) (1585–1619), Toulouse, France
• Caterina Tarongí († 1691)
• Kimpa Vita (1684–1706), Angola
• Maria Barbara Carillo (1625–1721), Madrid, Spain
• Gertrude Cordovana († 1724), Palermo, Italy^[6]
• Ana de Castro († 1736)
• Abraham ben Abraham († 1749), Vilna, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
• María de los Dolores López († 1781), Seville, Spain
• Gaietà Ripoll († 1826), Valencia, Spain

Protestant countries

Burning of Anne Askew and John Lascelles, 1546

• Robert Barnes († 1540), Smithfield, England
• Thomas Gerrard († 1540), Smithfield, England
• Anne Askew (1521–1546), Smithfield, England
• John Lascelles († 1546), Smithfield, England
• John Adams († 1546), Smithfield, England
• Joan Bocher († 1550), Smithfield, England
• George van Parris († 1551), Smithfield, England
• Matthew Hamont († 1579), Norwich, England
• Francis Kett († 1589), Norwich, England
• Bartholomew Legate (1575–1612), Smithfield, England
• Edward Wightman (1566–1612), relapsed heretic, Lichfield, England
• Michael Servetus (1511–1553), Geneva, Switzerland
• Stephen Cotton († 1558),^[7] Brentford, England
• Nicolas Antoine^[8] (1602–1632), Geneva, Switzerland

Eastern Orthodox countries

The "baptism by fire" of Old Believer leader Avvakum in 1682

• Basil the Physician († 1118), by Emperor Alexius I Comnenus; heresy
• Avvakum Petrovich (1620–1682), by Tsar Feodor III of Russia; combating the Starovery movement
• Quirinus Kuhlmann († 1689), by Tsar Ivan V of Russia; considered politically dangerous

See also

• List of people executed for witchcraft
• Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
• List of Catholic martyrs of the English Reformation

References

1. Catholic encyclopedia. "Jurisdiction". .newadvent.org. Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
2. Schroeder, H. J. "Medieval Sourcebook: Twelfth Ecumenical Council: Lateran IV 1215". Internet Medieval Source Book. Fordham University. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
3. Grolier encyclopedia, vol. 5, pp. 436-437
4. Moore, R.I. (1986). "New Sects and Secret Meetings: Association and Authority in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries". Studies in Church History. 23: 47–68. doi:10.1017/s0424208400010536. S2CID 163821096.
5. Perdios, Stelios Vasilis (2012). Peter the Hermit: Straddling the boundaries of lordship, millennialism, and heresy (Thesis). ProQuest 1022180558.^{[page needed]}
6. Fiume, Giovanna; Il santo moro: i processi di canonizzazione di Benedetto da Palermo (1594-1807), 2000.
7. Foxe, John (1831). Book of Martyrs: Or, A History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Triumphant Deaths, of the Primitive as Well as Protestant Martyrs : from the Commencement of Christianity, to the Latest Periods of Pagan and Popish Persecution ... A. B. Roff. p. 443 – via Internet Archive. stephen cotton.
8. Bloch, Isaac (1906). "Antoine, Nicolas". Jewish Encyclopedia. Kopelman Foundation. Retrieved 21 November 2018.

• Foxe, John (1855). M. Hobart Seymore (ed.). The Acts and Monuments of the Church. New York: Robert Carter and Brothers. Retrieved 27 February 2013.

External links

• Foxe's book of Martyrs Retrieved 27 February 2013