GSAT

This article is about the Indian telecommunications and broadcasting satellites. For the navigation satellites, see Galileo navigation system. For the algorithm for propositional Boolean satisfiability, see WalkSAT. For the Taiwanese university entrance exam, see General Scholastic Ability Test.

Not to be confused with G Sat, a Philippine satellite television provider.

The GSAT (Geosynchronous Satellite)^[1] satellites are India's indigenously developed communications satellites, used for digital audio, data and video broadcasting. As of 5 December 2018, 20 GSAT satellites manufactured by ISRO have been launched, out of which 14 are in service.

GSAT

The GSAT-7A, a military communications satellite, in deployed configuration
Manufacturer	ISRO
Country of origin	India
Operator	INSAT
Applications	Communications
Specifications
Regime	Geostationary orbit
Production
Status	In service
Launched	20
Operational	14
Retired	6

History

The GSAT series of geosynchronous satellites is a system developed by ISRO with an objective to make India self-reliant in broadcasting services. The system includes a total of 168 transponders (out of which 95 are leased out to provide services to broadcasters) in the C, Extended C and K_u bands, providing services to telecommunications, television broadcasting, weather forecasting, disaster warning and search and rescue operations.

List of GSAT satellites

This is a list of GSAT satellites and their status.

List of GSAT satellites

Satellite			Longitude	Date of launch	Launch vehicle	Lift-off mass	Status	Notes
GSAT series	INSAT series	Known as
GSAT-1	-	GramSat 1[2]	73° West (2000) 99° West (2000–2006) 76.85° West (2006–2009)	18 April 2001	GSLV Mk I D1	1,540 kg (3,400 lb)	Failed to orbit (Experimental satellite)	Envisaged as a technology demonstrator; Failed to achieve its target orbit, which prevented it from fulfilling its primary communications mission.
GSAT-2	-	GramSat 2[3]	47.95° East	8 May 2003	GSLV Mk I D2	1,825 kg (4,023 lb)	Decommissioned (Experimental satellite)	Experimental communication satellite on board the second developmental test flight of India's GSLV.
GSAT-3	-	EduSat	74° East	20 September 2004	GSLV Mk I F01	1,950 kg (4,300 lb)	Decommissioned (30 September 2010)	Built exclusively to serve the educational sector. It was mainly intended to meet the demand for an interactive satellite-based distance education system for the country.
GSAT-4	-	HealthSat	82° East	15 April 2010	GSLV Mk II D3	2,220 kg (4,890 lb)	Failed to orbit	Experimental communication and navigation satellite; maiden flight of the GSLV Mk.II rocket.
GSAT-5	INSAT-4D[4]				GSLV Mk II	2,250 kg (4,960 lb)	Cancelled	Rebuilt as the GSAT-5P.
GSAT-5P	-		55° East	25 December 2010	GSLV Mk I F06	2,310 kg (5,090 lb)	Failed to orbit	As a replacement for INSAT-3E.
GSAT-6	INSAT-4E		83° East	27 August 2015	GSLV Mk II D6	2,132 kg (4,700 lb)	In service	A multimedia mobile satellite system; will offer a Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (S-DMB) service, via mobile phones and mobile video/audio receivers for vehicles; can also be utilized for strategic and social applications.
GSAT-6A	-			29 March 2018	GSLV Mk II F08	2,140 kg (4,720 lb)	Communication lost	Communication with the satellite was lost after the second orbit raising manoeuvre. Efforts are on to re-establish link but at this point it remains incommunicado.[5]
GSAT-7	INSAT-4F[6]	Rukmani	74° East	30 August 2013	Ariane 5 ECA VA-215	2,650 kg (5,840 lb)	In service	According to defense experts, to enable the Indian Navy to acquire blue water capabilities and remove dependence on foreign satellites like Inmarsat, which provide communication services to its ships.
GSAT-7A	-	Angry Bird		19 December 2018	GSLV Mk II F11	2,250 kg (4,960 lb)	In service	GSAT-7A is an advanced military communications satellite meant exclusively for the Indian Air Force.
GSAT-7B	-			20XX	GSLV Mk II F?		Planned	Military communication satellite for Indian Army[7]
GSAT-7C	-			20XX	GSLV Mk II F?		Planned	Military communication satellite for Indian Air Force[8]
GSAT-7S	-			20XX	GSLV Mk II		Planned	Military communication satellite for Indian Air Force[9]
GSAT-7R	-			20XX	GSLV Mk II F?		Planned	Replacement for GSAT-7 Rukmini for Indian Navy[10]
GSAT-8	INSAT-4G	GramSat 8[11]	55° East	20 May 2011	Ariane 5 ECA VA-202	3,093 kg (6,819 lb)	In service	To augment the capacity in the INSAT system; the GAGAN payload provides the Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS), through which the accuracy of the positioning information obtained from the IRNSS satellites is improved by a network of ground-based receivers and made available to users in the country through the geostationary satellites.
GSAT-9	-	South Asia Satellite	48° East	5 May 2017	GSLV Mk II F09	2,330 kg (5,140 lb)	In service	Carried GAGAN navigation payload, a regional NAVIC navigational system developed by India, that provides navigational services to the security forces and air traffic control organizations.
GSAT-10	-		83° East	29 September 2012[12]	Ariane 5 ECA VA-209	3,435 kg (7,573 lb)	In service	To augment telecommunication, direct-to-home and radio navigation services.
GSAT-11	-		74° East	4 December 2018	Ariane 5 ECA VA-246	5854 kg (12,906 lb)	In service	Aimed at providing advanced telecom and direct-to-home services in the country. Heaviest satellite built by India.
GSAT-12	-	GramSat 12[13]	83° East	15 July 2011	PSLV-XL C17	1,412 kg (3,113 lb)	Decommissioned (March 2023)	Replacement of the INSAT-3B; to provide services like tele-education, telemedicine, disaster management support and satellite internet access. Only GSAT satellite to be launched by PSLV.
GSAT-12R	-	CMS-01	83° East	17 December 2020	PSLV-XL C50	1,425 kg (3,142 lb)	In Service	Replacement satellite of GSAT-12.
GSAT-14	-		75° East	5 January 2014	GSLV Mk.II D5	1,982 kg (4,370 lb)	In service	To replace the GSAT-3 satellite; launched by a GSLV Mk.II, which incorporated an Indian-built cryogenic engine on the third stage.
GSAT-15	-		93.5° East	10 November 2015	Ariane 5 ECA VA-227	3,100 kg (6,800 lb)	In service	Similar to GSAT-10 satellite; to augment the capacity of transponders to provide more bandwidth for direct-to-home television and VSAT services.
GSAT-16	-		55° East	6 December 2014	Ariane 5 ECA VA-221	3,150 kg (6,940 lb)	In service[14]	The communication payloads provide a combination of total 48 transponders across the three frequency bands (24 in Normal C band, 12 in Extended-C band and 12 in Ku-band) along with a Ku-band beacon transmitter, which is the highest for an Indian satellite. The spacecraft will be co-located with GSAT-8 at 55 deg E.
GSAT-17	-		93.5° East	28 June 2017	Ariane 5 ECA VA-238	3,477 kg (7,551 lb)	In service[15]	Payload includes 24 C-band, 2 lower C-band, 12 upper C-band, 2 CxS (C-band up/S-band down), and 1 SxC (S-band up/C-band down) transponders as well as a dedicated transponder for data relay (DRT) and search-and-rescue (SAR) services.
GSAT-18	-		74° East	5 October 2016	Ariane 5 ECA VA-231	3,404 kg (7,505 lb)	In service[15]	To provide services in Normal C-band, Upper Extended C-band and Ku bands of the frequency spectrum.[16]
GSAT-19	-		48° East	5 June 2017	LVM3 D1	3,136 kg (6,914 lb)	In service[17]	Maiden (developmental) flight of GSLV Mark III
GSAT-20	-	CMS-03 GSAT-N2	55° East	Q2 2024	Falcon 9 Block 5	5,300 kg (11,684 lb)	Planned[18]
GSAT-22	-			2024	LVM3		Planned[19]
GSAT-23	-			2024	LVM3		Planned[19]
GSAT-24	-	CMS-02 GSAT-N1	48° East	22 June 2022	Ariane 5 ECA VA-257	4,181 kg (9,218 lb)	In Service
GSAT-29	-		55° East	14 November 2018	LVM3 D2	3,423 kg (7,546 lb)	In service[20]	Second developmental flight of GSLV Mark III
GSAT-30			83° East	17 January 2020	Ariane 5 ECA VA-251	3,547 kg (7,820 lb)	In Service[21]	Replacement satellite for INSAT-4A
GSAT-31			48° East	6 February 2019	Ariane 5 ECA VA-247	2,535 kg (5,589 lb)	In Service[22]
GSAT-32		GSAT-N3		Q1 2025	LVM3	4,500 kg (9,900 lb)	Planned[19]	Replacement of GSAT–6A.

See also

• Spaceflight portal
• India portal

• Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)
• Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)
• List of Indian satellites
• List of Satish Dhawan Space Centre launches

References

1. "ISRO GeoStationary Satellites". isro.org. Archived from the original on 11 February 2014.
2. "GSAT 1". NASA. 16 August 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
3. "GSAT 2". NASA. 16 August 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
4. "GSat 5 (Insat 4D)". Gunter's Space Page. 29 March 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
5. "The second orbit raising operation of GSAT-6A satellite has been successfully carried out by LAM Engine firing for about 53 minutes on March 31, 2018 in the morning. - ISRO". Archived from the original on August 4, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
6. "GSAT 7". NASA. 16 August 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
7. "Military communication satellite for Indian Army approved". Deccen Herald. 22 March 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
8. "Defence ministry clears proposal for GSAT-7C satellite for IAF: A look at other military satellites in India". Firstpost. 24 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
9. "GSAT-7S". reddit. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
10. Pubby, Manu (18 July 2019). "Navy to buy Rs 1,589 crore satellite from ISRO". Economic Times. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
11. "GSAT 8". NASA. 16 August 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
12. "GSAT 10". NASA. 16 August 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
13. "GSAT 12". NASA. 16 August 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
14. "Ariane 5 delivers DIRECTV-14 and GSAT-16 to orbit on Arianespace's latest mission success". Archived from the original on 11 December 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
15. "Annual Report 2015-2016" (PDF). Indian Space Research Organisation. December 2015. p. 28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-07-05.
16. "GSAT-18 launched successfully on board Ariane-5 from Kourou in French Guiana". 2016-10-06. Retrieved 2016-10-06.
17. "Now, ISRO successfully puts GSAT-19 satellite in orbit with GSLV Mk-III". The New Indian Express. 5 June 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
18. "Falcon 9 Block 5 - GSAT-20". Next Spaceflight. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
19. Kumar, Chethan (5 October 2021). "Space PSU NSIL to launch 4 more demand-driven communication satellites". The Times of India. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
20. ISRO successfully launches the GSAT-29 satellite from Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota on Wednesday. Bangalore Mirror. 14 November 2018.
21. "India's communication satellite GSAT-30 launched successfully". ISRO. Archived from the original on 30 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
22. "India's 40th Communication Satellite, GSAT-31, Launched". NDTV. Retrieved 6 February 2019.

External links

• ISRO GeoStationary Satellites