Khusrau Malik

Abu'l-Muzaffar Khusrau Malik ibn Khusrau-Shah (Persian: ابوالمظفر خسروملک بن خسروشاه), better known simply as Khusrau Malik (خسرو ملک; also spelled Khosrow), was the last Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire, ruling from 1160 to 1186. He was the son and successor of Khusrau Shah (r. 1157–1160).

Khusrau Malik ابوالمظفر خسروملک بن خسروشاه
Sultan
Sultan of Ghaznavid Empire
Reign	1160 – 1186
Predecessor	Khusrau Shah
Successor	Muhammad of Ghor
Born	? Ghaznavid Empire
Died	1191 Ghur (now present day Afghanistan)
Names Khusrau Malik bin Khusrau Shah
Dynasty	House of Ghaznavid
Father	Khusrau Shah
Religion	Sunni Islam

Reign

See also: Siege of Lahore (1186)

In 1161/2, a group of Oghuz Turks seized the Ghaznavid capital of Ghazni, forcing Khusrau Malik to retreat to Lahore, which became his new capital. From there he made incursions into northern India, expanding his rule as far as southern Kashmir. He also created an alliance with the Indian Khokhar tribe. In 1170, Khusrau (or one of his commanders) invaded the southern part of the Ganges.

In 1178 the Ghurid ruler Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad invaded the southern part of Ghaznavid Punjab and reached as far as Gujarat. In 1179/80 he seized Peshawar, and by 1181/2 swept around Lahore, but Khusrau Malik managed to keep him from the city by paying him so he retreated from Lahore instead of laying siege to the city. However, Lahore was finally captured by the Ghurids in 1186, while Khusrau-Malik and his son Bahram-Shah were taken to Ghur and imprisoned, marking the end of the Ghaznavid Empire. Both were executed in 1191.^[1]

Sources

• Bosworth, C. E. (1968). "The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000–1217)". In Frye, R. N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–202. ISBN 0-521-06936-X.
• Bosworth, C.E. (1977). The Later Ghaznavids. Columbia University Press.
• Bosworth, C. E. (1993). "The Encyclopedia of Islam, VII". The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. VII. Brill. pp. 1–1056. ISBN 90-04-09419-9.
• Bosworth, C. Edmund (2001). "GHAZNAVIDS". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. X, Fasc. 6. London et al. pp. 578–583.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Bosworth, C. Edmund (2013). "ḴOSROW MALEK". Encyclopaedia Iranica.

Khusrau Malik House of Sabuktegin Born:  ? Died: 12th-century
Regnal titles
Preceded by Khusrau Shah	Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire 1160–1186	Succeeded by Ghurid rule

1. Bosworth 1977, p. 131.