Foreign relations of Dominica

Like its Eastern Caribbean neighbours, the main priority of Dominica's foreign relations is economic development. The country maintains missions in Washington, New York, London, and Brussels and is represented jointly with other Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) members in Canada. Dominica is also a member of the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB), Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, and the Commonwealth of Nations. It became a member of the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1978 and of the World Bank and Organization of American States (OAS) in 1979.

As a member of CARICOM, in July 1994 Dominica strongly backed efforts by the United States to implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 940, designed to facilitate the departure of Haiti's de facto authorities from power. The country agreed to contribute personnel to the multinational force, which restored the democratically elected government of Haiti in October 1994.

In May 1997, Prime Minister James joined 14 other Caribbean leaders, and President Clinton, during the first-ever U.S.-regional summit in Bridgetown, Barbados. The summit strengthened the basis for regional cooperation on justice and counternarcotics issues, finance and development, and trade. Dominica previously maintained official relations with the Republic of China (commonly known as "Taiwan") instead of the People's Republic of China, but on 23 March 2004, a joint communique was signed in Beijing, paving the way for diplomatic recognition of the People's Republic. Beijing responded to Dominica's severing relations with the Republic of China by giving them a $12 million aid package, which includes $6 million in budget support for the year 2004 and $1 million annually for six years.

In June 2020, Dominica was one of 53 countries backing the Hong Kong national security law at the United Nations.^[1]

Dominica is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

International disputes

Dominica claims Venezuelan waters around controlled Isla Aves (Known in Dominica as Bird Rock) located roughly 90 km. west of Dominica.^[2]

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Dominica maintains diplomatic relations with

#	Country	Date
1	Antigua and Barbuda	Unknown
2	Bahamas	Unknown
3	Grenada	Unknown
4	Haiti	Unknown
5	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Unknown
6	Barbados	3 November 1978[3]
7	Guyana	3 November 1978[4]
8	Jamaica	3 November 1978[5]
9	South Korea	3 November 1978[6]
10	Japan	12 November 1978[7]
11	United Kingdom	13 December 1978[8]
12	France	17 January 1979[9]
13	Israel	January 1979[10]
14	Suriname	1 March 1979[11]
15	Canada	14 March 1979[12]
16	Mexico	19 April 1979[13]
17	Luxembourg	1 May 1979[14]
18	United States	18 July 1979[15]
19	Venezuela	21 December 1979[16]
20	Saint Lucia	1979[17]
21	Colombia	3 June 1980[18]
22	Spain	29 September 1980[19]
23	Germany	9 December 1980[20]
24	Belgium	1980[21]
25	Netherlands	1980[22]
—	Holy See	1 September 1981[23]
26	Belize	21 September 1981[24]
27	India	28 March 1982[25]
28	Australia	1982[26]
29	Trinidad and Tobago	June 1983[27]
30	Saint Kitts and Nevis	1983[28]
31	Sweden	3 May 1984[29]
32	Italy	23 March 1985[30]
33	Argentina	13 June 1985[31]
34	Peru	18 March 1986[32]
35	Brazil	9 April 1986[33]
36	North Korea	21 January 1991[34]
37	Chile	4 October 1991[35]
38	Slovenia	9 July 1993[36]
39	Indonesia	19 April 1994[37]
40	Russia	19 May 1995[38]
41	Czech Republic	13 March 1996[35]
42	Cuba	18 May 1996[39]
43	North Macedonia	18 October 1996[40]
44	Portugal	27 December 1996[35]
45	South Africa	29 April 1998[41]
46	Austria	1999[42][43]
47	Libya	15 January 2001[35]
48	Norway	26 March 2001[44]
49	Costa Rica	10 May 2001[35]
50	Ireland	6 July 2001[35]
51	Cyprus	13 July 2001[35]
52	Nigeria	2002[26]
53	Mauritius	23 September 2003[35]
54	Qatar	20 February 2004[35]
55	China	23 March 2004[45]
56	Iceland	29 June 2004[35]
57	Belarus	9 July 2004[46]
58	Maldives	21 July 2004[35]
59	Malta	11 February 2005[47]
60	Greece	15 November 2005[35]
61	Thailand	25 November 2005[48]
62	Switzerland	2005[49]
63	Slovakia	7 February 2006[35]
64	Turkey	13 April 2006[35]
65	Algeria	22 June 2006[35]
66	Estonia	13 February 2007[50]
67	Botswana	23 July 2007[35]
68	Latvia	27 September 2007[51]
69	Hungary	2 June 2008[35]
70	Dominican Republic	23 July 2008[52]
71	Saudi Arabia	23 January 2009[35]
72	Senegal	28 January 2009[35]
73	Romania	30 January 2009[35]
74	Monaco	27 February 2009[53]
75	Nicaragua	2 June 2009[35]
76	Poland	4 June 2009[35]
77	Ecuador	24 June 2009[35]
78	Guatemala	12 August 2009[35]
79	Finland	19 August 2009[54]
80	Ethiopia	2009[55]
81	Serbia	22 April 2010[35]
82	Cambodia	27 April 2010[35]
83	Morocco	23 June 2010[35]
84	Egypt	7 July 2010[35]
85	Georgia	15 December 2010[35]
86	Montenegro	25 February 2011[35]
87	Uruguay	1 March 2011[56]
88	Azerbaijan	4 March 2011[35]
89	Solomon Islands	7 March 2011[57]
90	Tajikistan	13 April 2011[35]
91	Bulgaria	28 April 2011[35]
92	Philippines	29 April 2011[35]
93	Mongolia	18 October 2011[35]
94	Panama	15 March 2012[58]
95	Moldova	29 May 2012[59]
96	Bolivia	5 June 2012[60]
97	Singapore	6 June 2012[61]
98	Gambia	26 July 2012[35]
99	Tuvalu	26 July 2012[35]
—	Kosovo	12 December 2012[62]
100	Croatia	20 April 2013[35]
101	Kazakhstan	30 April 2013[35]
102	El Salvador	5 June 2013[63]
103	Lithuania	7 October 2013[35]
104	Vietnam	1 November 2013[35]
105	Bosnia and Herzegovina	6 March 2014[35]
106	Fiji	21 March 2014[35]
107	New Zealand	26 March 2014[64]
108	Honduras	5 June 2014[65]
109	United Arab Emirates	17 December 2014[35]
110	Malaysia	19 January 2015[66]
111	Paraguay	5 March 2015[67]
112	Turkmenistan	13 October 2016[35]
113	Kyrgyzstan	17 October 2016[35]
114	Djibouti	9 January 2018[68]
115	Ghana	18 January 2018[35]
116	Kiribati	22 January 2018[35]
—	State of Palestine	18 March 2018[69]
117	Sri Lanka	17 April 2018[35]
118	Ivory Coast	17 May 2018[70]
119	Iran	2018[71]
120	Palau	2018[71]
121	Denmark	20 February 2019[71][72]
122	Armenia	5 April 2019[73]
123	Ukraine	25 April 2019[74]
124	Cape Verde	15 May 2019[35]
125	Brunei	22 January 2020[35]
126	Kenya	1 July 2020[75]
127	Bangladesh	24 November 2020[35]
128	Rwanda	15 April 2021[35]
129	Afghanistan	27 April 2021[76]
130	Andorra	30 April 2021[35]
131	Nepal	30 April 2021[35]
132	Uganda	4 May 2021[35]
133	Eritrea	11 May 2021[35]
134	Uzbekistan	14 May 2021[77]
135	San Marino	16 June 2021[78]
136	Seychelles	23 June 2021[79]
137	Laos	29 July 2021[35]
138	Sudan	13 August 2021[80]
139	Kuwait	10 September 2021[35]
140	Vanuatu	20 September 2021[35]
141	East Timor	15 November 2021[35]
—	Syria (suspended)	7 March 2022[35][81]
142	Bahrain	23 September 2022[35]
143	Gabon	14 March 2023[82]
144	Pakistan	6 February 2024[35]
145	Benin	24 September 2024[83]
146	Tonga	25 October 2024[84]

Bilateral relations

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Australia		Australia is represented in Dominica through its High Commission in Trinidad and Tobago.[85]
Austria		Since 2016, Austria is represented in Dominica by its embassy in Havana, Cuba.[86][87] Dominica idoes not have any representation in Austria.[88][89]
Azerbaijan	2011	Azerbaijan and Dominica have established diplomatic relations in 2011.[90] Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit made an official visit to Azerbaijan later this year.[91]
Belize	1981	Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 21 September 1981.[92][93] Both countries are full members of both Commonwealth of Nations and Association of Caribbean States.
Bulgaria		Bulgaria is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Cuba.[94]
Canada	1978	Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1978.[95] Bilateral relations are described as "close and friendly."[96] Canada is represented in Dominica, through its High Commission in Barbados.[96]
Colombia	1980[97]	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1980. Colombia is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Kingston, Jamaica.[98]
Chile		Both countries have diplomatic relations. Both countries waived visa for diplomatic passports holders.[99]
Croatia	2013[100]	Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Croatia and the Commonwealth of Dominica was signed on 30 July 2013.[100]
People's Republic of China	2004[101]	Diplomatic relations were established on 31 March 2004, when Dominica suspended ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan).[102]
Cuba	1996	In December 2005, during the second CARICOM/CUBA summit held in Barbados, heads of CARICOM and Cuba agreed to deepen their ties in the areas of socio-economic and political cooperation in addition to medical care assistance. Since the meeting, Cuba has opened four additional embassies in the Caribbean Community including Dominica.[103]
Cyprus	2001[104]	Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. A Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Cyprus and the Commonwealth of Dominica was signed on 13 June 2001 in New York[104]
Finland	2009[105]	Finland recognised Dominica on 23 February 1979. Diplomatic relations were established on 19 August 2009.[105]
France	1979[106]	France is represented in Dominica, through its embassy in Saint Lucia. Dominica and France have signed many bilateral agreements.[107]
Germany	1980	Both countries have diplomatic relations since 1980.[108] Political and economic relations are friendly but fairly low-key.[109]
Greece	2005[110]	Diplomatic relations were established on 15 November 2005. Greece is represented in Dominica via parallel accreditation of its embassy in Caracas. Dominica has appointed an ambassador accredited to Greece, based in Roseau, Dominica.[110]
Grenada		Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations, of the Organization of American States and of the Caribbean Community.
Guyana	1978	Dominica and Guyana have established diplomatic relations on 3 November 1978.[111] Guyana has a High Commission in Roseau.[112]
Honduras	2014	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 June 2014[113] during the General Assembly of the Organization of American States in Asunción.
Hungary		Hungary is represented in Dominica by its embassy in Havana, Cuba.[114][115]
Iceland		Both countries established diplomatic relations in 2004.[116] Iceland is represented in Dominica through its embassy in New York, United States. Both countries have an agreement on cooperation on geothermal energy.[117]
Ireland		Ireland is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Havana, Cuba.[118][119]
India	1981	See Dominica–India relations Dominica and India established diplomatic relation in 1981.[120] Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Indonesia		Indonesia is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela[121]
Israel	1979	Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1979.[122] Israel is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Both countries have an agreement on visa abolition.[123]
Italy		Italy is represented in Dominica by its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.[124]
Japan	1978[125]	Diplomatic relations were established in December 1978.[125] Japan is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Trinidad and Tobago .[126]
North Korea	1978	Since November 1978, the bilateral relations have been cordial and fruitful.[127]
Malaysia		Malaysia is represented in Dominica by its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.[128][129] Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Malta	2005[130]	Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Diplomatic relations were established on 11 February 2005 in New York.[130]
Maldives	2004	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 July 2004.[131] Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Mexico	3 April 1979	See Dominica–Mexico relations Dominica is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States. Mexico is accredited to Dominica from its embassy in Castries, Saint Lucia and maintains an honorary consulate in Roseau.[132]
Monaco		Dominica is represented in Monaco through it embassy in Paris, France.[133]
Netherlands		Dominica is represented in the Netherlands by its embassy in London, United Kingdom.[134] The Netherlands are represented in Dominica by their embassy in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.[135]
New Zealand		New Zealand is represented in Dominica by its High Commission in Bridgetown, Barbados.[136][137] Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Norway	2001	Dominica and Norway established diplomatic relation on 26 March 2001.[138] Both countries have signed an Agreement concerning the exchange of information relating to tax matters[139] which came into force on 1 January 2012[140]
Russia	1995	Dominica and Russia have established diplomatic relations on 19 May 1995.[141] In April 2018, Dominica has appointed a resident ambassador to the Russia.[142]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines		Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations, of the Organization of American States and of the Caribbean Community.
Slovakia		Slovakia is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Havana.[143][144]
Slovenia		Dominica is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in London.[145]
South Africa	1998[146]	Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Diplomatic relations were established on 29 April 1998.[146]
South Korea	1978	Since November 1978, the bilateral relations have been cordial and fruitful.[147]
Suriname		Both countries are full members of the Organization of American States and of the Caribbean Community.
Switzerland	1988[148]	Diplomatic and economic relations between Switzerland and Dominica are of minor importance.[148]
Turkey	3 Nov. 1978[149]	The Embassy of Turkey in Santo Domingo is accredited to Dominica.[150] Trade volume between the two countries was US$1.6 million in 2019.[150]
Ukraine	2019	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 April 2019.[151][152][153][154] They also signed a visa waver agreement.[155]
United Kingdom	1979	On 3 November 1978, Dominica received independence from the United Kingdom as a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations.
United States	1979	See Dominica–United States relations The United States and Dominica have friendly relations. United States supports the Dominican government's efforts to expand its economic base and to provide a higher standard of living for its citizens. U.S. assistance is primarily channeled through multilateral agencies such as the World Bank and the Caribbean Development Bank, as well as through the U.S. Agency for International Development office in Bridgetown, Barbados.
Venezuela	1979	President of Venezuela Hugo Chávez visited Dominica in 2007.[156] Dominica has once claimed the Venezuelan island Isla Aves, but the claim was stopped as Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit has declared that Isla Aves belongs to Venezuela.

Dominica and the Commonwealth of Nations

The Commonwealth of Dominica has been a member of the Commonwealth of Nations since 1978, when it became an independent from the United Kingdom as a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations.

Dominica's highest court of appeal is the Caribbean Court of Justice, in effect from 6 March 2015. Previously, the nation's ultimate court of appeal was the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London.^[157]

See also

• West Indies Associated States
• Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
• List of diplomatic missions in Dominica
• List of diplomatic missions of Dominica
• Dominica–France Maritime Delimitation Agreement

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 This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.

External links

• The United States Department of State - The Commonwealth of Dominica