The House of Bethune (French: Maison de Béthunepronounced[mɛzɔ̃dəbetyn]) is a French noble house from the province of Artois in the north of France whose proven filiation dates back to Guillaume de Béthune who made his will in 1213. This family became extinct in 1807 with Maximilien-Alexandre de Béthune, Duke of Sully (1784-1807).[1]
Coat of arms of the Béthune family
There are other families called de Bethune or Bethune, but their links with the house of Bethune are not proven.[2]
Lords of Béthune and advocates of Arras
In 1639 André Du Chesne gave a lineage that went back to 1037,[3] but the proven filiation dates back to Guillaume de Béthune called "Le Roux" who made his will in 1213 and died soon after.[4]
Robert I (died about 1037), called Faisseux, lord of Béthune, Richebourg and Carency and Advocate of Arras, was the first of the house of Bethune, said to be descended from the Counts of Artois.[3]
Robert II, lord of Béthune (died before 1075), elder son of Robert I.[3]
Robert III, lord of Béthune (died 1100), elder son of Robert II.[3]
Baudouin, younger son of Robert I, became Lord of Carency and founder of a separate branch.[3]
Robert IV, lord of Béthune (died 1128), son of Robert III[3]
Guillaume I, lord of Béthune (died 1138), son of Robert IV[3]
Robert V, lord of Béthune (died 1191), called Le Roux, was son of Guillaume I and died during the Third Crusade at Acre in Palestine.[3]
Robert VI, lord of Béthune (died 1194), eldest son of Robert V.[3]
Guillaume II, lord of Béthune (died 1213) (second son of Robert V according to André Du Chesne) married the heiress of Dendermonde.[4]
Daniel (died 1227), eldest son of Guillaume II.[3]
Mathilde or Maud or Mahaut, daughter and heiress of Robert VII, married Guy, Count of Flanders and became mother of Robert III, Count of Flanders, known as Robert of Béthune. The principal honours and lands of the Béthune family went with Mathilde to the Counts of Flanders. A younger son of Guillaume II was Lord of Loker and his family later achieved prominence in France.[3]
Conon (died 1219), fifth son of Robert V, a poet who served on the Fourth Crusade and settled at Adrianople, now Edirne, becoming Regent of the Latin Empire.[3]
Guillaume III (died 1243), a younger son of Guillaume II, was Lord of Loker and Meulebeke.[3]
Guillaume IV (died before 1255), a younger son of Guillaume III, was Lord of Loker and married the heiress of Hébuterne.[3]
Guillaume V, eldest son of Guillaume IV, was Lord of Loker, married Jeanne de Nesle, daughter of Jeanne, Countess of Ponthieu and Aumale and former Queen Consort of Castille and León.[3]
Guillaume VI (died 1340), son of Guillaume V, was Lord of Loker and Hébuterne, married the Lady of Vendeuil.[3]
Jean I (died 1378), younger son of Guillaume VI, was Lord of Vendeuil. He married Jeanne, daughter of Enguerrand VI, Lord of Coucy, Viscount of Meaux.[3]
Robert VIII (died 1408), elder son of Jean I, left three daughters as co-heiresses, among them Jeanne, Viscountess of Meaux, who looked after Joan of Arc during her captivity. The line was continued by his younger brother Jean II.[3]
Maximilien II (1588–1634), son of Maximilien I, was Marquess of Rosny, Prince of Henrichemont and Baron of Bontin.[5]
Maximilien François (1614–1661), son of Maximilien II, was 2nd Duke of Sully.[5]
Maximilien Pierre François (1640–1694), son of Maximilien François, was 3rd Duke of Sully.[5]
Maximilien François Pierre (1664–1712), elder son of Maximilien Pierre François, was 4th Duke of Sully.[5]
Maximilien Henri (1669–1729). younger son of Maximilien Pierre François, was 5th Duke of Sully.[5]
Louis Pierre Maximilien (1685–1751), third cousin of Maximilien Henri, was 6th Duke of Sully.[5]
Maximilien Antoine Armand (1730–1786), first cousin once removed of Louis Pierre Maximilien, was 7th Duke of Sully but called Duc de Béthune.[5]
Maximilien Alexis (1750–1776), elder son of Maximilien Antoine Armand, was 8th Duke of Sully.
Maximilien Gabriel (1756–1807), younger son of Maximilien Antoine Armand, was 9th Duke of Sully
Maximilien III (1784–1807), son of Maximilien Gabriel, was 10th and last Duke of Sully.
Béthune-Orval
François (1598–1678), second son of Maximilien, 1st Duke of Sully, was created Duke of Orval and Peer of France by King Louis XIII but the grant was not registered and so could not pass to his heirs.[5]
Maximilien Alpin (1631–1692), eldest surviving son of François, was Marquess of Béthune and Count of Orval.[5]
Louis Pierre Maximilen (1685–1751), grandson of Maximilien Alpin, became 6th Duke of Sully (see above).[5]
Béthune-Chârost
Arms of Philippe de Béthune
Philippe (1566–1649), younger brother of Maximilien I, Count of Selles, Chârost and Mors, Marquess of Chabris, was a diplomat and art connoisseur who was made a cardinal.[5]
Philippe de Béthune
Henri (1604–1680), second son of Philippe, was Bishop of Bayonne and of Maillezais from 1630, then Archbishop of Bordeaux from 1646.[5]
Louis (1605–1681), third son of Philippe, became 1st Duke of Chârost.[5]
Louis Armand (1640–1717), son of Louis, was 2nd Duke of Chârost.[5]
Armand I (1663–1741), son of Louis Armand, was 3rd Duke of Chârost and Baron of Ancenis.[5]
Paul François (1682–1757), son of Armand I, was 4th Duke of Chârost and 1st Duke of Ancenis.[5]
François Joseph (1719–1739), son of Paul François, was 5th Duke of Chârost and 2nd Duke of Ancenis.[5]
Armand II Joseph (1738–1800), son of François Joseph, was 6th and last Duke of Chârost and 3rd and last Duke of Ancenis, as well as the last inheritor to the title of Count of Roucy.[5]
Béthune-Chabris
Hippolyte I (1603–1665), eldest son of Philippe, was Marquess of Chabris and Count of Selles.[5]
Henri (1632–1690), second son of Hippolyte I, was Count of Selles.[5]
Armand (1635–1703), fourth son of Hippolyte I, was Bishop of Le Puy from 1661.[5]
Hippolyte II (1643–1720), sixth son of Hippolyte I, was Bishop of Verdun from 1681.[5]
Louis (1663–1734), son of Henri, was Count of Béthune.[5]
Louis Armand (1711–1792), son of Louis, was Marquess of Béthune.[5]
Armand Louis (1756–1833), son of Louis Armand, was the last Marquess of Béthune.[5]
Béthune-Selles
François Gaston (1638–1692), 5th son of Hippolyte I, Marquess of Chabris and a Lieutenant-General in the French army, married Marie Louise de La Grange, sister of the Queen Consort of Poland. Two daughters of François Gaston married important members of the Polish–Lithuanianaristocracy and have numerous descendants.[5]
Louis Marie Victor, son of François Gaston (1670–1744), Count of Béthune, was a Field Marshal in the French army and Grand Chamberlain to Stanislaus Leszczyński, former King of Poland, when he became Duke of Lorraine and Bar in 1737.[5]
Joachim Casimir Léon (1724–1769), son of Louis Marie Victor, a Field Marshal in the French army, was the last Count of Béthune.[5]
Béthunes in Poland and Lithuania
Jeanne Marie de Béthune (about 1673–1744), daughter of François Gaston, married Count Jan Stanislaw Jablonowski (1669–1731) and had five children, all of whom married.
Marie Christine Cathérine de Béthune (1677–1721), daughter of François Gaston, was married first to Prince Stanisław Kazimierz Radziwiłł (1648–1690), without children, and then to Prince Aleksander Paweł Sapieha-Rozanski (1671–1734), leaving three married children.
(French) André Du Chesne, Historiographe du Roy (1639). "Histoire Généalogique de la Maison de Béthune, Justifïee par Chartes de diverses Églises & Abbayes, Arrests du Parlement, Titres particuliers, Epitaphes, & autres bonnes Preuves". Aux Cicognes, Rue Saint Jacques, Paris: Sebastien Cramoisy, Imprimeur ordinaire du Roy. pp.75 et seq.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
(French) de La Chenaye-Desbois; François Alexandre Aubert (1771). "Dictionnaire de la Noblesse, Contenant les Généalogies, l'Histoire & la Chronologie des Familles Nobles de France" (2ed.). Paris. p.418 et seq.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
Bethune, Sir Alexander Maitland Sharp, Baronet (1997). Fife Sharps and Bethunes. London.
Burke, John (1836). A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland Enjoying Territorial Possessions or High Official Rank but Uninvested with Heritable Honours. London.
Burke, John, and Burke, John Bernard (1847). A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland. London.
(French) Cayet, Pierre Victor Palma (1603). L'Oraison Funèbre du haut et puissant Monseigneur reverendissime l'Archevesque de Glasco, Melort James de Béthune. Paris.
Clark, James Toshach (1900). Genealogical Collections Concerning Families in Scotland Made by Walter Macfarlane 1750–1751. Edited from the Original Manuscripts in The Advocates' Library. Vol 1, Edinburgh.
Conolly, M. F. (1866). Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Men of Fife, of Past ond Present Times, Natives of ihe County, or Connected with It by Property, Residence, Office, Marriage, or Otherwise. Edinburgh.
(French) De La Chenaye-Desbois, François Alexandre (1771). Dictionnaire de la Noblesse, 2nd ed, vol 2. Paris.
(French) De La Chenaye-Desbois, François Alexandre (1864). Dictionnaire de la Noblesse, 3rd ed, vol 3. Paris, Schlesinger.
Farrer, William (1923) Honors and knights' fees: an attempt to identify the component parts of certain honors and to trace the descent of the tenants of the same who held by knight's service or serjeanty from the eleventh to the fourteenth century. Vol 3 London, Spottiswoode, Ballantyne & Co.
Gordon, John (editor) (1845). The New Statistical Account of Scotland, Volume 9: Fife & Kinross. The Society for the Benefit of the Sons and Daughters of the Clergy.
Lennox, Charlotte (translator) (1756).Memoirs of Maximilian de Béthune, duke of Sully, prime minister to Henry the Great. Containing the history of the life and reign of that monarch, and his own administration under him, Vol 1. London.
Lyell, James Patrick Ronaldson (1894), in Hallen, Reverend A W Cornelius, editor The Scottish Antiquary, or Northern Notes & Queries, Vol 8. Edinburgh.
MacGeorge, Andrew (1834). Miscellaneous Papers Principally Illustrative of Events in the Reigns of Queen Mary and King James VI Presented to the Maitland Club. Edinburgh.
(French) Moréri, Louis (1731). Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique. Basel.
(German) Schwennicke, Reverend Detlev (1979). Europäische Stammtafeln, Band VII, Tafel 57–61. Frankfurt am Main, Vittorio Klostermann.
Weisse, Jane Lee Hunt (1866). Records, Genealogical Charts, and Traditions of the Families of Bethune and Faneuil from Authentic Documents including Records of the Families of Hunt and Weisse. New York.
Whyte, Reverend Thomas (1778). An Historical and Genealogical Account of the Bethunes of the Island of Sky. Edinburgh.
Wood, Reverend Walter (1862). The East Neuk of Fife: History And Antiquities, Geology, Botany, And Natural History In General. Edinburgh.
Wood, Reverend Walter, and Wood Brown, Reverend James (1887). The East Neuk of Fife Its History and Antiquities. Edinburgh.
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