Kharsawan block

Kharsawan block is a CD block that forms an administrative division in the Seraikela Sadar subdivision of Seraikela Kharsawan district, in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

Kharsawan
Community development block
Kharsawan Location in Jharkhand Show map of Jharkhand Kharsawan Kharsawan (India) Show map of India
Coordinates: 22.7897°N 85.8253°E / 22.7897; 85.8253
Country	India
State	Jharkhand
District	Seraikela Kharsawan
Government
• Type	Federal democracy
Area
• Total	226.52 km2 (87.46 sq mi)
Population  (2011)
• Total	88,642
• Density	390/km2 (1,000/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Hindi, Odia
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	831013
Telephone/STD code	06583
Vehicle registration	JH 22
Literacy	65.34%
Lok Sabha constituency	Khunti
Vidhan Sabha constituency	Kharsawan
Website	seraikela.nic.in

History

The British conquered Kolhan in 1837 and consequently formed a new district Singhbhum with headquarters at Chaibasa. In 1854, Singhbhum "became a non-regulation district under the jurisdiction of the Lt. Governor of Bengal". The Rajas of Porhat/ Singhbhum, Seraikela and Kharswan ('Kharsuan' is original name）held sway over their kingdoms under British protection. The native states of Seraikela and Kharsawan acceded to the Indian Union in 1948, and on 1 January 1948 Raja of Seraikela and Raja of Kharsawan willingly merged with Odisha (then 'Orissa'). On 1 January 1948, a political leader Jaipal Singh asked tribal people to congregate at Kharsawan to protest against the merger with Odisha, so that then Bihar government would give them a bigger Jharkhand state. Tribal leader Jaipal Singh Munda himself didn't turn up. Tribals gathered at Kharsawan village market with their traditional weapons on 1 January 1948. Seeing Jaipal Singh Munda nowhere, tribals began to lose their patience. Police warned them. According to BBC report, first an arrow hit the arm of a police and police had to fire. Calling it another 'Jaliyanawala bag' is a misnomer. Now, educated tribal people have begun to understand. On 18 May 1948, both Seraikela and Kharsawan were taken out of Odisha and were merged with Bihar due to a political conspiracy. Jaipal Singh Munda didn't get the Jharkhand state as it was promised to him by then politicians of Bihar, till his death in 1970. Subsequently, it was merged with Singhbhum district was divided into three subdivisions – Sadar, Dhalbhum and Seraikela. In 1956, along with the reorganisation of the states, three police stations of Manbhum district, namely Patamda, Ichagarh and Chandil were transferred to Singhbhum district. While Patamda was added to Dhalbhum subdivision, Ichagarh and Chandil to Seraikela Sadar subdivision. Seraikela Kharsawan district was carved out of West Singhbhum district in 2001. The district has two subdivisions – Seraikela and Chandil. The headquarters of the district is at Seraikela town.^[1][2][3]

Maoist activities

According to a PIB release in 2018, Seraikela Kharswan was not included in the list of the thirty districts most affected by Left wing extremism in the country. The list includes thirteen districts of Jharkhand.^[4]

Jharkhand Police has mentioned "Nimdih, Chandil, Chowka, Ichagarh, Tiruldih, Kharsawan and Kuchai" police station areas of Seraikela Kharsawan district as Naxalite affected.^[5]

Hemant Soren, Chief Minister of Jharkhand, has claimed, in September 2021, that as a result of the effective action against left wing extremism, the "presence of hardcore Maoists has been limited to mainly four regions, namely Parasnath Pahar, Budha Pahar, Tri-junction of Seraikela-Khunti-Chaibasa district in Kolhan division and some of the areas along the Bihar border".^[6]

Geography

Kharsawan is located at 22.7897°N 85.8253°E / 22.7897; 85.8253.

The old and undivided Singhbhum district, of which the present Seraikela Kharsawan district was a part, has been described as "part of the southern fringe of the Chotanagpur plateau and is a hilly upland tract. There are hills alternating with valleys, steep mountains, deep forests on the mountain slopes, and, in the river basins, some stretches of comparatively level or undulating country."^[7]

It has an elevation range of 178–209 metres (584–686 ft). Subarnrekha and Kharkai are important rivers in the district.^[8]Chandil Dam has been built across the Subarnarekha, after Karkari River joins it.^[9]

Kharsawan CD block is bounded by Tamar CD block in Ranchi district and Chandil CD block on the north, Seraikela CD block on the east, Khuntpani CD block in Paschimi Singhbhum district on the south and Kuchai CD block on the west.^[10][11][12]

Kharsawan CD block has an area of 226.52 km².^[13]Kharsawan police station serves Kharsawan CD block.^[14] The headquarters of Kharsawan CD block is located at Kharsawan town.^[15]

Demographics

Population

According to the 2011 Census of India, Kharsawan CD block had a total population of 88,642, all of which were rural. There were 45,001 (51%) males and 43,641 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 13,758. Scheduled Castes numbered 6,847 (7.72%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 35,371 (39.90%).^[13]

Literacy

According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Kharsawan CD block was 48,927 (65.34% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 29,481 (77.71% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 19,446 (52.63% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 25.09%.^[13]

As of 2011^[update] census, literacy in Seraikela Kharsawan district was 68.85%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011.^[16] Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.^[17]

See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate

Literacy in CD Blocks of Seraikela Kharsawan district
Seraikela Sadar subdivision
Kuchai – 52.97%
Kharsawan – 65.34%
Adityapur – 71.32%
Seraikela – 64.61%
Gobindpur – 63.19%
Chandil subdivision
Chandil – 66.74%
Ichagar – 61.02%
Kukru – 62.54%
Nimdih – 64.22%
Source: 2011 Census: CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data

Language and religion

Languages of Kharsawan CD block (2011)^[18]

  Odia (32.90%)

  Ho (29.89%)

  Bengali (11.80%)

  Kurmali (11.28%)

  Santali (4.22%)

  Hindi (2.68%)

  Urdu (2.52%)

  Mundari (2.50%)

  Others (2.21%)

According to the Population by Mother Tongue 2011 data, in the Kharsawan subdistrict, Odia was the mother-tongue of 29,166 persons forming 32.90% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) Ho (26, 493/ 29.69%), Santali (13,746/ 15.51%), Bengali (10,456/ 11.80%), Hindi (3,575/ 4.03%), Urdu (2,233/ 2.52), Mundari (2,218/ 2.50%), and persons with other languages as mother-tongue (755/ 0.85%).'Other persons' included 481 persons having Kurukh/ Oraon as mother-tongue. Persons with Hindi as their mother-tongue included 352 persons having Sadan/ Sadri as mother-tongue.^[18]

Note: An attempt has been made to include all language groups each with at least 500 persons as their mother-tongue and only those groups with less than 500 persons as their mother-tongue are included in the "other languages" category. Comparatively smaller language groups with 200+ persons as their mother-tongue are mentioned in the text. Many languages have sub-groups. Those who are interested can see the reference for more details.

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language.^[19]

Religion in Kharsawan CD block (2011)[20]
Hinduism			54.19%
Sarna			41.76%
Islam			3.69%
Other or not stated			0.36%

According to the Population by Religious Communities 2011 data, in the Kharsawan subdistrict, Hindus numbered 48,038 and formed 54.19% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) Other religious communities (37,061/41.81), Muslims (3,273/ 3.69%), Christians (90/ 0.10%), and persons who did not state their religion (180/ 0.20%).^[20]

In Seraikela Kharsawan district, Scheduled Tribes numbered 255,626 and formed 24.00% of the total population. The larger groups within the scheduled tribes, with percentage of the ST population, were Santals 50.80%, Ho 34.87%, Mundas, Patars 17.60% and Oraons, Bhangar Oraons 4.12%.^[21]

Economy

Overview

70-80% of the population of Seraikela Kharsawan district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005.^[22] In 2011–12, the proportion of BPL population in Seraikela Kharsawan district came down to 33.6%.^[23] According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), "the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line."^[24]

Livelihood

Livelihood
in Kharsawan CD block

  Cultivators (32.26%)

  Agricultural labourers (34.45%)

  Household industries (6.32%)

  Other Workers (26.98%)

In Kharsawan CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 11,706 and formed 32.26%, agricultural labourers numbered 12,499 and formed 34.45%, household industry workers numbered 2,296 and formed 6.32% and other workers numbered 9,789 and formed 26.98%. Total workers numbered 36,286 and formed 40.94% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 52,356 and formed 59.06% of the population.^[25]

Infrastructure

There are 128 inhabited villages in Kharsawan CD block. In 2011, 111 villages had power supply. 31 villages had tap water, 122 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 120 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 6 villages had post offices, 6 villages had sub post offices, 17 villages had telephone (land line), 72 villages had mobile phone coverage. 128 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 17 villages had bus service (public/ private), 18 villages had autos/ modified autos, 19 villages had taxi/ vans, 49 villages had tractors. 7 villages had bank branches, 5 village had agricultural credit society, 4 villages had public library and reading rooms, 22 villages had availability of newspapers, 42 villages had ration shops, 7 villages had weekly haat, 62 villages had assembly polling stations.^[26]

Backward Regions Grant Fund

Seraikela Kharsawan district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is “designed to redress regional imbalances in development”. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.^[27][28]

Transport

Tatanagar-Bilaspur line

Route map Legend km km to Bilaspur–Katni line CSPGCL Korba West Thermal Power Station Bilaspur–Nagpur section Korba Coalfield Gevra, Dipka and Kusmunda mines Bilaspur 468 NTPC Limited Korba Super Thermal Power Station Gatora 462 465 Gevra Road NTPC Limited Sipat Thermal Power Station Hasdeo River Jairamnagar 458 Bharat Aluminium Company Works Kotmi-Sunar (halt) 446 451 Korba Akaltara 440 CSPGCL Korba East Thermal Power Station Kapan 432 Naila Janjgir 426 442 Urga Hasdeo River 436 Saragbundiya Champa 415 431 Madwarani 429 Kothari Road Sulgare 407 425 Balpur (halt) Baradwar 399 384 Sakti 374 Jharradih 370 Kharsia 360 Robertson Mand River Mand Raigarh Coalfield proposed link 351 Bhupdeopur 342 Kirodimalnagar Jindal Airstrip Jindal Steel and Power Raigarh Steel Plant 335 Raigarh 325 Kotarlia 316 Jamga Chhattisgarh Odisha border 304 Daghora 298 Hemagiri 284 Belpahar Ib Valley Coalfield Orient Paper Mills 276 Brajarajnagar Ib River 273 Ib Jharsuguda– Vizianagaram line 263 Jharsuguda 255 Dhutra 250 Panpali 243 Bagdhi 227 Bamra 219 Tangarmunda 211 Garpos 206 Sogra 200 Sonakhan 193 Rajgangpur Larsen & Toubro Kansbahal Works Howrah–Chennai main line 183 Kansbahal Jakhapura 318 176 Kalunga Sukinda Road 310 Brahmani River Kalinganagar 169 Panposh Baghuapal 300 Tomka 291 178 Kuamunda Daitari & Iron Ore Mines 190 Biramitrapur Tangripal 282 Sagadapata 268 163 Rourkela Chilkidara 255 Steel Authority of India Rourkela Steel Plant Harichandanpur 243 157 Bondamunda Nilkantheswar 232 Hatia-Rourkela line Sitabhinji 222 170 Dumetra Basantapur 208 176 Lathikata Narayanpur 199 180 Champajharan Kendujhar 193 185 Chandiposi Gualdih 191 198 Patashi Prajangpur 184 207 Bimalgarh Nayagarh 171 Essel, Rungta and other mines Gognaposh Juruli 156 Steel Authority of India Barsuan Iron Ore Mines Banspani 147 227 Barsuan Tata Steel Joda Mines Odisha Jharkhand border Murga Mahadev Steel Authority of India Kiriburu Iron Ore Mines Deojhar Steel Authority of India Meghahatuburu Iron Ore Mines Gua 148 Steel Authority of India Gua Iron Ore Mines South Karo River Steel Authority of India Bolani Iron Ore Mines 155 149 Bisra Barbil 148 142 Bhalaulata Odisha Jharkhand border Odisha Jharkhand border Jamkunda 135 Jaraikela Barajamda 139 Freight interchange for light railway from Chiria Tata Steel Noamundi Iron Ore Mines South Karo River 123 Manoharpur Noamundi 126 112 Posoita 105 Dearawan (halt) Padapahar 122 Saranda Tunnel Dongoaposi 117 96 Goilkera Maluka 107 89 Tunia Kendposi 095 83 Sonua Talaburu 088 71 Lotapahar Jhikpani 079 62 Chakradharpur Chaibasa 062 52 Barabambo Pandrasali 054 42 Rajkharswan 35 Mahali Marup Asansol–Tatanagar–Kharagpur line to Asansol Junction 27 Sini 20 Birbans Asansol–Tatanagar– Kharagpur line 11 Gamhariya 5 Adityapur Kharkai River Tata Steel Jamshedpur Steel Plant Tatanagar 00 Tata Motors Jamshedpur Plant Asansol–Tatanagar– Kharagpur line Asansol–Tatanagar– Kharagpur line to Badampahar   km km to Kharagpur   Source: Google maps

The Tatanagar-Bilaspur section of the Howrah-Nagpur-Mumbai line passes through Adityapur, Seraikela and Kharsawan CD blocks of Seraikela Kharsawan district. There are stations at Adityapur, Gamharia, Birbans, Sini, Mahali Marup and Rajkharsawan.^[29]

Education

Kharsawan CD block had 8 villages with pre-primary schools, 112 villages with primary schools, 55 villages with middle schools, 9 villages with secondary schools, 2 villages with senior secondary schools, 15 villages with no educational facility.^[30]
.*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

Healthcare

Kharsawan CD block had 3 villages with primary health centres, 8 villages with primary health subcentres, 5 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 2 villages with allopathic hospitals, 1 village with dispensary, 1 village with veterinary hospital, 1 village with family welfare centre, 30 villages with medicine shops.^[30]
.*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

References

1. "District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 5-7: History – British Period. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
2. Roy Chaudhury, P.C. "Bihar District Gazetteers - Singhbhum" (PDF). Pages 386-391: General Administration. Secretariat Press, Bihar, Patna, 1958. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
3. "District Police Profile – Seraikella Kharsawan". Brief Summary of the District. Jharkhand Police. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
4. "Maoist and Naxal activities in the country". 1 August 2018. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
5. "District Police Profile Seraikela Kharsawan". Security Scenario. Jharkhand Police. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
6. "Presence of Maoists limited to only four regions in Jharkhand, claims CM Hemant Soren". The New Indian Express, 26 September 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
7. "Bihar District Gazetteers - Singhbhum" (PDF). P.C. Roy Chaudhury. Secretariat Press, Bihar, Patna, 1958. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
8. "Seraikela Kharsawan". District at a Glance - Geography. District administration. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
9. "Seraikela Kharsawan". Tourist Places. District administration. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
10. "CD block/ Tehsil map of Saraikela Kharsawan". Maps of India. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
11. "CD block/ Tehsil map of Ranchi". Maps of India. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
12. "CD block/ Tehsil map of Paschimi Singhbhum". Maps of India. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
13. "District Census Handbook, Seraikela Khasawan, Series 21, Part XII B" (PDF). Location Code: 0253, Pages 26-27: District primary census abstract, 2011 census. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
14. "District Police Profile – Seraikella Kharsawan". Jharkhand Police. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
15. "District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Map of Seraikela Kharsawan district on the fifth page. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
16. "Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand". Provisional Population Totals, Literacy Rate in 2011 column. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
17. "Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011" (PDF). Page 110. Government of India. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
18. "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Jharkhand". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
19. "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. p. 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
20. "Table C-01 Population By Religion - Jharkhand". census.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
21. "District Census Handbook Seraikella-Kharswan, Series 21, Part XII A, 2011 Census" (PDF). Page 30: Note on Scheduled Castes/ Scheduled Tribes. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
22. "Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India" (PDF). Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
23. "Spatial poverty in Jharkhand". Mint. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
24. "Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data". MPRA. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
25. "District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Tables 30 and 33, pages 50-51, 54. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
26. "District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 558-561, Appendix I Village Directory. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
27. "Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines" (PDF). Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
28. "Backward Regions Grant Fund". Press Release, 14 June 2012. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
29. "58113 Tatanagar-Bilaspur Passenger". Time Table. IndiaRailInfo. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
30. "District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 558-559, Appendix I Village Directory. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 25 November 2021.