This article is a list of languages and dialects that have no native speakers, no spoken descendants, and that diverged from their parent language in Europe.
| This article is missing information about the extinction dates of some of the languages and dialects. (November 2023) |
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"Lament For Seamus 'Bhriain' Mac Amhlaigh". Glens Of Antrim Historical Society. 12 February 2006. Retrieved 13 June 2024. ... Séamus Bhriain Mac Amhlaigh, last native Irish speaker in the Glens of Antrim who died on the 25th February, 1983.
Hualde, Jose Ignatio. "Icelandic Basque pidgin". Retrieved 3 June 2024. ...translation of two manuscripts written in Iceland in the seventeenth century. Since the contact situation was interrupted in the first part of the eighteenth century and was of intermittent nature, the contact pidgin probably never developed much further than the stage recorded in the manuscripts.
"Romani - Gypsies". Crystalinks. Retrieved 12 May 2024. In Central Europe, the extermination in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was so thorough that the Bohemian Romani language became extinct.
Kusmenko, Jurij K. (January 2017). "Borgarmålet: A Sámi–Swedish pidgin from the beginning of the 18th century". NOWELE: North-Western European Language Evolution. 70 (1): 39–56. doi:10.1075/nowele.70.1.03kus. Ivantchik, A.I. (2001). The current state of the Cimmerian problem. The development of the Classical tradition on the subject of the Cimmerians after their disappearance from the historical arena, no later than the very end of the 7th or very beginning of the 6th century BC
Melnyk, Mykola (2022). Byzantium and the Pechenegs. István Varró, a member of the Jász-Cuman mission to the empress of Austria Maria Theresa and the known last speaker of the Cuman language, died in 1770.
Roegiest, Eugeen (2006). Vers les sources des langues romanes: un itinéraire linguistique à travers la Romania (in French). Acco. p. 138. ISBN 9033460947. "ROSS". Northern Times. 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2024. Rogby, Ove (1967). "Niederdeutsch auf friesischem Substrat". Studia Germanistica Upsaliensia (in German) (5): 19.
"francoveneto" (in Italian). Zanichelli DizionariPiù: La lingua, il sapere, la cultura. 27 October 2024. Retrieved 24 October 2024. Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006). Encyclopedia of European Peoples. p. 393. time period:Fourth to fifth century c.E.
Fol, Alexander (2002). Thrace and the Aegean: Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Thracology, Sofia - Yambol, 25–29 September, 2000. Vol. 1. International Foundation Europa Antiqua. p. 225. ISBN 9549071456. "Ladino's Lost Sibling". Medium. 10 July 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2024. It's estimated that it was still used until the beginning of the 19th century.
Nahon, Peter (2023). Les parlers français des israélites du Midi (in French). ELiPhi. pp. 177–179. ISBN 978-2372760669. "iso639-3/sjk". Retrieved 16 May 2024. Extinct now for over 100 years, few written examples of Kemi Sami survive.
"Who are the Lutsis". Ludzīlazest. Retrieved 8 August 2024. ...the last speaker of Kraasna most likely died before World War II.
Eylon, Lili (25 June 2022). "The Judenrein town that spoke Hebrew". Times Of Israel. Indeed, by 1994, reportedly only 12 people used some 200 Lachoudish words. The dialect Lachoudish had its day; it is now extinct
Smith, Norval (1994). "An annotated list of creoles, pidgins, and mixed languages". In Arends, Jacque; Muysken, Pieter; Smith, Norval (eds.). Pidgins and Creoles: An Introduction. John Benjamins.
"Linguistica Uralica, 2010. Quantity in Leivu" (PDF). kirj.ee. Retrieved 27 July 2024. The speaker Anton Bok was born in 1908. He lived in Pajuçsilla village. He was recorded in 1971 by Paulopriit Voolaine. His mother tongue was Leivu and he acquired Latvian at school. He has been called the last Leivu speaker; he died in 1988.
Scheu, Frederick (1964). The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society.
Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006). Encyclopedia of European Peoples. p. 521. time period:Ninth to 16th century c.E.
Århammar, Nils (October–December 2007). Munske, Horst Haider (ed.). "Das Nordfriesische, eine bedrohte Minderheitensprache in zehn Dialekten: eine Bestandsaufnahme". Sterben die Dialekte aus? Vorträge am Interdisziplinären Zentrum für Dialektforschung an der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (in German). University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. Blokland, Rogier (2003). The Endangered Uralic Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 108. ISBN 9027247528. "iso639-3/nrc". Retrieved 27 February 2024. An ancient language, spoken in the Balkans from the 4th century BC - ca. 100 AD.
North-western European language evolution: NOWELE, vols. 50–51 (Odense University Press, 2007), p. 240
The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language (David Crystal, editor); Cambridge University Press, 1987; p. 303: "The Isle of Man was wholly Manx-speaking until the 18th century... the last mother-tongue speakers died in the late 1940s"
Matteo Calabrese (2021). "The sacred law from Tortora". Academia.edu. pp. 281–339. Retrieved 10 October 2024. Datable between the end of the 6th and the beginning of the 5th century B.C., the inscription from Tortora is an Oenotrian text,
Alexandru Magdearu (2001). Centrul de Studii Transilvane, Bibliotheca Rerum Transsylvaniae (ed.). Românii în opera Notarului Anonim (in Romanian). Vol. 27.
Swain, Simon; Adams, J. Maxwell; Janse, Mark (2002). Bilingualism in Ancient Society: Language Contact and the Written Word. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. p. 252. ISBN 0-19-924506-1. The last mention of Phrygian in use dates from the fifth century AD.
"Script". Thesaurus Inscriptionum Raeticarum. Retrieved 4 June 2024. Magrè-alphabet finds dated to the middle and/or late La Tène period, apart from the above-mentioned ones from the area of Verona, are the Magrè antler pieces, the inscriptions from Bostel, IT-2 from the Inntal, and the Trissino bones. IT-4 is dated by context and may be older than the 1st century BC.
Bakker, P. & Nielsen, F.S., 2011. Goddeis genter! Mål & mæle, 34(1), pp.13–18.
"Sabine". LINGUIST List. Archived from the original on 17 April 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2024. Mid-first millennium BC, perhaps surviving as late as the 3rd or 2nd century BC.
The Lingua Franca. Natalie Operstein. 2021.
Hennings, Thordis (2012). Einführung in das Mittelhochdeutsche [Introduction to Middle High German] (in German) (3 ed.). Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 26. ISBN 978-3-11-025959-9. "Vermlannin savolaismurteet". sokl.uef.fi (in Finnish). 1998. Retrieved 4 November 2024. Today, Vermland's Savo dialect is dead. The last forest Finns who spoke Finnish well were Johannes Johansson-Oinoinen aka Niittahon Jussi and Karl Persson. They died in 1965 and 1969.
"iso639-3/rmw". Retrieved 25 June 2024. Welsh Romani is a variety of the Romani language which was spoken fluently in Wales until at least 1950.
Hickey, Raymond (2023). "3.6.2 The Dialect of Forth and Bargy". The Oxford Handbook of Irish English. Oxford University Press. p. 48. After a period of decline, it was replaced entirely in the early nineteenth century by general Irish English of the region.
Young, Steven (2008). "Baltic". In Kapović, Mate (ed.). The Indo-European Languages. London: Routledge. pp. 486–518. ISBN 978-03-6786-902-1.
