Hugo Award for Best Novel

The Hugo Award for Best Novel is one of the Hugo Awards given each year by the World Science Fiction Society for science fiction or fantasy stories published in, or translated to, English during the previous calendar year. The novel award is available for works of fiction of 40,000 words or more; awards are also given out in the short story, novelette, and novella categories. The Hugo Awards have been described as "a fine showcase for speculative fiction", and "the best known literary award for science fiction writing".^[1][2]

Hugo Award for Best Novel
Awarded for	Best science fiction or fantasy story of 40,000 words or more published in the prior calendar year
Presented by	World Science Fiction Society
First award	1953
Most recent winner	Emily Tesh (Some Desperate Glory)
Website	thehugoawards.org

The Hugo Award for Best Novel has been awarded annually by the World Science Fiction Society since 1953, except in 1954 and 1957. In addition, beginning in 1996, Retrospective Hugo Awards or "Retro-Hugos" have been available for works published 50, 75, or 100 years prior. Retro-Hugos may only be awarded for years after 1939 in which no awards were originally given.^[3] Retro-Hugo awards have been given for novels for 1939, 1941, 1943–1946, 1951, and 1954.^[4]

Hugo Award nominees and winners are chosen by supporting or attending members of the annual World Science Fiction Convention, or Worldcon, and the presentation evening constitutes its central event. The final selection process is defined in the World Science Fiction Society Constitution as instant-runoff voting with six finalists, except in the case of a tie. The novels on the ballot are the six most-nominated by members that year, with no limit on the number of stories that can be nominated. The 1953, 1955, and 1958 awards did not include a recognition of runner-up novels, but since 1959 all final candidates have been recorded.^[3] Initial nominations are made by members from January through March, while voting on the ballot of six finalists is performed roughly from April through July, subject to change depending on when that year's Worldcon is held.^[5] Prior to 2017, the final ballot was five works; it was changed that year to six, with each initial nominator limited to five nominations.^[6] Worldcons are generally held in August or early September, and are held in a different city around the world each year.^[7][8]

During the 79 nomination years, 172 authors have had works as finalists and 54 have won (including co-authors, ties, and Retro-Hugos). Two translators have been noted along with the author of a novel written in a language other than English: Ken Liu, in 2015 and 2017, for translations of two works from Chinese; and Rita Barisse, in 2019, who was retroactively noted as the translator of a 1963 French novel. Robert A. Heinlein has won the most Hugos for Best Novel, and also appeared on the most final ballots; he has six wins (four Hugos and two Retro-Hugos) out of twelve finalists. Lois McMaster Bujold has received four Hugos out of ten finalists. Five authors have won three times: Isaac Asimov and Fritz Leiber (with two Hugos and one Retro-Hugo each), N. K. Jemisin, Connie Willis, and Vernor Vinge. Nine other authors have won the award twice. The next-most finalists by a winning author are held by Robert J. Sawyer and Larry Niven, who have been finalists nine and eight times, respectively, and have each only won once. With nine finalist appearance, Robert Silverberg has the greatest number of finalists without winning any. Three authors have won the award in consecutive years: Orson Scott Card (1986 and 1987), Lois McMaster Bujold (1991 and 1992), and N. K. Jemisin (2016, 2017, and 2018).

Winners and finalists

In the following table, the years correspond to the date of the ceremony, rather than when the novel was first published. Each year links to the corresponding "year in literature". Entries with a yellow background have won the award; those with a grey background are the finalists on the short-list.

  *   Winners and joint winners

Winners and finalists

Year	Author(s)	Novel	Publisher	Ref.
1953	Alfred Bester*	The Demolished Man	Galaxy Science Fiction	[9]
1955	Mark Clifton*	They'd Rather Be Right (also known as The Forever Machine)	Astounding Science-Fiction	[10]
	Frank Riley*
1956	Robert A. Heinlein*	Double Star	Astounding Science-Fiction	[11]
	Eric Frank Russell	Call Him Dead (also known as Three to Conquer)	Astounding Science-Fiction	[11]
	Isaac Asimov	The End of Eternity	Doubleday	[11]
	Cyril M. Kornbluth	Not This August	Doubleday	[11]
	Leigh Brackett	The Long Tomorrow	Doubleday	[11]
1958[a]	Fritz Leiber*	The Big Time	Galaxy Science Fiction	[12]
1959	James Blish*	A Case of Conscience	Ballantine Books	[13]
	Poul Anderson	We Have Fed Our Sea (also known as The Enemy Stars)	Astounding Science-Fiction	[13]
	Algis Budrys	Who?	Pyramid Books	[13]
	Robert A. Heinlein	Have Space Suit — Will Travel	The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction	[13]
	Robert Sheckley	Time Killer (also known as Immortality, Inc.)	Galaxy Science Fiction	[13]
1960	Robert A. Heinlein*	Starship Troopers	The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction	[14]
	Gordon R. Dickson	Dorsai! (also known as The Genetic General)	Astounding Science-Fiction	[14]
	Murray Leinster	The Pirates of Ersatz (also known as The Pirates of Zan)	Astounding Science-Fiction	[14]
	Mark Phillips	That Sweet Little Old Lady (also known as Brain Twister)	Astounding Science-Fiction	[14]
	Kurt Vonnegut	The Sirens of Titan	Dell Publishing	[14]
1961	Walter M. Miller, Jr.*	A Canticle for Leibowitz	J. B. Lippincott & Co.	[15]
	Poul Anderson	The High Crusade	Astounding Science-Fiction	[15]
	Algis Budrys	Rogue Moon	The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction	[15]
	Harry Harrison	Deathworld	Astounding Science-Fiction	[15]
	Theodore Sturgeon	Venus Plus X	Pyramid Books	[15]
1962	Robert A. Heinlein*	Stranger in a Strange Land	Putnam Publishing Group	[16]
	Daniel F. Galouye	Dark Universe	Bantam Books	[16]
	Harry Harrison	Planet of the Damned (also known as Sense of Obligation)	Analog Science Fact & Fiction	[16]
	Clifford D. Simak	The Fisherman (also known as Time Is the Simplest Thing)	Analog Science Fact & Fiction	[16]
	James White	Second Ending	Fantastic	[16]
1963	Philip K. Dick*	The Man in the High Castle	Putnam Publishing Group	[17]
	Marion Zimmer Bradley	The Sword of Aldones	Ace Books	[17]
	Arthur C. Clarke	A Fall of Moondust	Harcourt Trade Publishers	[17]
	H. Beam Piper	Little Fuzzy	Avon Publications	[17]
	Jean Bruller (French)[b]	Sylva	Putnam Publishing Group	[17]
	Rita Barisse (translator)[b]
1964	Clifford D. Simak*	Here Gather the Stars (also known as Way Station)	Galaxy Science Fiction	[18]
	Robert A. Heinlein	Glory Road	The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction	[18]
	Andre Norton	Witch World	Ace Books	[18]
	Frank Herbert	Dune World[c]	Analog Science Fact & Fiction	[18]
	Kurt Vonnegut	Cat's Cradle	Holt, Rinehart and Winston	[18]
1965	Fritz Leiber*	The Wanderer	Ballantine Books	[20]
	John Brunner	The Whole Man	Ballantine Books	[20]
	Edgar Pangborn	Davy	Ballantine Books	[20]
	Cordwainer Smith	The Planet Buyer (also known as The Boy Who Bought Old Earth)	Pyramid Books	[20]
1966	Frank Herbert*	Dune	Chilton Company	[21]
	Roger Zelazny*	...And Call Me Conrad (also known as This Immortal)	The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction	[21]
	John Brunner	The Squares of the City	Ballantine Books	[21]
	Robert A. Heinlein	The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress[d]	If	[21]
	Edward E. Smith	Skylark DuQuesne	If	[21]
1967	Robert A. Heinlein*	The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress[d]	If	[22]
	Samuel R. Delany	Babel-17	Ace Books	[22]
	Randall Garrett	Too Many Magicians	Analog Science Fact & Fiction	[22]
	Daniel Keyes	Flowers for Algernon	Harcourt Trade Publishers	[22]
	James H. Schmitz	The Witches of Karres	Chilton Company	[22]
	Thomas Burnett Swann	Day of the Minotaur	Ace Books	[22]
1968	Roger Zelazny*	Lord of Light	Doubleday	[23]
	Samuel R. Delany	The Einstein Intersection	Ace Books	[23]
	Piers Anthony	Chthon	Ballantine Books	[23]
	Chester Anderson	The Butterfly Kid	Pyramid Books	[23]
	Robert Silverberg	Thorns	Ballantine Books	[23]
1969	John Brunner*	Stand on Zanzibar	Doubleday	[24]
	Alexei Panshin	Rite of Passage	Ace Books	[24]
	Samuel R. Delany	Nova	Doubleday	[24]
	R. A. Lafferty	Past Master	Ace Books	[24]
	Clifford D. Simak	The Goblin Reservation	Galaxy Science Fiction	[24]
1970	Ursula K. Le Guin*	The Left Hand of Darkness	Ace Books	[25]
	Robert Silverberg	Up the Line	Ballantine Books	[25]
	Piers Anthony	Macroscope	Avon Publications	[25]
	Kurt Vonnegut	Slaughterhouse-Five	Delacorte Press	[25]
	Norman Spinrad	Bug Jack Barron	Avon Publications	[25]
1971	Larry Niven*	Ringworld	Ballantine Books	[26]
	Poul Anderson	Tau Zero	Doubleday	[26]
	Robert Silverberg	Tower of Glass	Charles Scribner's Sons	[26]
	Wilson Tucker	The Year of the Quiet Sun	Ace Books	[26]
	Hal Clement	Star Light	Analog Science Fact & Fiction	[26]
1972	Philip José Farmer*	To Your Scattered Bodies Go	Putnam Publishing Group	[27]
	Ursula K. Le Guin	The Lathe of Heaven	Amazing Stories	[27]
	Anne McCaffrey	Dragonquest	Ballantine Books	[27]
	Roger Zelazny	Jack of Shadows	The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction	[27]
	Robert Silverberg	A Time of Changes	Galaxy Science Fiction	[27]
1973	Isaac Asimov*	The Gods Themselves	Galaxy Science Fiction	[28]
	David Gerrold	When HARLIE Was One	Ballantine Books	[28]
	Poul Anderson	There Will Be Time	Signet Books	[28]
	Robert Silverberg	The Book of Skulls	Charles Scribner's Sons	[28]
	Robert Silverberg	Dying Inside	Galaxy Science Fiction	[28]
	Clifford D. Simak	A Choice of Gods	Putnam Publishing Group	[28]
1974	Arthur C. Clarke*	Rendezvous with Rama	Galaxy Science Fiction	[29]
	Robert A. Heinlein	Time Enough for Love	Putnam Publishing Group	[29]
	Larry Niven	Protector	Ballantine Books	[29]
	Poul Anderson	The People of the Wind	Analog Science Fact & Fiction	[29]
	David Gerrold	The Man Who Folded Himself	Random House	[29]
1975	Ursula K. Le Guin*	The Dispossessed	Harper & Row	[30]
	Poul Anderson	Fire Time	Doubleday	[30]
	Philip K. Dick	Flow My Tears, the Policeman Said	Doubleday	[30]
	Larry Niven	The Mote in God's Eye	Simon & Schuster	[30]
	Jerry Pournelle
	Christopher Priest	Inverted World	Galaxy Science Fiction	[30]
1976	Joe Haldeman*	The Forever War	St. Martin's Press	[31]
	Roger Zelazny	Doorways in the Sand	Analog Science Fact & Fiction	[31]
	Larry Niven	Inferno	Galaxy Science Fiction	[31]
	Jerry Pournelle
	Alfred Bester	The Computer Connection (also known as The Indian Giver)	Berkley Putnam	[31]
	Robert Silverberg	The Stochastic Man	Harper & Row	[31]
1977	Kate Wilhelm*	Where Late the Sweet Birds Sang	Harper & Row	[32]
	Joe Haldeman	Mindbridge	St. Martin's Press	[32]
	Frank Herbert	Children of Dune	Analog Science Fact & Fiction	[32]
	Frederik Pohl	Man Plus	The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction	[32]
	Robert Silverberg	Shadrach in the Furnace	Analog Science Fact & Fiction	[32]
1978	Frederik Pohl*	Gateway	Galaxy Science Fiction	[33]
	Marion Zimmer Bradley	The Forbidden Tower	DAW Books	[33]
	Larry Niven	Lucifer's Hammer	Playboy Press	[33]
	Jerry Pournelle
	Gordon R. Dickson	Time Storm	St. Martin's Press	[33]
	George R. R. Martin	Dying of the Light	Analog Science Fact & Fiction	[33]
1979	Vonda N. McIntyre*	Dreamsnake	Houghton Mifflin	[34]
	Anne McCaffrey	The White Dragon	Del Rey Books	[34]
	C. J. Cherryh	The Faded Sun: Kesrith	Galaxy Science Fiction	[34]
	Tom Reamy	Blind Voices	Berkley Putnam	[34]
1980	Arthur C. Clarke*	The Fountains of Paradise	Victor Gollancz Ltd	[35]
	John Varley	Titan	Berkley Putnam	[35]
	Frederik Pohl	Jem	St. Martin's Press	[35]
	Patricia A. McKillip	Harpist in the Wind	Atheneum Books	[35]
	Thomas M. Disch	On Wings of Song	The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction	[35]
1981	Joan D. Vinge*	The Snow Queen	Dial Press	[36]
	Robert Silverberg	Lord Valentine's Castle	The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction	[36]
	Larry Niven	The Ringworld Engineers	Galileo Magazine of Science & Fiction	[36]
	Frederik Pohl	Beyond the Blue Event Horizon	Del Rey Books	[36]
	John Varley	Wizard	Berkley Putnam	[36]
1982	C. J. Cherryh*	Downbelow Station	DAW Books	[37]
	Gene Wolfe	The Claw of the Conciliator	Timescape Books	[37]
	Julian May	The Many-Colored Land	Houghton Mifflin	[37]
	Clifford D. Simak	Project Pope	Del Rey Books	[37]
	John Crowley	Little, Big	Bantam Books	[37]
1983	Isaac Asimov*	Foundation's Edge	Doubleday	[38]
	C. J. Cherryh	The Pride of Chanur	DAW Books	[38]
	Arthur C. Clarke	2010: Odyssey Two	Del Rey Books	[38]
	Robert A. Heinlein	Friday	Holt, Rinehart and Winston	[38]
	Donald Kingsbury	Courtship Rite	Timescape	[38]
	Gene Wolfe	The Sword of the Lictor	Timescape	[38]
1984	David Brin*	Startide Rising	Bantam Books	[39]
	R. A. MacAvoy	Tea with the Black Dragon	Bantam Books	[39]
	John Varley	Millennium	Berkley Books	[39]
	Anne McCaffrey	Moreta: Dragonlady of Pern	Del Rey Books	[39]
	Isaac Asimov	The Robots of Dawn	Doubleday	[39]
1985	William Gibson*	Neuromancer	Ace Books	[40]
	David R. Palmer	Emergence	Bantam Books	[40]
	Vernor Vinge	The Peace War	Bluejay Books	[40]
	Robert A. Heinlein	Job: A Comedy of Justice	Del Rey Books	[40]
	Larry Niven	The Integral Trees	Del Rey Books	[40]
1986	Orson Scott Card*	Ender's Game	Tor Books	[41]
	C. J. Cherryh	Cuckoo's Egg	DAW Books	[41]
	David Brin	The Postman	Bantam Spectra	[41]
	Larry Niven	Footfall	Del Rey Books	[41]
	Jerry Pournelle
	Greg Bear	Blood Music	Arbor House	[41]
1987	Orson Scott Card*	Speaker for the Dead	Tor Books	[42]
	Bob Shaw	The Ragged Astronauts	Victor Gollancz Ltd	[42]
	William Gibson	Count Zero	Asimov's Science Fiction	[42]
	Vernor Vinge	Marooned in Realtime	Analog Science Fact & Fiction	[42]
	L. Ron Hubbard	Black Genesis	Bridge Publications	[42]
1988	David Brin*	The Uplift War	Bantam Spectra	[43]
	George Alec Effinger	When Gravity Fails	Arbor House	[43]
	Orson Scott Card	Seventh Son	Tor Books	[43]
	Greg Bear	The Forge of God	Tor Books	[43]
	Gene Wolfe	The Urth of the New Sun	Tor Books	[43]
1989	C. J. Cherryh*	Cyteen	Warner Books	[44]
	Orson Scott Card	Red Prophet	Tor Books	[44]
	Lois McMaster Bujold	Falling Free	Analog Science Fact & Fiction	[44]
	Bruce Sterling	Islands in the Net	Arbor House	[44]
	William Gibson	Mona Lisa Overdrive	Victor Gollancz Ltd	[44]
1990	Dan Simmons*	Hyperion	Doubleday	[45]
	George Alec Effinger	A Fire in the Sun	Doubleday	[45]
	Orson Scott Card	Prentice Alvin	Tor Books	[45]
	Poul Anderson	The Boat of a Million Years	Tor Books	[45]
	Sheri S. Tepper	Grass	Doubleday	[45]
1991	Lois McMaster Bujold*	The Vor Game	Baen Books	[46]
	David Brin	Earth	Bantam Spectra	[46]
	Dan Simmons	The Fall of Hyperion	Doubleday	[46]
	Michael P. Kube-McDowell	The Quiet Pools	Ace Books	[46]
	Greg Bear	Queen of Angels	Warner Questar	[46]
1992	Lois McMaster Bujold*	Barrayar	Analog Science Fact & Fiction	[47]
	Emma Bull	Bone Dance	Ace Books	[47]
	Anne McCaffrey	All the Weyrs of Pern	Del Rey Books	[47]
	Joan D. Vinge	The Summer Queen	Warner Questar	[47]
	Orson Scott Card	Xenocide	Tor Books	[47]
	Michael Swanwick	Stations of the Tide	Asimov's Science Fiction	[47]
1993	Vernor Vinge*	A Fire Upon the Deep	Tor Books	[48]
	Connie Willis*	Doomsday Book	Bantam Spectra	[48]
	Kim Stanley Robinson	Red Mars	HarperCollins	[48]
	Maureen F. McHugh	China Mountain Zhang	Tor Books	[48]
	John Varley	Steel Beach	Ace Books/Putnam Publishing Group	[48]
1994	Kim Stanley Robinson*	Green Mars	HarperCollins	[49]
	Greg Bear	Moving Mars	Tor Books	[49]
	Nancy Kress	Beggars in Spain	Morrow AvoNova	[49]
	David Brin	Glory Season	Bantam Spectra	[49]
	William Gibson	Virtual Light	Bantam Spectra	[49]
1995	Lois McMaster Bujold*	Mirror Dance	Baen Books	[50]
	John Barnes	Mother of Storms	Tor Books	[50]
	Nancy Kress	Beggars and Choosers	Tor Books	[50]
	Michael Bishop	Brittle Innings	Bantam Books	[50]
	James K. Morrow	Towing Jehovah	Harcourt Brace	[50]
1996	Neal Stephenson*	The Diamond Age	Bantam Spectra	[51]
	Stephen Baxter	The Time Ships	HarperPrism	[51]
	David Brin	Brightness Reef	Bantam Books	[51]
	Robert J. Sawyer	The Terminal Experiment (also known as Hobson's Choice)	Analog Science Fiction and Fact	[51]
	Connie Willis	Remake	Bantam Spectra	[51]
1997	Kim Stanley Robinson*	Blue Mars	HarperCollins Voyager	[52]
	Lois McMaster Bujold	Memory	Baen Books	[52]
	Elizabeth Moon	Remnant Population	Baen Books	[52]
	Robert J. Sawyer	Starplex	Analog Science Fiction and Fact	[52]
	Bruce Sterling	Holy Fire	Bantam Spectra	[52]
1998	Joe Haldeman*	Forever Peace	Ace Books	[53]
	Walter Jon Williams	City on Fire	HarperPrism	[53]
	Dan Simmons	The Rise of Endymion	Bantam Spectra	[53]
	Robert J. Sawyer	Frameshift	Tor Books	[53]
	Michael Swanwick	Jack Faust	Avon Publications	[53]
1999	Connie Willis*	To Say Nothing of the Dog	Bantam Spectra	[54]
	Mary Doria Russell	Children of God	Villard Books	[54]
	Robert Charles Wilson	Darwinia	Tor Books	[54]
	Bruce Sterling	Distraction	Bantam Spectra	[54]
	Robert J. Sawyer	Factoring Humanity	Tor Books	[54]
2000	Vernor Vinge*	A Deepness in the Sky	Tor Books	[55]
	Lois McMaster Bujold	A Civil Campaign	Baen Books	[55]
	Neal Stephenson	Cryptonomicon	Avon Publications	[55]
	Greg Bear	Darwin's Radio	HarperCollins	[55]
	J. K. Rowling	Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban	Bloomsbury Publishing	[55]
2001	J. K. Rowling*	Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire	Bloomsbury Publishing	[56]
	George R. R. Martin	A Storm of Swords	HarperCollins Voyager	[56]
	Robert J. Sawyer	Calculating God	Tor Books	[56]
	Ken MacLeod	The Sky Road	Tor Books	[56]
	Nalo Hopkinson	Midnight Robber	Warner Aspect	[56]
2002	Neil Gaiman*	American Gods	William Morrow and Company	[57]
	Lois McMaster Bujold	The Curse of Chalion	Eos	[57]
	Connie Willis	Passage	Bantam Books	[57]
	China Miéville	Perdido Street Station	Macmillan Publishers	[57]
	Robert Charles Wilson	The Chronoliths	Tor Books	[57]
	Ken MacLeod	Cosmonaut Keep	Orbit Books	[57]
2003	Robert J. Sawyer*	Hominids	Analog Science Fiction and Fact	[58]
	David Brin	Kiln People (UK: Kil'n People)	Tor Books	[58]
	Michael Swanwick	Bones of the Earth	Eos	[58]
	China Miéville	The Scar	Del Rey Books	[58]
	Kim Stanley Robinson	The Years of Rice and Salt	Bantam Books	[58]
2004	Lois McMaster Bujold*	Paladin of Souls	Eos	[59]
	Dan Simmons	Ilium	Eos	[59]
	Charles Stross	Singularity Sky	Ace Books	[59]
	Robert Charles Wilson	Blind Lake	Tor Books	[59]
	Robert J. Sawyer	Humans	Tor Books	[59]
2005	Susanna Clarke*	Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell	Bloomsbury Publishing	[60]
	Ian McDonald	River of Gods	Simon & Schuster	[60]
	Iain M. Banks	The Algebraist	Orbit Books	[60]
	Charles Stross	Iron Sunrise	Ace Books	[60]
	China Miéville	Iron Council	Del Rey Books	[60]
2006	Robert Charles Wilson*	Spin	Tor Books	[61]
	Ken MacLeod	Learning the World	Orbit Books	[61]
	George R. R. Martin	A Feast for Crows	Voyager Books	[61]
	John Scalzi	Old Man's War	Tor Books	[61]
	Charles Stross	Accelerando	Ace Books	[61]
2007	Vernor Vinge*	Rainbows End	Tor Books	[62]
	Charles Stross	Glasshouse	Ace Books	[62]
	Naomi Novik	His Majesty's Dragon	Voyager Books	[62]
	Michael F. Flynn	Eifelheim	Tor Books	[62]
	Peter Watts	Blindsight	Tor Books	[62]
2008	Michael Chabon*	The Yiddish Policemen's Union	HarperCollins	[63]
	John Scalzi	The Last Colony	Tor Books	[63]
	Charles Stross	Halting State	Ace Books	[63]
	Robert J. Sawyer	Rollback	Tor Books	[63]
	Ian McDonald	Brasyl	Pyr	[63]
2009	Neil Gaiman*	The Graveyard Book	HarperCollins	[64]
	Cory Doctorow	Little Brother	Tor Books	[64]
	Neal Stephenson	Anathem	Morrow	[64]
	Charles Stross	Saturn's Children	Ace Books	[64]
	John Scalzi	Zoe's Tale	Tor Books	[64]
2010	Paolo Bacigalupi*	The Windup Girl	Night Shade Books	[65]
	China Miéville*	The City & the City	Del Rey Books	[65]
	Cherie Priest	Boneshaker	Tor Books	[65]
	Robert J. Sawyer	Wake	Ace Books	[65]
	Catherynne M. Valente	Palimpsest	Bantam Spectra	[65]
	Robert Charles Wilson	Julian Comstock: A Story of 22nd-Century America	Tor Books	[65]
2011	Connie Willis*	Blackout/All Clear	Spectra Books	[66]
	Lois McMaster Bujold	Cryoburn	Baen Books	[66]
	Ian McDonald	The Dervish House	Gollancz / Pyr	[66]
	Mira Grant	Feed	Orbit Books	[66]
	N. K. Jemisin	The Hundred Thousand Kingdoms	Orbit Books	[66]
2012	Jo Walton*	Among Others	Tor Books	[67]
	George R. R. Martin	A Dance with Dragons	Bantam Spectra	[67]
	Mira Grant	Deadline	Orbit Books	[67]
	China Miéville	Embassytown	Macmillan Publishers / Del Rey Books	[67]
	James S. A. Corey	Leviathan Wakes	Orbit Books	[67]
2013	John Scalzi*	Redshirts	Tor Books	[68]
	Kim Stanley Robinson	2312	Orbit Books	[68]
	Mira Grant	Blackout	Orbit Books	[68]
	Lois McMaster Bujold	Captain Vorpatril's Alliance	Baen Books	[68]
	Saladin Ahmed	Throne of the Crescent Moon	DAW Books	[68]
2014	Ann Leckie*	Ancillary Justice	Orbit Books	[69]
	Charles Stross	Neptune's Brood	Ace Books	[69]
	Mira Grant	Parasite	Orbit Books	[69]
	Larry Correia	Warbound	Baen Books	[69]
	Robert Jordan	The Wheel of Time[e]	Tor Books	[69]
	Brandon Sanderson
2015[f]	Cixin Liu (Chinese)*[g]	The Three-Body Problem	Chongqing Press (original) Tor Books (translation)	[71]
	Ken Liu (translator)*[g]
	Katherine Addison	The Goblin Emperor	Tor Books	[71]
	Kevin J. Anderson	The Dark Between the Stars	Tor Books	[71]
	Jim Butcher	Skin Game	Roc Books	[71]
	Ann Leckie	Ancillary Sword	Orbit Books	[71]
2016	N. K. Jemisin*	The Fifth Season	Orbit Books	[72]
	Naomi Novik	Uprooted	Del Rey Books	[72]
	Ann Leckie	Ancillary Mercy	Orbit Books	[72]
	Neal Stephenson	Seveneves	William Morrow and Company	[72]
	Jim Butcher	The Cinder Spires: The Aeronaut's Windlass	Roc Books	[72]
2017	N. K. Jemisin*	The Obelisk Gate	Orbit Books	[73]
	Charlie Jane Anders	All the Birds in the Sky	Tor Books	[73]
	Becky Chambers	A Closed and Common Orbit	Hodder & Stoughton	[73]
	Cixin Liu (Chinese)[g]	Death's End	Chongqing Press (original) Tor Books (translation)	[73]
	Ken Liu (translator)[g]
	Yoon Ha Lee	Ninefox Gambit	Solaris Books	[73]
	Ada Palmer	Too Like the Lightning	Tor Books	[73]
2018	N. K. Jemisin*	The Stone Sky	Orbit Books	[74]
	John Scalzi	The Collapsing Empire	Tor Books	[74]
	Kim Stanley Robinson	New York 2140	Orbit Books	[74]
	Ann Leckie	Provenance	Orbit Books	[74]
	Yoon Ha Lee	Raven Stratagem	Solaris Books	[74]
	Mur Lafferty	Six Wakes	Orbit Books	[74]
2019	Mary Robinette Kowal*	The Calculating Stars	Tor Books	[75]
	Becky Chambers	Record of a Spaceborn Few	Hodder & Stoughton	[75]
	Yoon Ha Lee	Revenant Gun	Solaris Books	[75]
	Naomi Novik	Spinning Silver	Del Rey Books	[75]
	Rebecca Roanhorse	Trail of Lightning	Saga Press	[75]
	Catherynne M. Valente	Space Opera	Saga Press	[75]
2020	Arkady Martine*	A Memory Called Empire	Tor Books	[76]
	Charlie Jane Anders	The City in the Middle of the Night	Tor Books	[76]
	Tamsyn Muir	Gideon the Ninth	Tor.com Publishing	[76]
	Kameron Hurley	The Light Brigade	Saga Press	[76]
	Seanan McGuire	Middlegame	Tor.com Publishing	[76]
	Alix E. Harrow	The Ten Thousand Doors of January	Redhook	[76]
2021	Martha Wells*	Network Effect	Tor.com Publishing	[77]
	Rebecca Roanhorse	Black Sun	Saga Press	[77]
	N. K. Jemisin	The City We Became	Orbit Books	[77]
	Tamsyn Muir	Harrow the Ninth	Tor.com Publishing	[77]
	Susanna Clarke	Piranesi	Bloomsbury Publishing	[77]
	Mary Robinette Kowal	The Relentless Moon	Tor Books	[77]
2022	Arkady Martine*	A Desolation Called Peace	Tor Books	[78]
	Becky Chambers	The Galaxy, and the Ground Within	Harper Voyager/Hodder & Stoughton	[78]
	Ryka Aoki	Light From Uncommon Stars	Tor Books/St Martin's Press	[78]
	P. Djèlí Clark	A Master of Djinn	Tordotcom/Orbit UK	[78]
	Andy Weir	Project Hail Mary	Ballantine Books/Del Rey Books	[78]
	Shelley Parker-Chan	She Who Became the Sun	Tor Books/Mantle Books	[78]
2023[h]	Ursula Vernon (as T. Kingfisher)*	Nettle & Bone	Tor Books	[81]
	John Scalzi	The Kaiju Preservation Society	Tor Books	[81]
	Travis Baldree	Legends & Lattes	Tor Books	[81]
	Tamsyn Muir	Nona the Ninth	Tordotcom	[81]
	Silvia Moreno-Garcia	The Daughter of Doctor Moreau	Del Rey Books	[81]
	Mary Robinette Kowal	The Spare Man	Tor Books	[81]
2024	Emily Tesh*	Some Desperate Glory	Tordotcom/Orbit Books	[82]
	Shannon Chakraborty	The Adventures of Amina al-Sirafi	Harper Voyager	[82]
	Vajra Chandrasekera	The Saint of Bright Doors	Tordotcom	[82]
	John Scalzi	Starter Villain	Tor Books	[82]
	Ann Leckie	Translation State	Orbit Books	[82]
	Martha Wells	Witch King	Tordotcom	[82]
2025	Adrian Tchaikovsky	Alien Clay	Orbit Books/Tor UK	[83]
	Kaliane Bradley	The Ministry of Time	Avid Reader Press/Sceptre	[83]
	Adrian Tchaikovsky	Service Model	Tordotcom	[83]
	John Wiswell	Someone You Can Build a Nest In	DAW Books	[83]
	Ursula Vernon (as T. Kingfisher)	A Sorceress Comes to Call	Tor Books	[83]
	Robert Jackson Bennett	The Tainted Cup	Del Rey Books/Hodderscape	[83]

Retro-Hugos

Beginning with the 1996 Worldcon, the World Science Fiction Society created the concept of "Retro-Hugos", in which the Hugo award could be retroactively awarded for 50, 75, or 100 years prior. Retro-Hugos may only be awarded for years after 1939 (the year of the first Worldcon) in which no Hugos were originally awarded.^[3] Retro-Hugos have been awarded eight times, for 1939, 1941, 1943–46, 1951, and 1954.

Retro Hugo winners and nominees

Year	Year awarded	Author(s)	Novel	Publisher or publication	Ref.
1939	2014	T. H. White*	The Sword in the Stone	William Collins, Sons	[84]
		Edgar Rice Burroughs	Carson of Venus	Argosy	[84]
		E. E. Smith	Galactic Patrol	Astounding Stories	[84]
		Jack Williamson	The Legion of Time	Astounding Science-Fiction	[84]
		C. S. Lewis	Out of the Silent Planet	The Bodley Head	[84]
1941	2016	A. E. van Vogt*	Slan	Astounding Science Fiction	[85]
		E. E. Smith	Gray Lensman	Astounding Science Fiction	[85]
		T. H. White	The Ill-Made Knight	William Collins, Sons	[85]
		Karin Boye	Kallocain	Bonnier Group	[85]
		Jack Williamson	The Reign of Wizardry	Unknown	[85]
1943	2018	Robert A. Heinlein (as Anson MacDonald)*	Beyond This Horizon	Astounding Science Fiction	[86]
		Olaf Stapledon	Darkness and the Light	Methuen Publishing	[86]
		Curt Siodmak	Donovan's Brain	Black Mask	[86]
		Austin Tappan Wright	Islandia	Farrar & Rinehart	[86]
		E. E. Smith	Second Stage Lensmen	Astounding Science Fiction	[86]
		Dorothy Macardle	The Uninvited	Doubleday	[86]
1944	2019	Fritz Leiber*	Conjure Wife	Unknown Worlds	[87]
		C. L. Moore	Earth's Last Citadel	Argosy	[75]
		Henry Kuttner
		Fritz Leiber	Gather, Darkness!	Astounding Science-Fiction	[87]
		Hermann Hesse	Das Glasperlenspiel (The Glass Bead Game)	Fretz & Wasmuth	[87]
		C. S. Lewis	Perelandra	John Lane, The Bodley Head	[87]
		A. E. van Vogt	The Weapon Makers	Astounding Science-Fiction	[87]
1945	2020	Leigh Brackett*	"Shadow Over Mars" (The Nemesis from Terra)	Startling Stories	[88]
		Robert Graves	The Golden Fleece	Cassell	[88]
		Edgar Rice Burroughs	Land of Terror	Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc.	[88]
		Olaf Stapledon	Sirius: A Fantasy of Love and Discord	Secker & Warburg	[88]
		Eric Linklater	The Wind on the Moon	Macmillan Publishers	[88]
		A. E. van Vogt	"The Winged Man"	Astounding Science-Fiction	[88]
		Edna Mayne Hull
1946	1996	Isaac Asimov*	The Mule	Astounding Science-Fiction	[89]
		A. E. van Vogt	The World of Null-A	Astounding Science-Fiction	[89]
		C. S. Lewis	That Hideous Strength (also known as The Tortured Planet)	John Lane	[89]
		Fritz Leiber	Destiny Times Three	Astounding Science-Fiction	[89]
		Edmond Hamilton (as Brett Sterling)	Red Sun of Danger (also known as Danger Planet)	Startling Stories	[89]
1951	2001	Robert A. Heinlein*	Farmer in the Sky	Boys' Life	[90]
		Isaac Asimov	Pebble in the Sky	Doubleday	[90]
		C. S. Lewis	The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe	Geoffrey Bles	[90]
		E. E. Smith	First Lensman	Fantasy Press	[90]
		Jack Vance	The Dying Earth	Hillman Periodicals	[90]
1954	2004	Ray Bradbury*	Fahrenheit 451	Ballantine Books	[91]
		Arthur C. Clarke	Childhood's End	Ballantine Books	[91]
		Hal Clement	Mission of Gravity	Astounding Science-Fiction	[91]
		Isaac Asimov	The Caves of Steel	Galaxy Science Fiction	[91]
		Theodore Sturgeon	More Than Human	Farrar, Straus and Giroux	[91]

See also

• Nebula Award for Best Novel
• List of joint winners of the Hugo and Nebula awards
• List of literary awards
• Locus Award for Best Novel

Notes

1. The 1958 award was officially for "Best Novel or Novelette".^[12] It was won by a novel.
2. Sylva was the first translated work to appear on the Hugo ballot. The translator was not officially recognized until 2019.
3. Dune World was the title of the 1964 serialized novel; when "Dune World" and its sequel, "The Prophet of Dune", were incorporated into the 1965 edition of Dune, the book edition was allowed to be nominated in 1966.^[19]
4. The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress was serialized in 1965–66, and was allowed to be nominated for both years.
5. The entire The Wheel of Time series of novels was nominated as a whole under an interpretation of the rules, confirmed by the World Science Fiction Society, which permit multi-part works to be nominated as long as no individual part (or book) had ever been on the shortlist.
6. Lines of Departure by Marko Kloos was initially nominated for Best Novel in 2015, but was withdrawn by the author after the nominees were announced in protest for being promoted by the Sad Puppies and Rabid Puppies nomination slates, the first time a nominee was withdrawn after announcement. It was replaced on the ballot by The Three-Body Problem by Cixin Liu, the eventual winner.^[70]
7. Cixin Liu's 2015 winner The Three-Body Problem and 2017 nominee Death's End are the only novels for which both the author and the translator (Ken Liu) were officially recognized during the awards process
8. Voting statistics for the 2023 Hugo Awards from the 81st World Science Fiction Convention, which was held in Chengdu, China, later came into question due to the multiple works and people declared ineligible without explanation.^[79][80]