Johann Baptist Fischer

Not to be confused with Friedrich Ernst Ludwig von Fischer and Johann Gustav Fischer.

Johann Baptist Fischer, born 1803 in Munich (Germany), died 30 May 1832 in Leiden (the Netherlands) was a German naturalist, zoologist and botanist, doctor and surgeon.

Johann Baptist Fischer
Born	1803 Munich (Germany)
Died	(1832-05-30)30 May 1832 Leiden (The Netherlands)
Nationality	German
Known for	Synopsis Mammalium [1]
Scientific career
Fields	Zoologist and botanist

Plecotus austriacus (J. Fischer, 1829)

Trachypithecus johnii (J. Fischer, 1829)

Genetta genetta senegalensis (J. Fischer, 1829) (top)

Biography

Fischer was the son of a Munich schoolmaster, also named Johann Baptist, and his wife Cäcilie Haimerl. His younger brother was Sebastian Fischer, who also became a physician and naturalist spending part of his career in Russia and then Egypt.^[2]

J. B. Fisher was the assistant of the botanist Carl Ludwig Blume in the former national herbarium of Brussels. In 1826, he joined an expedition to Java, then a possession of the Dutch East Indies, and participated with Blume in writing the description of the species collected.^[3] During the Belgian revolution of September 1830, he helped Philipp Franz von Siebold transferring herbarium specimens from Brussels to Leiden in the Netherlands.^[4][5] Johann Baptist Fischer also devoted himself to the study of mammals, and he published in 1830 his Synopsis Mammalium.^[1] He died at a young age from septic infection.^[2]

Taxonomic descriptions

Johann Baptist Fischer described many species of plants, which were proven to be synonyms, as Agathosma desciscens (J.B.Fisch. 1832)^[6] synonym for Agathosma bifida Bartl. & H.L.Wendl., 1824.

In his Synopsis Mammalium,^[1] he also described a number of new mammalian species and subspecies.

Rodents

• Akodon azarae (J. Fischer, 1829), named in honor of the Spanish naturalist Félix de Azara^[1]
• Geocapromys brownii (J. Fischer, 1829), the Jamaican hutia, named in honor of the Irish naturalist Patrick Browne^[1]
• Megalomys desmarestii (J. Fischer, 1829), the muskrat of Martinique, an endemic rodent now extinct, and named in honor of the French zoologist Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest.^[1]

Primates

• Trachypithecus johnii (J. Fischer, 1829), the Nilgiri langur, a small monkey native to the south west of the India, named in honor of the missionary CS John.^[1][7]

Bats

• Centronycteris maximiliani (J. Fischer, 1829), the hirsute bat, named in honor of the prince Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied^[1]
• Pipistrellus rueppellii (J. Fischer, 1829), the Rüppell's pipistrelle, named in honor of the German naturalist Eduard Rüppell^[1]
• Plecotus austriacus (J. Fischer, 1829), the grey long-eared bat.^[1]

Carnivores

• Caracal caracal nubica (J. Fischer, 1829), the Nubian caracal^[1]
• Genetta genetta senegalensis (J. Fischer, 1829), the Senegalese common genet.^[1]

Marsupials

• Echymipera kalubu (J. Fischer, 1829), the common spiny bandicoot, a small marsupial of New Guinea.^[1]

References

1. Fischer, Johann Baptist (1830). Synopsis Mammalium. Addenda, Emendanda Et Index Ad Synopsis Mammalium (in Latin). Stuttgart: sumtibus J. G. Cotta. pp. 817.
2. Matzke-Karasz, Renate; Damkaer, David M. (1 January 2012). "Sebastian Fischer (1806-1871), Bavarian Physician-Naturalist in Egypt and Russia". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 32 (2): 327–333. doi:10.1163/193724011X615497.
3. Blume, C. L., Fischer, J. B. 1828. Flora Javae nec non insularum adjacentium. J. Frank, Brüssel. Biodiversity Heritage Library
4. Dorr, L.J., Nicolson, D.H. 2008. Taxonomic Literature, A selected guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. Suppl. VII: F-Frer. A.R.G Gantner Verlag K.G., Ruggell, 469 p. [p.215-216], ISBN 978-3-906166-65-0
5. E. M. Binsbergen. "Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796–1866). Wetenschapper in de Oost" [Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796–1866). Scientist in the East] (in Dutch). University of Amsterdam. Archived from the original on 2007-03-28. Retrieved 2018-02-06.
6. Fischer, Johann Baptist (1832). "Agathosma desciscens, Species nova, descripta". Bijdragen Tot Natuurkundige Wetenschappen. 7: 22–25 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
7. John, CS 1795. Beschreibung einiger Affen aus Kasi im nördlichen Bengalen, vom Missionary John zu Trankenbar. Neue Schriften, Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1: 211-218
8. International Plant Names Index.  J.B.Fisch.