List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities

The following is a list of adjectival forms of cities in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these cities.

Demonyms ending in -ese are the same in the singular and plural forms.

The ending -man has feminine equivalent -woman (e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman). The French terminations -ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine; adding 'e' (-oise / aise) makes them singular feminine; 'es' (-oises / aises) makes them plural feminine. The Spanish termination "-o" usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by dropping the "-o" and adding "-a". The plural forms are usually "-os" and "-as", respectively.

Adjectives ending -ish can be used as collective demonyms (e.g. the English, the Cornish). So can those ending in -ch / -tch (e.g. the French, the Dutch) provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' /tʃ/ sound (e.g. the adjective Czech does not qualify as its -ch is pronounced /k/).

Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the language or dialect of the same name.

Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms also refer to various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words. Additionally, sometimes the use of one or more additional words is optional. Notable examples are cheeses, cat breeds, dog breeds, and horse breeds.

Note: Many of these adjectivals and demonyms are not used in English as frequently as their counterparts in other languages. A common practice is to use a city's name as if it were an adjective, as in "Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra", "Melbourne suburbs", etc.

Table

City	Adjective	Demonym
Aalborg	Aalborgenser	Aalborgenser
Aarhus	Aarhusian	Aarhusian
Aberdeen	Aberdonian	Aberdonian
Abidjan	Abidjanais	Abidjanais
Accra	Accran	Accran
Adana	Adanite	Adanite
Adelaide	Adelaidean	Adelaidean
Addis Ababa	Addis Ababian	Addis Ababian
Ahmedabad	Amdavadi	Amdavadi
Aguascalientes	Hidrocálido	Hidrocálido
Agde	Agathois	Agathois
Aix-en-Provence	Aixois	Aixois
Albany	Albanian	Albanian
Albuquerque	Albuquerquean	Albuquerquean, Burqueño
Aleppo	Aleppine	Aleppine
Alexandria	Alexandrian	Alexandrine
Algiers	Algérois	Algérois
Almería	Almerian, Almeriense, Urcitano	Almerian, Almeriense, Urcitano
Alpine [which?]	Alpinian	Alpinian
Amalfi	Amalfitan	Amalfitan
Amman	Ammani	Ammani
Ammon	Ammonite	Ammonite
Amparo	Amparense	Amparense
Amsterdam	Amsterdammer	Amsterdammer
Anchorage	Anchorageite	Anchorageite
Andong	Andong, Andongite	Andongite
Ankara	Ankarite	Ankarite
Angeles	Angelino	Angelino
Angers	Anjou	Angevin
Annapolis, Maryland	Annapolitan	Annapolitan
Antakya	Antakyan, Antiochian	Antakyan, Antiochian
Antalya	Antalyan	Antalyan
Antipolo	Antipoleño	Antipoleño
Aosta	Aostan, Aostain	Aostan, Aostain
Aqaba	Aqabawi	Aqabawi
Arequipa	Arequipeño (m), Arequipeña (f)	Arequipeño (m), Arequipeña (f)
Arlington	Arlingtonian	Arlingtonian
Armagh	Armachian	Armachian
Armidale	Armidilian	Armidilian
Ashdod	Ashdodi	Ashdodi
Asheville	Ashevillain	Ashevillain
Ashkelon	Ashkelonian	Ashkelonian
Asmara	Asmaran	Asmaran
Asunción	Asunceno	Asunceno
Athens	Athenian, Attic[a]	Athenian
Atlanta	Atlantan	Atlantan
Auckland	Auckland	Aucklander, Jafa
Austin	Austonian	Austinite
Aydın	Aydinian	Aydinian
Bacolod	Bacolodnon	Bacolodnon
Bakersfield	Bakersfieldian	Bakersfieldian, Baker
Baku	Bakuvian	Bakuvian
Balıkesir	Balikesirian	Balikesirian
Baltimore	Baltimorean, Baltimorese	Baltimorean, Baltimorese
Bandung	Bandungite	Bandungite
Bangalore	Bangalorean	Bangalorean
Bangkok	Bangkokian	Bangkokian
Barcelona	Barcelonian	Barcelonian
Barisal	Barisali	Barisali, Borishali, Barisailla, Borishailla
Basel	Basler	Basler, Bebbi
Bath	Bathonian	Bathonian
Baton Rouge	Baton Rougean	Baton Rougean
Bedford	Bedfordian (not Bedfordite)	Bedfordian
Beersheba	Beersheban	Beersheban
Beijing	Beijingese	Beijinger
Beirut	Beiruti	Beiruti
Belém	Belenense	Belenense
Belfast	Belfast, Belfastian	Belfastie, Belfaster, Belfastian, Belfastite
Belford Roxo	Belforroxense
Belo Horizonte	Belo-Horizontino	Belo-Horizontino
Belgrade	Belgradian	Belgradian, Belgrader
Bellinzona	Bellinzonese
Benevento	Beneventan	Beneventan
Bengeo	Bengean	Bengean
Bergamo	Bergamasque	Bergamasque
Bergen	Bergener	Bergenese
Berlin	Berliner, Berlinese	Berliner
Bern	Bernese	Bernese
Béziers	Bitterois	Bitterois
Bhopal	Bhopali	Bhopali
Birmingham	Brummie	Brummie
Birmingham, Alabama	Birminghamian	Birminghamian, Birminghamster, Ham'r
Blackburn	Blackburnian	Blackburnian
Blois		Blesois
Bnei Brak	Bnei Brakian	Bnei Brakian
Bodrum	Bodrumian	Bodrumite
Boise	Boisean	Boisean
Bologna	Bolognese	Bolognese
Bogotá	Bogotano (m), Bogotana (f)	Bogotano (m), Bogotana (f), Rolo (m), Rola (f)
Bolgatanga	Guruŋa	Guruŋa
Bolton	Boltonian	Boltonian
Bordeaux	Bordelais	Bordelais
Bossangoa	Bossangoan	Bossangoan
Boston	Bostonian	Bostonian, Bostonite, Bostoner, Hubbite
Bradford	Bradfordian	Bradfordian
Brasília	Brasiliense	Brasiliense
Bratislava	Bratislavan	Bratislavan
Bremen	Bremer	Bremer
Brescia	Brescian	Brescian
Brighton	Brightonian	Brightonian
Brisbane	Brisbanian	Brisbanite, Brisbanian, Brisvegan (slang), Briswegian (slang)
Bristol	Bristolian	Bristolian
Brooklyn	Brooklynite	Brooklynite
Brussels	Brusseler[1]	Brusseler
Bucaramanga	Bumangués (m), Bumanguésa (f), Santandereano (m), Santandereana (f)	Bumangués (m), Bumanguésa (f), Santandereano (m), Santandereana (f)
Bucharest	Bucharestian	Bucharester
Budapest	Budapestian	Budapester, Budapestian
Buenos Aires	Porteño	Porteño
Buffalo	Buffalonian	Buffalonian
Burlington	Burlingtonian	Burlingtonian
Bursa	Bursanese	Bursanese
Busan	Busan, Busanian	Busanian
Cádiz	Gaditano,	Gaditano
Calais	Calais	Calaisiens
Cagayan de Oro	Cagayanon	Cagayanon
Cairns	Cairnsite	Cairnsite
Cairo	Cairene	Cairene
Calgary	Calgarian	Calgarian
Cali	Caleño	Caleño
Cambridge	Cantabrigian [b]	Cantabrigian [b]
Cambridge, Massachusetts	Cantabrigian	Cantabrigian
Campinas	Campineiro	Campineiro
Campo Grande	Campo-grandense	campo-grandense
Canberra	Canberran	Canberran
Cape Town	Capetonian	Capetonian, Kapenaar
Caracas	Caraquenian	Caraqueño (m), Caraqueña (f)
Cardiff	Cardiffian	Cardiffian
Carlisle	Carlislian	Carlislian
Carson City	Carsonite	Carsonite
Cartagena	Cartagenero (m), Cartagenera (f)	Cartagenero (m), Cartagenera (f)
Carystus	Carystian	Christian
Casper	Casperite	Casperite
Castlecrag	Castlecragian	Cragman
Cebu	Cebuano	Cebuano
Changwon	Changwon, Changwonian	Changwonian
Charleston (South Carolina)	Charlestonian	Charlestonian
Charleston (West Virginia)	Charlestonian	Charlestonian
Charlotte	Charlottean	Charlottean
Chelmsford	Chelmsfordian	Chelmsfordian
Cheltenham	Cheltonian	Cheltonian
Chennai	Chennaite	Chennaite
Chester	Cestrian	Cestrian
Chesterfield	Cestrefeldian	Cestrefeldian
Cheyenne	Cheyenneite	Cheyenneite
Chiasso	Chiassese
Chicago	Chicagoan	Chicagoan
Chichester	Cicestrian	Cicestrian
Chilliwack	Chilliwackian	Chilliwackian, Chilliwacker, Chilliwhacko
Chittagong	Chittagonian	Chittagonian, Chottogrami, Chatigaiya, Sitainga, Chittagainga
Christchurch	Cantabrian	Cantabrian
Cincinnati	Cincinnatian	Cincinnatian
Cleveland	Clevelander	Clevelander
Coimbatore	Coimbatoreian	Coimbatoreian
Colchester	Colchester	Colcestrian
Columbus	Columbusite	Columbusite
Copenhagen	Copenhagener	Copenhagener
Córdoba	Cordobés, Cordobense	Cordobés
Corinth	Corinthian	Corinthian
Cork	Cork	Corkonian, Leesider
Coventry	Coventrian	Coventrian
Culiacán	Culichi	Culiacanense
Cusco	Cusco	Cusqueño (m), Cusqueña (f), Cuzqueño (m), Cuzqueña (f)
Curitiba	Curitibano	Curitibano
Daegu	Daegu, Daeguite	Daeguite
Dalaman	Dalamanian	Dalamanian
Dallas	Dallasite	Dallasite
Da Lat	Dalatese	Dalatese
Dakar	Dakarois	Dakarois
Damascus	Damascene	Damascene
Darwin	Darwinian[c]	Darwinian[c]
Davao	Davaoeño	Davaoeño (masc.) Davaoeña (fem.)
Delhi	Delhiite	Delhiite
Denizli	Denizlian	Denizlian
Denver	Denverite	Denverite
Derry	Derry	Derrian
Detroit	Detroiter	Detroiter
Devonport	Devonportian	Devonportian
Dhaka	Dhakai	Dhakai, Dhakaiya, Dhakaite
Diyarbakır	Diyarbakirian	Diyarbakirian
Dresden	Dresdener	Dresdener
Dublin	Dublin	Dubliner, Dub
Dubai	Dubaite	Dubaite
Duluth	Duluthian	Duluthian
Dundee	Dundonian	Dundonian
Dunedin	Dunedin	Dunedinite
Durango	Durangoan	Duranguense, Durangoan
Durban	Durban	Durbanite
East Troy	East Trojan	East Trojan
Edinburgh	Edinburgensian[d][2]	Embran, Edinburger[e][3]
Edmonton	Edmontonian	Edmontonian
Eilat	Eilatian	Eilatian
El Paso	El Pasoan	El Pasoan
Épalinges	Palinsard	Palinsard
Epidaurus	Epidaurian	Epidaurian
Erzurum	Erzurumian	Erzurumian
Eskişehir	Eskishehirian	Eskishehirian
Eugene	Eugenean, Eugenian	Eugenean, Eugenian
Everett	Everettite	Everettite
Exeter	Exonian	Exonian
Famagusta	Salaminioti	Salaminioti
Fargo	Fargoan	Fargoan
Ferrara	Ferrarese	Ferrarese
Fethiye	Fethiyennese	Fethiyennese
Filettino	Filettinesi	Filettinesi
Finchley	Finchleian	Finchleian
Florence	Florentine	Florentine
Fort Lauderdale		Fort Lauderdaler, Fort Lauderdalian
Fort Wayne		Fort Wayner
Fort Worth		Fort Worthian, Fort Worther
Foz do Iguaçu	Iguaçuense	Iguaçuense
Frankfurt	Frankfurter	Frankfurter
Fredericton	Frederictonian	Frederictonian
Fresno	Fresnan	Fresnan, Fresnoan, Fresnian
Galway	Galway	Galwegian
Gaza	Gazan	Gazan
Gaziantep	Antepian	Antepian
Gibraltar	Gibraltarian
Geelong	Geelong	Geelongite, Pivotonian
Geneva	Genevan, Genevese, Genfer	Genevan, Genevese, Genfer
Genoa	Genoese	Genoese
Geoje	Geoje	Geojeite
Germiston	Germistonian	Germistonian
Ghent	Ghentian	Ghentian
Glasgow	Glaswegian	Glaswegian, Weegie[4]
Godalming	Godhelmian	Godhelmian, Godalminger
Gold Coast	Gold Coast	Gold Coaster
Gosford	Gosford	Gosfordian
Gothenburg	Gothenburger	Gothenburger
Granada	Granadino, Granadí, Iliberitano	Granadino, Iliberitano
Grand Rapids	Grand Rapidian	Grand Rapidian
Graz	Grazer	Grazer
Grenoble	Grenoblois	Grenoblois
Guadalajara	Tapatío	Tapatío
Guangzhou (Canton)	Cantonese	Cantonese
Guayaquil	Guayaquilean	Guayaquilean
Guelph	Guelphite	Guelphite[5]
Gumi	Gumi, Gumite	Gumite
Gwangju	Gwangju, Gwangjuite	Gwangjuite
Gyeongju	Gyeongju, Gyeongjuite	Gyeongjuite
The Hague	Haguer	Haguer
Haifa	Haifan	Haifan
Halifax	Haligonian	Haligonian
Hamburg	Hamburgian	Hamburger
Hamilton (Canada)	Hamiltonian	Hamiltonian
Hamilton (New Zealand)	Hamiltonian	Hamiltonian
Hanoi	Hanoian	Hanoian
Hanover	Hanoverian	Hanoverian
Harare	Hararean	Hararean
Harbin	Harbinite	Harbinite
Harrisburg	Harrisburger	Harrisburger
Hartlepool	Hartlepudlian	Hartlepudlian, Monkey hanger
Hastings	Hastingite	Hastingite
Hastings	Hastinger	Hastinger
Hatay	Hatayan (see also, Antakya)	Hatayan (see also, Antakya)
Havana	Havanan; Habanero (m), Habanera (f)	Havanan; Habanero (m), Habanera (f)
Helsinki	Helsinkian	Helsinkian
Ho Chi Minh City	Saigonese	Saigoner
Hobart	Hobartian	Hobartian
Holon	Holonian	Holonian
Hong Kong	Hong Kong, Hongkongish, Hongkongese	Hongkonger, Hongkongish, Honger, Hongkongese, Honkey
Honolulu	Honolulan	Honolulan
Houston	Houstonian	Houstonian, Houstonite
Huelva	Onubense, Huelveño	Onubense, Huelveño
Hyderabad	Hyderabadi	Hyderabadi
Iloilo	Ilonggo	Ilonggo
Incheon	Incheon, Incheoner	Incheoner
Indianapolis	Hoosier	Hoosier, Indianapolitan
Invercargill	Invercargill	Invercargillite, Invercargillonian
Inverness	Invernessian	Invernessian
Ipoh	Ipohan, Ipohian, Ipohite	Ipohan, Ipohian, Ipohite
Iqaluit		Iqalummiuq, Iqalummiut
Iriga	Irigueño	Irigueño
Islamabad	Islamabadi	Islamabadian
Itabira	Itabirano (m), Itabirana (f)	Itabirano (m), Itabirana (f)
Itapira	Itapirense	Itapirense
Istanbul	Istanbulite	Istanbulite
Ithaca, New York	Ithacan	Ithacan
Izmir	Izmirite, Izmirian	Izmirite, Izmirian
Izmit	Izmitite	Izmitite
Jacksonville	Jacksonvillian, Jaxon	Jacksonvillian, Jaxon[6]
Jaén	Jienense, Jaenés, Aurgitano	Jienense, Aurgitano
Jakarta	Jakartan	Jakartanais, Jakartan
Jeonju	Jeonju, Jeonjuite	Jeonjuite
Jerusalem	Jerusalemite, Yerushalmi	Jerusalemite, Yerushalmi
Johannesburg	Johannesburg	Johannesburger, Joburger
Joshua, Texas	Joshuan	Joshuan, Joshuvian
Juba	Juban	Juban
Juiz de Fora	Juiz-forano	Juiz-forano
Juneau City/Borough		Juneauite
Kahramanmaraş	Marashian	Marashian
Kandy	Kandian	Kandian
Kaluga	Kaluzhanin	Kaluzhane
Kansas City, Kansas	Kansas Citian[f]	Kansas Citian; Kansas Cityan; Kansas City, Kansan[g]
Kansas City, Missouri	Kansas Citian[f]	Kansas Citian; Kansas Cityan; Kansas City, Missourian[h]
Karachi	Karachiite	Karachiite
Karpasia	Karpasias	Karpasias
Kastoria	Kastorian	Kastorian
Kayseri	Kayserian	Kayserian
Kenosha	Kenoshan	Kenoshan
Khulna	Khulna	Khulnaiya, Khulnaite
Kingston	Kingstonian	Kingstonian
Kingston upon Hull	Hullensian	Hullensian
Kitchener	Kitchenerite	Kitchenerite
Klerksdorp	Klerksdorpian	Klerksdorper, Klerksdorpian
Knoxville	Knoxvillian	Knoxvillian
Kocaeli	Kocalian (see also İzmit)	Kocaelian (see also İzmit)
Konya	Konyanite	Konyanite
Kraków	Krakovian, Cracovian	Krakovian, Cracovian
Kuala Lumpur	KLite, KL-ite, Kuala Lumpurian	KLite, KL-ite, Kuala Lumpurian
Kuching	Kuchingite	Kuchingite
Kyiv	Kyivan, Kievan	Kyivan, Kyyivan, Kievan, Kyivite, Kievite,
Lagos	Lagosian	Lagosian
Lahore	Lahori	Lahori
Lancaster	Lancastrian	Lancastrian
La Paz	Paceño	Paceño
Larnaka	Larnakade	Larnakade
Las Vegas	Las Vegan	Las Vegan
Launceston	Launnie/Lonnie[7]
Laval	Lavalois, Lavaloise	Lavalois, Lavaloise
Leeds	Leodensian	Leodensian, Loiner
Leicester	Leicestrian	Chizzit
Leipzig	Leipziger	Leipziger
Legazpi	Legazpeño	Legazpeño
León	Leonese	Leonese
Lexington	Lexingtonian	Lexingtonian
Liberal, Kansas	Liberalite	Liberarian, Libertarian, Liberalien
Ligao	Ligaoeño	Ligaoeño
Lima	Limeño	Limeño
Limassol	Lemesouti	Lemesouti
Limerick	Limerick	Limerickman, Shannonsider
Lincoln	Lincolnite	Lincolnite
Linz	Linzer	Linzer
Lisbon	Lisboan, Lisboeta	Lisboan, Lisboeta, Lisboner, Alfacinha
Liverpool	Liverpudlian, Scouse	Liverpudlian, Scouser
Livorno	Leghornese, Livornese	Leghornese, Livornese
Locarno	Locarnese
London	Londoner	Londoner, Londonite
Londrina	Londrinense	Londrinense
Los Angeles	Los Angeleno, Angeleno, Angeleño	Los Angeleno, Angeleno, Ángeleño
Louisville	Louisvillian	Louisvillian
Luanda	Luandan	Luandan
Lucca	Lucchese	Lucchesi
Lugano	Luganese
Lusaka	Lusakan	Lusakan
Luton	Lutonian	Lutonian
Lviv	Lvivite, Lvivian, Leopolitan	Lvivite, Lvivian, Leopolitan, Lemberger, Ukrainian Lvivianyn (m), Lvivianka (f)
Lyon	Lyonese, Lyonnais	Lyonese, Lyonnais
Macau	Macanese	Macanese
Mackay	Mackayite	Mackayite
Madrid	Madrilenian, Madrileño	Madrilenian, Madrileño
Makati	Makiteño	Makiteño
Malacca	Malaccan	Malaccan
Málaga	Malagenean, Malagueño, Malacitano	Malagenean, Malagueño, Malacitano
Malatya	Malatyan	Malatyan
Manaus	Manauara, Manauense	Manauara, Manauense
Manchester	Mancunian	Mancunian, Manc
Mandaluyong	Mandaleño	Mandaleño
Manila	Manileño, Manilan	Manileño
Manisa	Manisanian	Manisanian
Mantua	Mantuan	Mantuan
Maputo	Maputan	Maputan
Marathon	Marathonian	Marathonian
Mardin	Mardinian	Mardinian
Marikina	Marikeño	Marikeño
Marmaris	Marmarisian	Marmarisian
Marseille	Marseillais	Marseillais
Marshall	Marshall,[8][9] Marshallite[i][10]	Marshallite[11][12]
Masbate	Masbateño	Masbateño
Mersin	Mersinite	Mersinite
Mecca	Meccan	Meccan
Medellín	Paisa	Paisa
Medina	Medinan	Medinan
Megara	Megarian	Megarian
Melbourne	Melburnian	Melburnian, Melbournite
Memphis	Memphian	Memphian
Mendrisio	Mendrisiense, Mendrisiotto
Mersin	Mersinite	Mersinite
Messina	Messinese	Messinese
Mexico City	Capitalino	Capitalino, Chilango, Defeño
Miami	Miamian	Miamian
Middlesbrough		Smoggie
Milan, Italy	Milanese	Milanese
Milan, New York		Milanite, Milaner
Milwaukee	Milwaukeean	Milwaukeean
Minsk	Minskite	Minskite
Misrata	Misratan	Misratan
Minneapolis	Minneapolitan	Minneapolitan
Minot	Minotian	Minoter
Mississauga	Mississaugan	Mississaugan
Missoula	Missoulian	Missoulian
Modena	Modenese	Modenese
Mogi Guaçu	Guaçuano	Guaçuano
Mogi Mirim	Mogimiriano	Mogimiriano
Monaco	Monegasque	Monegasque, Monacoan
Monrovia	Monrovian	Monrovian
Monterrey	Regiomontano	Regiomontano
Montevideo	Montevidean	Montevidean; Montevideano (m), Montevideana (f)
Montreal	Montrealer	Montrealer, Montréalais
Moose Jaw	Moose Jaw	Moose Javians
Morphou	Morfitis	Morfitis
Moscow, Idaho	Moscowite	Moscowite
Moscow, Russia	Muscovite	Muscovite
Muğla	Mughlanian	Mughlanian
Mumbai	Mumbaikar	Mumbaikar
Muncie	Munsonian	Munsonian
Munich	Münchner, Münchener	Münchner, Münchener
Mymensingh	Mymensinghi	Mymensinghi, Mymensinghiya, Mymensinghiyo
Mysore	Mysorean	Mysorean, Mysurinavaru, Mysuriga
Naga	Nagueño	Nagueño
Nagoya	Nagoyan	Nagoyan
Nairobi	Nairobian	Nairobian
Nanaimo	Nanaimoite	Nanaimoite
Nanjing (Nanking)	Nankinese	Nankinese
Napier	Napieran	Napieran, Naperian
Naples	Neapolitan	Neapolitan
Nashua	Nashuan	Nashuan
Nashville	Nashvillian	Nashvillian
Nassau	Nassuvian	Nassuvian
Navarre	Navarrian	Navarrian
Nazareth	Nazarene	Nazarene
Nelson	Nelson	Nelsonian
Netanya	Netanyan, Netanian	Netanyan, Netanian
Newport, Wales	Newportonian	Newportonian, Newporter
New Orleans	New Orleanian	New Orleanian, New Orleaner, Yat
New York City	New Yorker	New Yorker, Knickerbocker
New York City•The Bronx	Bronxite	Bronxite, Bronxer
New York City•Brooklyn	Brooklynite	Brooklynite, Trolley Dodger (archaic)
New York City•Manhattan	Manhattanite	Manhattanite
New York City•Queens	Queensite	Queensite
New York City•Staten Island[j]	Staten Islander	Staten Islander
Newcastle	Novocastrian	Novocastrian
Newcastle upon Tyne	Novocastrian, Geordie	Novocastrian, Geordie
Nice	Niçois	Niçois
Nicosia	Nicosian	Nicosian
Norfolk	Norfolker, Norfolkian	Norfolker, Norfolkian
Northampton	Northamptonian	Northamptonian
Novara	Novarese	Novarese
Nuremberg	Nuremberger, Nürnberger	Nuremberger, Nürnberger
Oakbank	Oakbankian	Oakbankian
Oakland	Oaklander	Oaklander
Oamaru	Oamaru, Oamaruvian	Oamaruvian
Oaxaca	Oaxacan	Oaxaqueño
Odesa	Odesan, Odesite, Odessan, Odessite	Odesan, Odesite, Odessan, Odessite, Odesyt (m), Odesytka (f)
Oklahoma City	Oklahoma Cityan, Oklahoma Citian	Oklahoma Cityan, Oklahoma Citian
Omaha	Omahan	Omahan
Omak	Omakian	Omakian[13]
Ordu	Ordunite	Ordunite
Orléans	Orléanais	Orléanais
Osaka	Osakan	Naniwakko, Osakan
Oshawa	Oshawian	Oshawian
Oslo	Oslovian	Oslovian, Osloer
Oswestry	Oswestrian	Oswestrian
Ottawa	Ottawan	Ottawan
Oxford	Oxonian[k]	Oxonian[k]
Paddock Lake	Paddock Laker	Paddock Laker
Padua	Paduan	Paduan
Paducah	Paducahan	Paducahan
Paita	Paiteño (m), Paiteña (f)	Paiteño (m), Paiteña (f)
Panaji	Panjimite	Ponnjekar, Panjimite
Paphos	Paphian	Paphian
Palermo	Palermitan	Palermitan
Palmerston North	Palmerstonian	Palmerstonian
Palmyra	Palmyrene	Palmyrene
Paris	Parisian	Parisian
Parma	Parmesan	Parmesan
Pasig	Pasigueño	Pasigueño
Penang	Penangite	Penangite
Pescara	Pescarese	Pescarese
Perth	Perthert, Perthite, Perthian, Perthling, Perthonality, Pertho, Perthie	Perthert, Perthite, Perthian, Perthling, Perthonality, Perthette
Perugia	Perugian	Perugian
Peterborough	Peterbourian	Peterbourian
Philadelphia	Philadelphian	Philadelphian
Phnom Penh	Phnom Penh	Phnom Penher
Phoenix	Phoenician, Phoenixer	Phoenician, Phoenixer
Pissouri	Pissouriti	Pissouriti
Pisa	Pisan	Pisan
Pittsburgh	Pittsburgher	Pittsburgher, Yinzer
Plymouth	Plymothian	Plymothian, Janner
Pohang	Pohang	Pohangite
Polmont	Polmontarian	Polmontarian
Pompeii	Pompeian, Pompeiian	Pompeian, Pompeiian
Ponferrada	Ponferradian	Ponferradian
Pont-à-Mousson	Mussipontain	Mussipontain
Port-au-Prince	Port-au-Princien	Port-au-Princien
Port Harcourt	Harcourtian, Port Harcourtian	Harcourtian, Port Harcourtian
Port Moresby	Port Moresbian	Port Moresbian
Porto	Portuense	Portuense, Tripeiro
Podgorica	Podgorician	Podgorician
Porto Alegre	Porto-alegrense	Porto-alegrense
Porto Cheli	Porto-Cheliki	Porto-Cheliki
Portland	Portlander	Portlander, Portlandite
Portsmouth	Portsmouthian	Portsmouthian
Prague	Praguer	Praguer
Preston	Prestonian	Prestonian
Pretoria	Pretoria	Pretorian
Pripyat	Pripyatin	Pripyatin
Pristina		Prishtinali, Prishtina, Prištinci, Prištevci
Providence	Providentian	Providentian
Provo	Provoan	Provoan
Puebla	Poblano	Poblano
Punta Arenas	Puntarenian	Puntarenian
Pylos	Pylian	Pylian
Quebec City	Québécois[l]	Québécois[l]
Quito	Quitonian	Quiteño (m), Quiteña (f)
Rajshahi	Rajshahiyo	Rajshahiya, Rajshahiyo
Radnor	Radnorian	Radnorian
Raleigh	Raleighite	Raleighite
Randall	Randallite	Randallite
Rangpur City	Rangpuri	Rongpuri, Rangpuri
Reading	Readingite	Readingite
Red Deer	Red Deerian	Red Deerian
Regina	Regina, Reginan	Reginan
Reno	Renoite	Renoite, Riennese, Renal
Rethymno	Rethymnian	Rethymnian
Reims (Rheims)	Rémois, Cornichon	Rémois
Reykjavík	Reykjavikian	Reykjavikian
Ribeirão Preto	Ribeirão Pretano	Ribeirão Pretano
Richmond	Richmonder	Richmonder
Riga	Rigan	Rigan
Rio de Janeiro	Carioca	Carioca
Rhodes	Rhodian	Rhodian
Roanoke	Roanoker	Roanoker
Rochester, Kent	Roffensian, Rochesterian	Roffensian
Rochester, New York	Rochesterian	Rochesterian
Rockford, Illinois	Rockfordian	Rockfordian
Rockhampton	Rockhampton	Rockhamptonite
Rome	Roman	Roman
Roseville	Rosevillian	R osevillian
Rotorua	Rotoruan	Rotoruan
Rotterdam	Rotter	Rotterdammer
Rouen	Rouennais	Rouennais
Rye	Ryer	Ryer, Mudhead
Sacramento	Sacramentan	Sacramentan
Saint Helier	Saint-Helian	Saint-Helian
Saint-Étienne	Stéphanois	Stéphanois
Saint-Jude, Quebec	Rocquevillois	Rocquevillois
Saint Paul	Saint Paulite, St. Paulite	Saint Paulite, St. Paulite
St. Petersburg, Florida	Saint Petersburgite	Saint Petersburgite
Saint Petersburg, Russia	Saint Petersburgian	Saint Petersburgian, Saint Petersburger, Petersburger
Salem	Salemite	Salemite
Salerno	Salernitan	Salernitan
Salford	Salfordian	Salfordian
Salt Lake City	Salt Lake	Salt Laker
Salvador	Soteropolitano	Soteropolitano
Salzburg	Salzburger	Salzburger
Sambalpur	Sambalpuria	Sambalpuria
Samsun	Samsunite	Samsunite
San Antonio	San Antonian	San Antonian
San Diego	San Diegan	San Diegan
San Francisco	San Franciscan	San Franciscan
San Jose	San Josean	San Josean
San José	Josefino/a, San Josefinan	Josefino/a
Şanlıurfa	Urfanian	Urfanian
Santa Barbara	Santa Barbarian	Santa Barbaran
Santa Clarita	Santa Claritan	Santa Claritan
Santa Cruz de la Sierra	Cruceño	Cruceño
Santa Fe	Santa Fean, Santafesino, -na	Santa Fean, Santafesino, -na
Santa Monica	Santa Monican	Santa Monican
Santiago	Santiaguinos (m), Santiaguinas (f)	Santiaguinos (m), Santiaguinas (f)
São Carlos	Sãocarlense, Carlopolitano	Sãocarlense, Carlopolitano
São Luís	Ludovicense	Ludovicense
São Paulo	Paulistano	Paulistano
Sapporo		Sapporokko
Sarajevo	Sarajevan	Sarajevan
Saskatoon	Saskatoon, Saskatonian	Saskatonian, Saskabusher
Sault Ste. Marie	Sooite, Saultite	Soos
Savannah	Savannian	Savannian
Seattle	Seattleite	Seattleite
Sendai		Sendaikko
Seoul	Seoulite	Seoulite
Serra Negra	Serrano	Serrano
Serres	Serrean	Serrean
Seville	Sevillian, Sevillano, Hispalense	Sevillian, Sevillano, Hispalense
Shanghai	Shanghainese	Shanghainese, Shanghailander
Sheffield		Sheffielder
Shillong		nong Shillong
Shkodër	Shkodran	Shkodran
Shrewsbury	Salopian	Salopian
Side	Sidetan	Sidetan
Siena (Sienna)	Sienese, Siennese	Sienese, Siennese
Silver Lake	Silver Laker	Silver Laker
Singapore	Singaporean	Singaporean
Skopje	Skopjan	Skopjan
Sligo	Sligonian	Sligonian, Sligoman
Slough	Sluff	Sluff
Sofia	Sofian	Sofian
Solihull	Silhillian	Silhillian
Somers	Somersite	Somersite
Sorrento	Sorrentine	Sorrentine
Sorsogon	Sorsoganon	Sorsoganon
Southampton	Sotonian	Sotonian
Soweto	Sowetan	Sowetan
Sparta	Spartan	Spartan
Spokane		Spokanite
Spoleto	Spoletian	Spoletian, Spoletini
Springfield, Illinois		Springfielder
Springfield, Missouri	Springfieldian	Springfieldian
St. Louis	St. Louisan, Saint Louisan	St. Louisan, Saint Louisan
Stockholm	Stockholmer	Stockholmer
Strasbourg	Strasbourgeois	Strasbourgeois
Stuttgart	Stuttgarter	Stuttgarter
Sunderland		Mackem
Sunshine Coast	Sunshine Coast	Sunshine Coaster
Suzhou	Suzhounese	Suzhounese
Swansea	Jack	Jack
Swindon	Swindonian	Swindonian
Sydney	Sydnese	Sydneysider, Sydnese
Sylhet	Sylheti	Sylheti, Siloti, Sileti
Syracuse, Italy	Syracusan	Syracusan
Syracuse, New York	Syracusian	Syracusian
Tabaco	Tabaqueño	Tabaqueño
Tacna	Tacneño (m), Tacneña (f)	Tacneño (m), Tacneña (f)
Tacoma	Tacoman	Tacoman
Taguig	Taguigeño	Taguigeño
Tallahassee	Tallahasseean	Tallahasseean
Tallinn	Tallinner	Tallinner
Tampa	Tampan, Tampanian, Tampeño	Tampan, Tampanian, Tampeño (m), Tampeña (f)[14]
Tartu	Tartuan	Tartuan
Taranto	Tarantine, Tarentine	Tarantine, Tarentine
Taunton	Tauntonian	Tauntonian
Tauranga	Taurangan	Taurangian, Taurangan
Tbilisi	Tbilisian	Tbilisian, Tbiliselebi
Tehran	Tehrani, Tehranis[15][circular reference]	Tehrani
Tekirdağ	Tekirdanian	Tekirdaninan
Tel Aviv	Tel Avivian	Tel Avivi, Tel Avivian
Thebes	Theban	Theban
Thessaloniki	Thessalonian	Thessalonian
Thunder Bay		Thunderbite
Timaru	Timaru, Timaruvian	Timaruvians
Tirana	Tiranas, Tirano (Italian)	Tirons
Tokyo		Edokko, Tokyoite
Toowoomba	Toowoomban	Toowoomban
Toronto	Torontonian	Torontonian[16]
Toulouse	Toulousian	Toulousian
Tournai	Tournaisian	Tournaisian
Townsville	Townsvillian	Townsvillian
Trabzon	Trabzonian, Trebizonian, Trapezian, Trapezuntine	Trabzonian, Trebizonian, Trapezian, Trapezuntine
Traverse City	Traverse Citian	Traverse Citian
Trevor	Trevorite	Trevorite
Trent	Tridentine	Tridentine
Trieste	Triestine	Triestine
Tripoli, Greece	Tripolitano	Tripolitano
Tripoli, Libya	Tripolitan	Tripolitan
Trois-Rivières, Guadeloupe	Trois-rivieran	Trois-rivieran
Trois-Rivières, Quebec	Trifluvien, Trifluvienne, Trifluvian	Trifluvien, Trifluvienne, Trifluvian
Tucson	Tucsonian	Tucsonian, Tucsonan
Tulsa	Tulsan	Tulsan
Tunis	Tunisois	Tunisois
Turin	Turinese	Turinese
Twin Lakes	Twin Laker	Twin Laker
Tyre	Tyrian	Tyrian
Uberlândia	Uberlandense	Uberlandense
Ulsan	Ulsan, Ulsanian	Ulsanian
Vacaville	Vacavillian	Vacavillian
Valencia	Valencian	Valencian
Valladolid	Vallisoletano, Pucelano, Pinciano	Vallisoletano, Pucelano, Pinciano
Valparaíso	Porteño (m), Porteña (f)	Porteño (m), Porteña (f)
Van	Vanian	Vanian
Vancouver, British Columbia	Vancouverite	Vancouverite
Vancouver, Washington	Vancouverite	Vancouverite
Venice	Venetian	Venetian
Veracruz	Veracruzano	Veracruzano, Jarocho
Verona	Veronese	Veronese
Vicenza	Vicentine	Vicentine
Vichy	Vichyssois	Vichyssois
Victoria	Victorian	Victorian
Vienna	Viennese, Wiener	Viennese, Wiener
Villanova	Villanovan	Villanovan
Ville Platte	Ville Platian	Ville Platian
Vilnius	Vilnian	Vilnian
Vizag	Vizagite	Vizagite
Waco	Wacoite	Wacoite
Warangal	Warangalite	Warangalite
Warsaw	Varsovian	Varsovian
Washington, D.C.	Washingtonian[m]	Washingtonian[m]
Waterbury, Connecticut	Waterburian	Waterburian
Waterford	Waterfordian	Waterfordian, Déise, Suirsider
Waterloo	Waterluvian	Waterluvian
Wellington	Wellington, Wellingtonian	Wellingtonian
Wheatland	Wheatlander	Wheatlander
Whitehorse	Whitehorser, Whitehorsian	Whitehorser, Whitehorsian
Wichita	Wichitan	Wichitan
Wilmot	Wilmotter	Wilmotter
Winchester		Wintonian
Winnipeg		Winnipegger, Winnipeger
Wolverhampton		Wulfrunian
Wythenshawe	Wythenshavian	Wythenshavian
Xalapa	Xalapeño	Xalapeño
Xanthi	Xanthian	Xanthian
Yellowknife	Yellowknifer	Yellowknifer
Yeosu	Yeosu, Yeosuite	Yeosuite
Yerevan	Yerevantsi	Yerevantsi
Yogyakarta	Yogyakartan, Jogjan	Yogyakartan, Jogjan
Yokohama	Yokohaman	Hamakko[17]
York		Yorkie, Old Yorker
Zacatecas	Zacatecan	Zacatecano
Zagreb	Zagrebian	Zagreber, Zagrebian
Zamboanga	Zamboangueño	Zamboangueño
Zaragoza	Zaragozan, Saragossan	Zaragoazan, Saragossan
Zonguldak	Zonguldaki	Zonguldakian
Zintan	Zintani	Zintani
Zurich	Zuricher, Zürcher	Zuricher, Zürcher
Zwolle	Zwollenaar	Zwollenaar
Notes: "Attic" is usually used only in reference to Ancient Athens Also used to identify graduates of the University of Cambridge. Not to be confused with the movements and concepts of English naturalist Charles Darwin. Rare. Rare. Residents of both Kansas City, Missouri and Kansas City, Kansas are referred to as Kansas Citians. Residents of Kansas City, Kansas are both Kansas Citians and Kansans. Residents of Kansas City, Missouri are both Kansas Citians and Missourians. Marshallite as an adjectival form is rare and archaic Formerly Richmond. Also used to identify graduates of the University of Oxford. Often confused with residents of the Province of Québec. If it is necessary to distinguish between residents of the city and the province, French-speakers will use québécois/e de Québec for the city and québécois/e du Québec for the province. Not to be confused with the inhabitants of Washington state.

See also

• Geography portal

• Demonym
  • List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for astronomical bodies
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for continental regions
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for subcontinental regions
    • List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for Australia
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for Canada
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for India
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for Malaysia
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for Mexico
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for New Zealand
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for the Philippines
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for the United States
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for Colorado cities
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for Greco-Roman antiquity
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for fictional regions
• Lists of city nicknames

References

1. "Discover the vision of International Brusselers for the future of Brussels!". Brussels Voice '23. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
2. "Edinburgensian - Google Search". www.google.com.
3. "Google Books Ngram Viewer". books.google.com. Archived from the original on 2023-03-28. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
4. Erskine, Rosalind (18 September 2019). "Baffie to Weegie: 18 Scottish words that are now in the dictionary - and their meaning". The Scotsman. Archived from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
5. "City of Guelph". Archived from the original on 2017-07-15. Retrieved 2017-05-25.
6. "Call Box". The Florida Times-Union. April 26, 2000. Archived from the original on October 11, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
7. "Launnie tallies the most votes, Lonnie loses". examiner.com.au. 2020-01-17. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
8. "Marshall ISD". www.marshallisd.com. Archived from the original on 2023-03-16. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
9. "Marshall Regional Arts Council". Marshall Regional Arts Council. Archived from the original on 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2021-03-25.
10. "Gustavia Tippins - View Obituary & Service Information". Gustavia Tippins Obituary. Archived from the original on 2021-02-26. Retrieved 2021-03-25.
11. "Marshallite's Brother Dies". March 7, 1960. p. 2. Archived from the original on March 28, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
12. "Col. Shaunte Y. Cooper achieves high honor as first African American Colonel for 147th Attack Wing". Texas Military Department. Archived from the original on 2021-05-07. Retrieved 2021-03-25.
13. Clark, Doug (March 26, 1996). "Town Tradition Goads Residents Into Donations". The Spokesman-Review. Cowles Publishing Company. Archived from the original on March 15, 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2013.
14. "Are you a Tampan, Tampanian or Tampeño?". Archived from the original on 2019-01-21. Retrieved 2022-03-20.
15. List of people from Tehran^{[circular reference]}
16. Street, Hudson (September 13, 1911). "Old Torontonian: If He Likes Toronto So Much, Why Live Here?". The New York Times. p. 8. Archived from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved February 23, 2008.
17. Yokohama City Central Library [in Japanese] (28 December 2013). "「はまっこ」の定義が知りたいです。横浜のどこで生まれると「はまっこ」なのでしょうか?". National Diet Library. Archived from the original on 2018-07-29. Retrieved 2018-07-29.