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List of countries by intentional homicide rate

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List of countries by intentional homicide rate

The list of countries by homicide rate is derived from United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) data, and is expressed in number of deaths per 100,000 population per year. For example, a homicide rate of 30 out of 100,000 is presented in the table as "30", and corresponds to 0.03% of the population dying by homicide.[2][3][4] The reliability of underlying national murder rate data may vary.[5][6] Only UNODC-vetted data is used in the main table to maintain consistency.[2] In some cases, it may not be as up to date as other sources.

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The countries with the most homicides per unit population are generally countries with small populations (very narrow rectangles in chart, 2021).[1]

Homicide rates may be under-reported for political reasons.[7][8][page needed]

A study undertaken by the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development estimated that there were approximately 490,000 intentional homicides globally in 2004, for a rate of 7.6 per 100,000.[9] UNODC calculated a global estimated rate of 6.9 per 100,000 in 2010;[10] 6.2 per 100,000 in 2012;[11][12] 6.1 per 100,000 in 2017; and a rate of 5.61 per 100,000 for 2022.[5][13]

Definition

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Perspective
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The class of violent deaths documented in this article is intentional killing of others outside of war. Deaths occurring during situations of civil unrest are a grey area.
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Map of countries by their intentional homicide rate per 100,000 people. Source (labeled on map): United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.[14]

Intentional homicide is defined by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in its Global Study on Homicide report[15] thus:

Within the broad range of violent deaths, the core element of intentional homicide is the complete liability of the direct perpetrator, which thus excludes killings directly related to war or conflicts, self-inflicted death (suicide), killings due to legal interventions or justifiable killings (such as self-defence), and those deaths caused when the perpetrator was reckless or negligent but did not intend to take a human life (non-intentional homicide).

Though some discrepancies exist in how specific categories of intentional killings are classified, the definitions used by countries to record data are generally close to the UNODC definition, making the homicide rates highly comparable at the international level.[16] UNODC uses the homicide rate as a proxy for overall violence, as this type of crime is one of the most accurately reported and internationally comparable indicators.[5]

Figures from the Global Study on Homicide are based on the UNODC Homicide Statistics dataset, which is derived from the criminal justice or public health systems of a variety of countries and territories.[5] The homicide rates derived from criminal justice data (typically recorded by police authorities) and the public health system data (recorded when the cause of death is established) may diverge substantially for some countries.[17] The two sources usually match in the Americas, Europe and Oceania, but there are large discrepancies for the three African countries reporting both sources.[18] For the 70 countries in which neither source was made available, figures were derived from WHO statistical models.[17]

Deaths resulting from an armed conflict between states are never included in the count.[19] Killings caused by a non-international armed conflict may or may not be included, depending on the intensity of hostilities and whether it is classified as 'civil unrest' or a clash between organized armed groups.[19]

UNODC's global study

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United Nations geoscheme with region names in the UNODC data source used in table here

All data in this section comes from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) website.[2][13]

By region

More information Region, Overall Rate ...
UNODC 2023 murder counts and rates (per 100,000). Gender is for the victim.[13]
Region Overall
Rate		 Rate.
Female		 Rate.
Male		 Counts
Africa 10.57 3.97 17.19 156,503
Americas 14.37 3.40 25.52 149,654
Asia 2.04 1.40 2.66 97,495
Europe 2.10 1.13 3.14 15,643
Oceania 2.94 1.92 3.97 1,342
World 5.19 2.11 8.25 420,638
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Rates vary widely within regions. See info on secondary sorting within regions and subregions below.

By country, region, or dependent territory

The regions and subregions in the table are based on the United Nations geoscheme since the table sources are United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) reports. The U.N. recognizes that variability in the quality and integrity of data provided by certain countries may minimize country murder rates.[20][3] Go to the more detailed country info in the references, and the country links in the table for more info.

Table has a total yearly count of homicides for each country. Rates are calculated per 100,000 inhabitants. Rates are to the 3rd decimal place in order to separate countries with low homicide rates.

  • Note: When the regions or subregions are sorted the countries are also alphabetically sorted within those regions or subregions. Then shift-click rate or count column heads to secondarily sort countries by rates or counts within the regions or subregions previously sorted.
  • Note: Table last fully updated from data retrieved 24 November 2024 from UNODC. Individual countries updated since then.[2]
  • Note: Only UNODC-vetted data is used in the table.
  • Asterisk (*) in Location column indicates a Crime in LOCATION article.
More information Location, Rate ...
Intentional homicide counts, and rates per 100,000 inhabitants.[2][3][4]
Location Rate Count Year Region Subregion
 Afghanistan *4.0221,6132021AsiaSouthern Asia
 Albania *1.387392023EuropeSouthern Europe
 Algeria1.1615362023AfricaNorthern Africa
 American Samoa002019OceaniaPolynesia
 Andorra2.57422020EuropeSouthern Europe
 Angola4.1021,1962016AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Anguilla28.32842014AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Antigua and Barbuda *10.665102022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Argentina *4.3091,9612022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Armenia *2.186612021AsiaWestern Asia
 Aruba1.93122014AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Australia *0.8542262023OceaniaAustralia and New Zealand
 Austria *0.876802023EuropeWestern Europe
 Azerbaijan *2.3652452022AsiaWestern Asia
 Bahamas31.2211282022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Bahrain *0.20432022AsiaWestern Asia
 Bangladesh *2.3403,8302018AsiaSouthern Asia
 Barbados15.268432022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Belarus2.3262252019EuropeEastern Europe
 Belgium *1.0771252021EuropeWestern Europe
 Belize *27.8821132022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Bermuda6.18342023AmericasNorthern America
 Bhutan *2.460192020AsiaSouthern Asia
 Bolivia *4.3695352023AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Bosnia and Herzegovina1.224392023EuropeSouthern Europe
 Botswana10.5472732021AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Brazil *20.60644,3672022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 British Virgin Islands8.22322006AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Brunei0.48622013AsiaSouth-eastern Asia
 Bulgaria *1.088742023EuropeEastern Europe
 Burundi5.8246352016AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Cape Verde *6.179362020AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Cambodia *1.8392682011AsiaSouth-eastern Asia
 Cameroon4.5371,2022020AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Canada *2.2738742022AmericasNorthern America
 Cayman Islands4.45732020AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Chile *6.7441,3222022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 China *0.5027,1572020AsiaEastern Asia
 Colombia *25.26913,1082022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Cook Islands3.49012012OceaniaPolynesia
 Costa Rica *17.7459062023AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Croatia0.769312022EuropeSouthern Europe
 Cuba *4.4185002019AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Curaçao17.092262007AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Cyprus *0.817112023AsiaWestern Asia
 Czech Republic *0.768832023EuropeEastern Europe
 Denmark *0.986582022EuropeNorthern Europe
 Dominica26.121192022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Dominican Republic *12.3701,3892022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Timor-Leste4.064492015AsiaSouth-eastern Asia
 Ecuador *45.7238,2212023AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Egypt *1.3361,3602017AfricaNorthern Africa
 El Salvador *7.8284962022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Eritrea14.5734742012AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Estonia *1.536212023EuropeNorthern Europe
 Eswatini12.6651512021AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Ethiopia *8.6328,1532012AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Fiji2.173202020OceaniaMelanesia
 Finland *0.982552023EuropeNorthern Europe
 France *1.3358872023EuropeWestern Europe
 French Guiana13.300392020AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 French Polynesia0.35412009OceaniaPolynesia
 Georgia2.042772019AsiaWestern Asia
 Germany *0.8236862022EuropeWestern Europe
 Ghana *1.8136072022AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Gibraltar *3.19912010EuropeSouthern Europe
 Greece *0.840862023EuropeSouthern Europe
 Greenland *5.36532016AmericasNorthern America
 Grenada6.37882022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Guadeloupe *5.781232016AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Guam4.15172019OceaniaMicronesia
 Guatemala *19.9903,5202021AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Guinea-Bissau1.117212017AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Guyana *16.1981312022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Haiti *41.1524,7892023AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Holy See *002023EuropeSouthern Europe
 Honduras *31.4423,3472023AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Hong Kong *0.401302022AsiaEastern Asia
 Hungary *0.774752023EuropeEastern Europe
 Iceland1.07342022EuropeNorthern Europe
 India *2.83240,1302022AsiaSouthern Asia
 Indonesia *0.3078472022AsiaSouth-eastern Asia
 Iran *2.4211,9362014AsiaSouthern Asia
 Iraq9.4103,3392013AsiaWestern Asia
 Iraq (Central Iraq)15.3975,4592021AsiaWestern Asia
 Iraq (Kurdistan Region)2.2461112013AsiaWestern Asia
 Ireland0.654342023EuropeNorthern Europe
 Isle of Man002016EuropeNorthern Europe
 Israel *1.6261472022AsiaWestern Asia
 Italy *0.5453222022EuropeSouthern Europe
 Jamaica *49.2991,4002023AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Japan *0.2332892022AsiaEastern Asia
 Jordan *0.9881132023AsiaWestern Asia
 Kazakhstan *2.6345112022AsiaCentral Asia
 Kenya *4.8922,6432022AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Kiribati7.16782012OceaniaMicronesia
 Kosovo *1.986332021EuropeSouthern Europe
 Kuwait *0.252112020AsiaWestern Asia
 Latvia *2.497472023EuropeNorthern Europe
 Lebanon2.2601282020AsiaWestern Asia
 Lesotho *37.6947522008AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Liberia *3.1171352012AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Liechtenstein5.12322021EuropeWestern Europe
 Lithuania2.628752023EuropeNorthern Europe
 Luxembourg1.544102022EuropeWestern Europe
 Macau *0.56842023AsiaEastern Asia
 Malawi *1.7912792012AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Malaysia *0.7242432021AsiaSouth-eastern Asia
 Maldives *0.59532019AsiaSouthern Asia
 Malta0.56332023EuropeSouthern Europe
 Marshall Islands4.01321994OceaniaMicronesia
 Martinique2.790112009AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Mauritania *1.023462020AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Mauritius *2.232292022AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Mayotte5.816122009AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Mexico *24.85932,2522023AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Micronesia0.89812019OceaniaMicronesia
 Monaco002008EuropeWestern Europe
 Mongolia5.9152032023AsiaEastern Asia
 Montenegro *0.78952023EuropeSouthern Europe
 Montserrat002018AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Morocco1.7056432023AfricaNorthern Africa
 Mozambique3.5738492011AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Myanmar *3.8722,0982022AsiaSouth-eastern Asia
 Namibia *12.4503152021AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Nepal *2.1026172020AsiaSouthern Asia
 Netherlands0.6911252023EuropeWestern Europe
 New Caledonia3.11382009OceaniaMelanesia
 New Zealand *1.111572021OceaniaAustralia and New Zealand
 Nicaragua11.0067542021AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Niger4.3897882012AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Nigeria *21.74144,2002019AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 North Macedonia1.529282023EuropeSouthern Europe
 Northern Ireland1.413272022EuropeNorthern Europe
 Norway *0.725402023EuropeNorthern Europe
 Oman *0.13972023AsiaWestern Asia
 Pakistan *4.33510,7292023AsiaSouthern Asia
 Palau11.19522018OceaniaMicronesia
 Palestine *1.410742022AsiaWestern Asia
 Panama *11.3194992022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Papua New Guinea *9.4027132010OceaniaMelanesia
 Paraguay *6.9614722022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Peru *8.4622,8532021AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Philippines *4.3164,7642019AsiaSouth-eastern Asia
 Poland *0.8023112023EuropeEastern Europe
 Portugal *0.797822021EuropeSouthern Europe
 Puerto Rico *14.3124642023AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Qatar *0.07422022AsiaWestern Asia
 South Korea *0.5312752022AsiaEastern Asia
 Moldova *2.543782023EuropeEastern Europe
 Réunion1.699152009AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Romania *1.1092122023EuropeEastern Europe
 Russia *6.7999,8662021EuropeEastern Europe
 Rwanda3.5904722020AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Saint Helena002009AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Saint Kitts and Nevis *23.081112022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Saint Lucia *36.696662022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Saint Martin28.727102016AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon16.51812009AmericasNorthern America
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines40.405422022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Samoa6.199132018OceaniaPolynesia
 San Marino002011EuropeSouthern Europe
 São Tomé and Príncipe3.22562011AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Saudi Arabia *0.7952852019AsiaWestern Asia
 Scotland0.967532021EuropeNorthern Europe
 Serbia *1.314892023EuropeSouthern Europe
 Seychelles9.335102022AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Sierra Leone2.1371762020AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Singapore *0.06942023AsiaSouth-eastern Asia
 Slovakia *1.124622023EuropeEastern Europe
 Slovenia *0.566122023EuropeSouthern Europe
 Solomon Islands3.682192008OceaniaMelanesia
 South Africa *45.53427,2722022AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 South Sudan14.0541,5042012AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Spain *0.6913312023EuropeSouthern Europe
 Sri Lanka *3.4277422019AsiaSouthern Asia
 Suriname *7.281452022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Sweden *1.1471212023EuropeNorthern Europe
 Switzerland *0.597532023EuropeWestern Europe
 Syria2.0734632010AsiaWestern Asia
 Tajikistan0.912872020AsiaCentral Asia
 Tanzania3.7052,2862020AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Thailand *4.8133,3072011AsiaSouth-eastern Asia
 Tonga *0.95312019OceaniaPolynesia
 Trinidad and Tobago *39.5166052022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Tunisia4.6215622020AfricaNorthern Africa
 Turkey *3.2282,8172023AsiaWestern Asia
 Turkmenistan1.093632015AsiaCentral Asia
 Turks and Caicos Islands76.582352022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Tuvalu *002019OceaniaPolynesia
 Uganda8.7684,1432022AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Ukraine *3.8431,6732021EuropeEastern Europe
 United Arab Emirates *0.752712022AsiaWestern Asia
 United Kingdom *. England and Wales1.1486842021EuropeNorthern Europe
 United States *5.76319,7962023AmericasNorthern America
 U.S. Virgin Islands49.631522012AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Uruguay11.1903832022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Uzbekistan1.4054792021AsiaCentral Asia
 Vanuatu0.32112020OceaniaMelanesia
 Venezuela *12.6073,5682022AmericasLatin America and the Caribbean
 Vietnam *1.5371,3582011AsiaSouth-eastern Asia
 Yemen *6.3111,7032013AsiaWestern Asia
 Zambia *5.2508532015AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
 Zimbabwe *0.514842023AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
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Other multi-country studies

A 2024 study by InSight Crime revealed that the Turks and Caicos Islands had the highest homicide rate in Latin America and the Caribbean. Haiti ranked second, followed by St. Kitts and Nevis in third place.[21]

See also

References

Sources

Further reading

External links

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