List of Christian martyrs
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of reputed martyrs of Christianity; it includes only notable people with Wikipedia articles. Not all Christian confessions accept every figure on this list as a martyr or Christian—see the linked articles for fuller discussion. In many types of Christianity, martyrdom is considered a direct path to sainthood and many names on this list are viewed as saints in one or more confessions.
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Apostolic Age—1st century
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According to the Gospels and Acts of the Apostles
According to early sources
- James, brother of Jesus[6] - attested by Josephus ca. AD 94
- Simon Peter, first attested by Tertullian about AD 200[7]
- Paul the Apostle, first attested by Ignatius of Antioch probably about AD 110[8]
According to tradition
Age of Martyrdom—2nd to 4th centuries
According to early Christian tradition
With some historical attestation within a hundred years of the event
- Polycarp of Smyrna[23]
- Justin Martyr[24]
- Scillitan Martyrs[25]
- Perpetua and Felicity[26]
- Ptolemaeus and Lucius[27]
- Pothinus, bishop of Lyon, with Blandina and several others, the "Martyrs of Lyon and Vienne"[28][29]
- Pope Fabian[30]
- Sebastian[31]
- Shmona and Gurya[32]
- Agnes of Rome[33]
- Felix and Adauctus[34]
- Marcellinus and Peter[35]
- Forty Martyrs of Sebaste[36]
- Euphemia[37]
- Cyprian[38]
- Athenogenes of Pedachtoë[39]
With some historical attestation more than a hundred years after the event
- Alban[40]
- Ignatius of Antioch[41]
- Gelasinus[42]
- Lawrence of Rome[43]
- Lucy[44]
- Pancras[45]
- Vincent of Saragossa[46]
- Benedicta of Monacilioni[47]
- Petronilla[48]
Largely or wholly legendary
Middle Ages—5th to 15th-centuries
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- Vardan Mamikonian, 451 in the Battle of Avarayr[61]- First battle in defense of the Christian faith.[62]
- Tewdrig, 6th c.[63]
- Boethius, 6th c.[64]
- Sigismund of Burgundy, 524[65]
- Edwin of Northumbria, 633 in the Battle of Hatfield Chase[66]
- Oswald of Northumbria, 642 in the Battle of Maserfield[67]
- Projectus of Clermont, 676
- Warinus of Poitiers, 677
- Dagobert II of the Franks, 676[68]
- Kilian, Colman, and Totnan, 689[69]
- Fructus, Valentine & Engratia of Segovia, c. 715
- Theofrid of Orange, 728/-32 by Saracens
- Porcarius of Lérins, c. 732 by Saracens
- Boniface, 754.[70]
- Æthelberht II of East Anglia, 794
- Martyrs of Iona, 806 by Vikings
- Gohard of Nantes, 843 by Normans
- Roderick, Eulogius, Perfectus, Laura, Flora and Maria, Aurelius and Natalia, Nunilo and Alodia, and other Martyrs of Cordoba, 850-59
- Bertharius of Monte Cassino, 883 by Saracens
- Edmund of East Anglia, 869.[71]
- Ludmila of Bohemia, 921
- Wiborada of St. Gall, 921 by Magyars
- Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia, 935
- King Edward the Martyr, 979.[72]
- Adalbert of Prague, 997 by Old Prussians
- Bruno of Querfurt, 1009
- Jovan Vladimir, 1014
- Olaf II of Norway, 1030 in the Battle of Stiklestad[73]
- Gerard of Csanád, 1046
- Stanislaus of Szczepanów, 1079
- Canute IV of Denmark, 1086
- Magnus Erlendsson of Orkney, 1117
- William of Norwich, 1144 (cult suppressed)[74]
- Eric IX of Sweden, 1161[75]
- Thomas Becket, 1170 - The most famous martyr of the Middle Ages.[76]
- Berard of Carbio and companions, 1220
- Serapion of Algiers, 1240
- Buzád Hahót, 1241
- Peter of Verona, 1252 by Cathars - Canonized 11 months after his death; the fastest in history.
- Martyrs of Sandomierz, 1260
- Antonio Pavoni, 1374 by Waldensians
- Tsar Lazar, 1389[77]
- Nicholas Tavelic, 1391
- John of Nepomuk, 1393[78]
- Jan Huss (1415) and Jerome of Prague (1416) - executed for heresy by the Roman Catholic Council of Constance
- Joan of Arc, 1431, French heroine[79]
- Girolamo Savonarola, 1498
Reformation Era—16th century
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- Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos, 1523, burned at the stake, early Lutheran martyrs
- Jan de Bakker, 1525, burned at the stake
- Martyrs of Tlaxcala, 1527-1529
- Felix Manz, 1527
- Patrick Hamilton, 1528, burned at the stake, early Lutheran martyr
- George Blaurock, 1529
- Thomas More, 1535, executed
- John Fisher, 1535[80]
- William Tyndale, 1535
- Carthusian Martyrs, 1535–1537
- Arthur of Glastonbury, 1539
- Margaret Pole, 1541
- Juan de Padilla, Spanish missionary to New Mexico, 1542
- Mannar Catholic martyrs (1544)
- Anne Askew, 1546
- George Wishart, 1546
- Luis de Cancer, Spanish missionary to La Florida, 1549
- Lady Jane Grey, 1554
- Hugh Latimer, 1555
- Nicholas Ridley, 1555
- Rowland Taylor, 1555
- John Hooper, 1555
- John Rogers, 1555
- William Hunter, 1555
- Lawrence Saunders, 1555
- Thomas Cranmer, 1556
- Guido de Bres, 1567
- Dirk Willems, 1569
- The Fifty Two Martyrs of Brazil, 1570-1571, including:
- Inácio de Azevedo, 1570
- Pero Dias, 1571
- Martyrs of Gorkum, 1572, including:
- Edmund Campion, 1581
- Margaret Ball, 1584
- The Forty Martyrs of England and Wales, various dates
Modern Era—17th to 21st centuries
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- Martyrs of Japan, 1597-1639, (see also Kakure Kirishitan)
- Francis Taylor, 1621
- Ketevan the Martyr, 1624
- Vietnamese Martyrs, 1625 - 1886
- Magdalene of Nagasaki, 1634
- Lorenzo Ruiz, 1637
- Canadian Martyrs, North American Martyrs, 1642–1649
- Arthur Bell, 1643
- Martyrs of Natal 1645, including:
- Isaac Jogues, 1646
- John de Britto, 1647–1693, born in Portugal and beheaded in India
- Francis Ferdinand de Capillas, 1648, missionary to China
- Diego Luis de San Vitores, and Pedro Calungsod, 1672
- Feodosia Morozova, 1675, Russian Old Believer
- Oliver Plunkett, 1681, Archbishop of Armagh
- Felipe Songsong, 1685
- Salem Witch Trials, 1692
- Devasahayam Pillai, 1712-1752
- Constantin Brâncoveanu, 1714
- Jean-Pierre Aulneau, Jean Baptiste de La Vérendrye, and 19 other voyageurs, 1736
- Vicente Liem de la Paz, 1773
- Luís Jayme, Spanish missionary to Alta California, 1775
- Cosmas of Aetolia, 1779
- Francisco Garcés, Spanish missionary to Alta California, 1781
- Martyrs of Compiegne, 1794
- Andrés Quintana, Spanish missionary to Alta California, 1812
- Chinese Martyrs (various Christian denominations), 19th and 20th centuries
- Pedro Marieluz Garces, 1825
- Tārore, 1836
- Andrew Dung-Lac, 1839, Vietnamese Catholic
- Joseph Smith, 1844[81]
- Hyrum Smith, 1844
- Korean Martyrs, 1839, 1846, 1866
- Peter Chanel, 1841
- Andrew Kim Taegon, 1846
- Marcus Whitman, Narcissa Whitman, and companions, 1847
- The Massabki Brothers, 1860
- Lucy Yi Zhenmei, one of the 19th century Chinese Catholic Martyrs, 1862
- Thomas Baker, 1867, English missionary killed and eaten, Fiji
- Martyrs of the Paris Commune, 1871
- Martyrs of Uganda, 1885–1887
- Victor Emilio Moscoso Cárdenas, 1897
- Amandina of Schakkebroek, 1900
- Maria Goretti, 1902, died defending herself from being raped
- Karolina Kózka, 1914
- Armenian Martyrs, 1915-1923[82]
- Grand Duchess Elizabeth Fyodorovna, 1918
- Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Family, 1918
- Nun Barbara (Yakovleva), 1918
- James Coyle, 1921
- Gregory of Cydonia, 1922
- Manuel Gómez González, 1924
- Adílio Daronch, 1924
- Saints of the Cristero War 1926–1927, including:
- Miguel Pro, 1927
- Cristóbal Magallanes Jara, 1927
- Mateo Correa Magallanes, 1927
- Toribio Romo González, 1928
- Manche Masemola, 1913–1928
- José Sánchez del Río 1928
- Albertina Berkenbrock, 1931
- Innocencio of Mary Immaculate, 1934
- John and Betty Stam, 1934
- Antonia Mesina, 1935
- Bartolome Blanco Marquez, 1936
- Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War 1934, 1936–1939
- Alexander Hotovitzky, 1937
- Peter of Jesus Maldonado, 1937
- Paul Schneider (pastor), 1939
- Martyrs of Songkhon, 1940
- Maximilian Kolbe, 1941, murdered in Auschwitz
- Benigna Cardoso da Silva, 1941
- Edith Stein, 1942, murdered in Auschwitz
- Gorazd, 1942, Bishop of Prague
- Lucian Tapiedi, 1942
- Franz Jägerstätter, 1943
- Sophie Scholl, 1921-1943, a devout Lutheran executed by the Nazis for her anti-Nazi activism
- Maria Restituta Kafka, 1943
- Józef and Wiktoria Ulma with seven children, 1944
- Giuseppe Beotti, 1944
- Anna Kolesárová, 1944
- Dusty Miller, 1945, a Methodist layman killed in a World War II Japanese administered POW camp in Thailand
- Marcel Callo, 1945
- Dietrich Bonhoeffer, 1945, Lutheran pastor and member of the German Resistance
- Rolando Rivi, fourteen-year-old seminarian, 1945
- Peter To Rot, 1945
- Vincentas Borisevičius, 1946
- Martyrs of Albania, 1945-1974
- Theodore Romzha, 1947, Ruthenian Eparch of Mukachevo
- Nykyta Budka, 1949, Ukrainian Bishop of Canada, died in Soviet gulag
- Beda Chang, 1951
- Alberto Hurtado, 1952
- Francis Xavier Ford, 1952
- Petro Pavlo Oros, 1953
- Mečislovas Reinys, 1953
- Martyrs of Laos, 1954-1970
- Zdenka Cecilia Schelingová, 1955
- Jim Elliot, 1956
- Nate Saint, 1956, killed while attempting to evangelize the Waodani people
- Ed McCully, 1956
- Pete Fleming, 1956
- Roger Youderian, 1956
- Pierina Morosini, 1957
- Veronica Antal, 1958
- Esther John 1929–1960, Found Killed in Chichawatni commemorated at Westminster Abbey.
- Marie-Clémentine Anuarite Nengapeta, 1964
- Martin Luther King Jr., Baptist minister, theologian, civil rights leader, 1968
- Wang Zhiming, 1973, Chinese pastor, publicly executed
- Martyrs of La Rioja, 1976
- Janani Jakaliya Luwum, 1977, Archbishop of Uganda
- Abuna Theophilos, 1979, Patriarch of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
- Gudina Tumsa, 1979, Ethiopian theologian
- Óscar Romero, 1980, Archbishop of San Salvador
- Luís Espinal Camps, 1980, Jesuit priest
- Ita Ford, 1980
- Maura Clarke, 1980
- Dorothy Kazel, 1980
- Jean Donovan, 1980
- Stanley Rother, 1981
- Isabel Cristina Mrad Campos, 1982[83]
- Jerzy Popiełuszko, 1984
- Santa Scorese, 1991
- Marta Obregón Rodríguez, 1992
- Lindalva Justo de Oliveira, 1993
- Martyrs of Algeria, 1994-1996
- Rani Maria Vattalil, 1995
- 19 martyrs of Algeria, 1996
- Graham Staines, 1999, in India[84]
- Kosheh Martyrs, 1998–2000, Egypt
- Maria Laura Mainetti, 2000, Catholic nun murdered in a satanic ritual[85]
- Rufus Halley, 2001
- David Paget, 2001
- Martin Burnham, 2002
- Mary Stachowicz, 2002
- Dorothy Mae Stang, 2005[86]
- Andrea Santoro, 2006
- Fabianus Tibo, 2006
- Leonella Sgorbati, 2006
- Ragheed Ganni and companions, 2007
- Paulos Faraj Rahho, 2008, Chaldean Archeparch of Mosul
- Nicholas Pillai Pakiaranjith, 2008
- 2008 Kandhamal violence, 2008
- Vivian Uchechi Ogu, 2009
- Nag Hammadi martyrs, Egypt 2010
- Baghdad martyrs, 2010
- Luigi Padovese, 2011
- Shahbaz Bhatti, 2011
- Nigerian martyrs, 2012
- Frans van der Lugt, 2014
- Christians (ن) martyred by ISIL, 2014-2019
- 21 Coptic Martyrs of Libya, 2015
- Akash Bashir, 2015
- Jacques Hamel, Normandy 2016
- Cairo martyrs, 2016
- Alexandria martyrs, 2017
- Sutherland Springs martyrs, 2017
- John Allen Chau, 2018
- Sri Lankan martyrs, 2019
- Owo martyrs, 2022
- Plateau martyrs, 2023
See also
References
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