Foreign relations of Chile

Since its return to democracy in 1990, Chile has been an active participant in the regional and international arena.^[1] Chile assumed a two-year non-permanent position on the UN Security Council in January 2003 and was re-elected to the council in October 2013.^[2] It is also an active member of the UN family of agencies, serving as a member of the Commission on Human Rights and participating in UN peacekeeping activities. Chile hosted the second Summit of the Americas in 1998, was the chair of the Rio Group in 2001, hosted the Defense Ministerial of the Americas in 2002, and the APEC summit and related meetings in 2004. In 2005 it hosted the Community of Democracies ministerial conference. It is an associate member of Mercosur and a full member of APEC. The OECD agreed to invite Chile to be among four countries to open discussions in becoming an official member.^[3]

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Chile maintains diplomatic relations with:^[4][5]

#	Country	Date
1	United States	6 July 1822
2	Colombia	28 August 1822
3	Peru	8 October 1822[6]
4	United Kingdom	14 September 1823[7]
5	Argentina	30 January 1827[8]
6	Mexico	7 March 1831[9]
7	Ecuador	26 April 1835[10]
8	Brazil	22 April 1836[11]
9	Guatemala	8 August 1840[12]
10	Paraguay	22 July 1843[13]
11	France	15 September 1846[14]
12	Venezuela	14 April 1853[15]
13	Italy	28 June 1856[16]
14	Nicaragua	March 1857[17]
15	Costa Rica	1858[18]
16	Belgium	31 August 1858[19]
17	El Salvador	10 April 1860[20]
18	Honduras	29 March 1866[18]
19	Uruguay	9 July 1869[21]
20	Netherlands	9 January 1872[22]
21	Bolivia	20 April 1873[23]
—	Holy See	15 December 1877[24]
22	Portugal	28 February 1879[25]
23	Spain	12 June 1883[26]
24	Sweden	14 June 1895[27]
25	Japan	25 September 1897[28]
26	Switzerland	31 October 1897[29]
27	Denmark	4 February 1899[30]
28	Cuba	19 October 1903[31]
29	Iran	16 January 1908[32]
30	Panama	1 March 1908[33]
31	Norway	9 June 1919[34]
32	Greece	20 October 1920[35]
33	Poland	7 December 1920[36]
34	Czech Republic	19 July 1924[37]
35	Dominican Republic	6 January 1925[38]
36	Romania	5 February 1925[39]
37	Turkey	30 January 1926[40]
38	Austria	10 August 1927[41]
39	Egypt	5 July 1929[42]
40	Hungary	14 November 1930[43]
41	Finland	20 February 1931[44]
42	Bulgaria	1935[45]
43	Canada	28 August 1941
44	Haiti	7 June 1943[46]
45	Lebanon	28 June 1945[47]
46	Liberia	19 July 1945
47	Saudi Arabia	6 September 1945[47][48]
48	Ethiopia	16 October 1945
49	Syria	22 October 1945[49][50]
50	Australia	27 December 1945
51	Iraq	31 December 1945[49]
52	New Zealand	1948
53	South Africa	May 1948[51]
54	Pakistan	5 February 1949[52]
55	India	March 1949[53]
56	Israel	16 May 1950[54]
57	Serbia	2 November 1950[55]
58	Germany	14 February 1952[56]
59	Jordan	1954[57]
—	Sovereign Military Order of Malta	1956[58]
60	Kuwait	13 September 1961[59]
61	Nigeria	5 October 1961
62	Ghana	6 October 1961
63	Morocco	6 October 1961[60]
64	Tunisia	6 October 1961[60]
65	South Korea	18 April 1962
66	Cyprus	26 June 1962[61]
67	Philippines	17 July 1962
68	Afghanistan	11 September 1962[62]
69	Thailand	9 October 1962
70	Sri Lanka	1962[63]
71	Nepal	1962[64]
72	Algeria	4 June 1963[65]
73	Senegal	4 June 1963[66]
74	Luxembourg	10 August 1963[67]
75	Guinea	26 August 1963
76	Mali	5 September 1963
77	Iceland	6 November 1963[68]
78	Jamaica	18 December 1963[69]
79	Trinidad and Tobago	3 February 1964[69]
80	Uganda	10 March 1964
81	Sudan	13 March 1964
82	Cameroon	11 August 1964
83	Zambia	29 July 1965
84	Indonesia	29 September 1965
85	Mauritania	10 December 1965
86	Barbados	3 October 1967[69]
87	China	15 December 1970
88	Vietnam	25 March 1971[70]
89	Libya	20 May 1971
90	Tanzania	12 June 1971
91	Guyana	22 July 1971[69]
92	Albania	10 September 1971[71]
93	Equatorial Guinea	8 November 1971[71]
94	Madagascar	23 December 1971
95	Democratic Republic of the Congo	31 March 1972
96	Republic of the Congo	1 June 1972
97	Fiji	11 October 1972
98	Guinea-Bissau	23 August 1974[72]
99	Grenada	20 May 1975[73][74]
100	Kenya	September 1975[72]
101	Oman	23 February 1976[75]
102	Cambodia	1 June 1976[76]
103	Papua New Guinea	19 August 1976
104	Suriname	7 May 1977[77]
105	United Arab Emirates	23 June 1978[78]
106	Samoa	24 August 1978
107	Eswatini	25 September 1978
108	Gabon	29 September 1978[79]
109	Malaysia	26 February 1979
110	Ivory Coast	8 March 1979
111	Singapore	26 July 1979
112	Tonga	1 October 1979
113	Tuvalu	30 July 1980
114	Kiribati	20 January 1981
115	Nauru	6 February 1981
116	Myanmar	22 April 1982[80]
117	Qatar	9 June 1982[81]
118	Brunei	1 January 1983[82]
119	Bahrain	6 February 1983[83]
120	Bangladesh	June 1983[82]
121	Maldives	1 March 1987[84]
122	Mauritius	30 September 1988
123	São Tomé and Príncipe	5 May 1989
124	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	7 September 1989[85]
125	Malta	11 December 1989[86]
126	Saint Kitts and Nevis	1989[69]
127	Marshall Islands	25 January 1990
128	Federated States of Micronesia	31 March 1990
129	Belize	15 May 1990[85]
130	Mongolia	22 June 1990[85]
131	Mozambique	25 July 1990
132	Angola	8 August 1990
133	Antigua and Barbuda	10 August 1990[87]
134	Vanuatu	10 September 1990
135	Namibia	16 October 1990
136	Malawi	30 November 1990[88]
137	Bahamas	4 December 1990[89]
138	Saint Lucia	21 March 1991[90]
139	Rwanda	20 September 1991[91]
140	Latvia	26 September 1991[85]
141	Estonia	27 September 1991[85]
142	Dominica	4 October 1991[85]
143	Seychelles	30 October 1991[85]
144	Lithuania	5 December 1991[85]
145	Laos	6 December 1991[92]
146	Russia	26 December 1991
147	Belarus	January 1992[93]
148	Ukraine	28 January 1992[85]
149	Slovenia	15 April 1992[94]
150	Croatia	15 April 1992[95]
151	Zimbabwe	26 May 1992[96]
152	Ireland	1 June 1992[97]
153	Georgia	8 June 1992[98]
154	North Korea	25 September 1992[85]
155	Burkina Faso	29 September 1992
156	Slovakia	1 January 1993[99]
157	Moldova	12 May 1993[100]
158	Kazakhstan	19 August 1993[101]
159	Armenia	15 December 1993[102]
160	Turkmenistan	27 July 1994[103]
161	Uzbekistan	15 September 1994[104]
162	Azerbaijan	3 November 1994[105]
163	Andorra	15 July 1996[85]
164	Liechtenstein	2 October 1996[106]
165	Bosnia and Herzegovina	31 October 1996[107]
166	Botswana	13 October 1997
167	Lesotho	25 August 1998
168	Kyrgyzstan	9 August 1999[85]
169	Cape Verde	20 October 1999
170	Palau	24 November 1999[108]
171	East Timor	16 September 2002[85]
172	Tajikistan	15 December 2004[109]
173	Montenegro	24 July 2006[110]
174	Monaco	23 January 2008[111]
175	North Macedonia	15 September 2008[112]
176	San Marino	11 July 2009[113]
177	Benin	25 August 2010[114]
178	Djibouti	22 January 2011[115]
—	State of Palestine	25 February 2011[116]
179	Togo	30 September 2015[117]
180	Central African Republic	2 March 2016[118]
—	Cook Islands	3 August 2016[119]
181	Chad	26 September 2018[120]
—	Niue	6 July 2021[121]
182	Solomon Islands	19 September 2023[85]

Bilateral relations

Africa

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Kenya	September 1975	See Chile–Kenya relations Chile has an embassy in Nairobi. Kenya is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
Libya	20 May 1971	See Chile–Libya relations Chile is accredited to Libya from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt. Libya has an embassy in Santiago.
South Africa	1976	Chile has an embassy in Pretoria. South Africa has an embassy in Santiago.

Americas

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Argentina	30 January 1827	See Argentina–Chile relations Chile and Argentina were close allies during the wars of independence against Spain. Argentine General José de San Martín crossed the Andes with Chilean independence hero Bernardo O'Higgins and together they defeated the Spaniards. However, after independence, relations soured. This was primarily due to a border dispute: both nations claimed the totality of the Patagonia region.[122] Attempts to clear up the dispute were unsuccessful until 1881, when Chile was at war with both Bolivia and Peru. In order to avoid fighting Argentina as well, Chilean President Aníbal Pinto authorized his envoy, Diego Barros Arana to hand over as much territory as was needed to avoid Argentina siding with Bolivia and Peru. Barros succeeded in his mission: Argentina was granted east Patagonia and Chile the Strait of Magellan.[122] However, border disputes continued. In 1902, war was again avoided when British King Edward VII agreed to mediate between the two nations. He established the current border in the Patagonia region.[122] The Beagle conflict began to brew in the 1960s, when Argentina began to claim that the Picton, Lennox and Nueva islands in the Beagle Channel were rightfully hers. In 1971 Chile and Argentina signed an agreement formally submitting the Beagle Channel issue to binding Beagle Channel Arbitration. On May 2, 1977, the court ruled that the islands and all adjacent formations belonged to Chile. See the Report and decision of the Court of Arbitration. On 25 January 1978, the Argentina military junta led by General Jorge Videla declared the award fundamentally null and intensified their claim over the islands. On 22. December 1978, Argentina started[123] the Operation Soberanía over the disputed islands, but the invasion was halted due to:[124] The newspaper Clarín explained some years later that such caution was based, in part, on military concerns. In order to achieve a victory, certain objectives had to be reached before the seventh day after the attack. Some military leaders considered this not enough time due to the difficulty involved in transportation through the passes over the Andean Mountains. and in cite 46: According to Clarín, two consequences were feared. First, those who were dubious feared a possible regionalization of the conflict. Second, as a consequence, the conflict could acquire great power proportions. In the first case decisionmakers speculated that Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Brazil might intervene. Then the great powers could take sides. In this case, the resolution of the conflict would depend not on the combatants, but on the countries that supplied the weapons. In December that year, moments before Videla signed a declaration of war against Chile, Pope John Paul II agreed to mediate between the two nations. The Pope's envoy, Antonio Samorè, successfully averted war and proposed a new definitive boundary in which the three disputed islands would remain Chilean. Chile immediately accepted this decision, but Argentina still disliked and avoided acceptance until after the lost Falklands War in 1982. Both agreed to Samoré's proposal and signed the Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina, ending that dispute.[125] In the 1990s, under presidents Frei and Menem both countries solved almost all of the remaining border disputes during bilateral talks. They also agreed to submit Laguna del Desierto to international arbitration in 1994. Almost the entire disputed area was awarded to Argentina.[126] The last border dispute are 50 km (31 mi). in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field from Mount Fitz Roy to Mount Daudet that is still officially undefined.[127][128] In August 2006, however, a tourist map was published in Argentina placing the disputed region within the borders of that country. Chile filed an official complaint, sparking renewed efforts to settle the dispute which the Argentine government supports and urged Chile to finish quick as possible the demarcation of the international border.[129] Since democratization in the 1980s, both countries began a close economic and political integration as Chile became an associated member of Mercosur. Also both countries practice defense cooperation and friendship policy.[citation needed] Argentina has an embassy in Santiago and several consulates throughout the country. Chile has an embassy in Buenos Aires and several consulates throughout the country.
Barbados	3 October 1967	Barbados is accredited in Chile through its embassy in Caracas, (Venezuela). Chile is accredited to Barbados from its embassy in Port of Spain, (Trinidad and Tobago) and maintains an honorary consulate in Bridgetown. Barbados and Chile formally established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1967.[130] Chile was the first Latin American country with which Barbados formally established formal diplomatic relations.[131] Both countries raised the agenda of rekindling ties in 2005 as a precursor to the attempted Free Trade Area of the Americas trade bloc. At current both blocs have discussed the introduction of a free trade agreement[132][133] and more specifically Chile and CARICOM have specifically noted the possibility of establishing a free trade agreement.[134] Chilean President Ricardo Lagos visited Barbados on February 20–21, 2005[135] The Barbados Prime Minister later reciprocated by official visit to Chile in November 2005. As part of their meeting the Government of Barbados pledged support to Chilean-diplomat José Miguel Insulza for the post of Secretary General to the Organization of American States (OAS). [citation needed] In May 2009, Prime Minister David Thompson outlined his plan to further Barbadian relations in the Americas. As part of his outline he named Chile as one of three countries which he desired his government would further enhance relations with in South America.[136] In August 2017 President Bachelet visited Barbados and met with her Barbadian counterpart to discuss mutual areas of cooperation.[137][138][139] Barbados is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil. Chile is accredited to Barbados from its embassy in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
Belize	15 May 1990	Both countries established diplomatic relations on October 11, 1990.[140] Both countries are full members of the Organization of American States. Belize has an honorary consulate in Santiago. Chile is accredited to Belize from its embassy in San Salvador, El Salvador.
Bolivia	20 April 1873	See Bolivia–Chile relations Relations with Bolivia have been strained ever since the independence wars because of the Atacama border dispute (Bolivia claims a corridor to the Pacific Ocean). The Spaniards never bothered to definitively establish a border between Chile and Bolivia. Chile claimed its limit with Peru ran through the Loa River and that Bolivia was therefore landlocked, while Bolivia claimed it did have a coast and that the limit with Chile ran along the Salado River. The border remained vague throughout the 19th century. Finally, Bolivia and Chile agreed, in 1866, to allow Bolivia access to the Pacific and that the limit of the two countries would run along the 24th parallel. The area between the 25th and 23rd parallel would remain demilitarized and both nations would be allowed to mine there.[141] It was also agreed that taxes on the exportation of saltpeter would not increase.[citation needed] However, in 1879, Bolivian dictator General Hilarión Daza increased the taxes on the exportation of saltpeter, violating the 1866 treaty. When Chilean-owned saltpeter companies protested, Daza expropriated their companies and sold them in a public auction. Daza then put an end to all commerce with Chile and exiled all Chilean residents in Bolivia (the Bolivian port of Antofagasta had more Chileans than Bolivians). In response, Chile declared war on Bolivia and occupied Bolivia's coast. Peru had, in 1873, signed a secret pact with Bolivia in which the two countries agreed to fight together against any nation that threatened either of them. When Peru refused to be neutral in the conflict between Chile and Bolivia, Chile declared war on Peru. Chile defeated both countries and annexed the coast claimed by Bolivia. This was ratified in a 1904 treaty.[142] Diplomatic relations with Bolivia continued to be strained because of Bolivia's continuing aspiration to the sea. In 1964, Bolivian President Víctor Paz Estenssoro severed diplomatic relations with Chile. Generals Augusto Pinochet and Hugo Banzer resumed diplomatic relations and attempted to settle territorial disputes. The secret negotiations started in 1973 and in 1975 diplomatic relations between Chile and Bolivia were established. That year, both dictators met in the Bolivian border town of Charaña. Pinochet agreed to give Bolivia a small strip of land running between the Chilean city of Arica and the Peruvian border. However the Treaty of Lima between Peru and Chile specified that Chile must consult Peru before granting any land to a third party in the area of Tarapacá. Peruvian dictator General Francisco Morales Bermúdez did not agree with the Charaña proposal and instead drafted his own proposal, in which the three nations would share administration of the port of Arica and the sea immediately in front of it. Pinochet refused this agreement, and Banzer broke ties with Chile again in 1978. The failure of the Charaña accords was one of the reasons of Banzer's downfall that very year.[citation needed] Chile and Bolivia maintain consular relations, and appear to have become friendlier. Former Chilean President Ricardo Lagos attended the inauguration of current Bolivian President Evo Morales. Morales has repeatedly announced his intention to establish diplomatic relations with Chile once more, but has still not given up Bolivia's claim to the sea.[citation needed] Bolivia has consulates-general in Santiago, Antofagasta, Arica, Calama and Iquique. Chile has consulates-general in La Paz and Santa Cruz de la Sierra.
Brazil	22 April 1836	See Brazil–Chile relations Michelle Bachelet and Dilma Rousseff, 15 December 2011 Chile and Brazil have acted numerous times as mediators in international conflicts, such as in the 1914 diplomatic impasse between the United States and Mexico, avoiding a possible state of war between those two countries. More recently, since the 2004 Haitian coup d'état, Chile and Brazil have actively participated in the United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti, which is led by the Brazilian Army. They are also two of the three most important economies in South America along with Argentina.[citation needed] Brazil has an embassy in Santiago. Chile has an embassy in Brasília and consulates-general in Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.
Canada	28 August 1941	See Canada–Chile relations Since 1997 Canada and Chile's trade relations have been governed by the Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement, Chile's first full free trade agreement and Canada's first with a Latin American nation.[143] Canada has an embassy in Santiago. Chile has an embassy in Ottawa and consulates-general in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver.
Colombia	28 August 1822	See Chile-Colombia relations Both nations are members of the Pacific Alliance. Chile has an embassy in Bogotá. Colombia has an embassy in Santiago.
Cuba	19 October 1903	See Chile–Cuba relations Chile has an embassy in Havana. Cuba has an embassy in Santiago.
Dominican Republic	1938	See Chile–Dominican Republic relations Chile has an embassy in Santo Domingo. Dominican Republic has an embassy in Santiago.
Ecuador	1836	See Chile–Ecuador relations After the War of the Pacific (1879–83) pursued a policy of promoting friendly relationships between countries with disputes with Chile's neighbors. In doing so Chile made attempts to establish friendly relationships between Ecuador and Colombia, both were countries that had serious territorial disputes with Peru in the Amazon. Military cooperation with Ecuador grew considerably after the War of the Pacific with Chile sending instructors to the military academy in Quito and selling superfluous arms and munitions to Ecuador.[144] Despite Chile's over-all good relations with Ecuador both countries had a minor diplomatic crisis resulting from the capture of the Peruvian torpedo boat Alay in Ecuadorian territorial waters during the war.[145] Chile together with the other ABC Powers and the USA were among the guarantors of the Rio Protocol that followed the Ecuadorian–Peruvian War in 1942.[146] Chile has an embassy in Quito and a consulate-general in Guayaquil. Ecuador has an embassy in Santiago.
Guyana	22 July 1971	Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 22 July 1971.[147] Both countries are full members of Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and the Union of South American Nations. Chile has an embassy in Georgetown. Guyana is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
Haiti	7 June 1943	See Chile–Haiti relations Chile has an embassy in Port-au-Prince. Haiti has an embassy in Santiago.
Mexico	7 March 1831	See Chile–Mexico relations The two nations have maintained relations since 1831.[148] On May 20, 1914, Chile and the other ABC Powers met in Niagara Falls, Canada, to mediate diplomatically to avoid a state of war between the United States and Mexico over the Veracruz Incident and the Tampico Affair. In 1974, Mexico severed diplomatic relations over the overthrow of President Salvador Allende. For the next fifteen years, Mexico would accept thousands of Chilean refugees who were escaping the government of General Augusto Pinochet. Diplomatic relations between the two nations were re-established in 1990. Currently both countries have signed a free trade agreement that went into effect in 1999.[149] Both nations are founding members of the Pacific Alliance and are the only two Latin-American nations to be members of the OECD. Chile has an embassy in Mexico City.[150] Mexico has an embassy in Santiago.[151]
Paraguay	22 July 1843	See Chile–Paraguay relations Chile has an embassy in Asunción. Paraguay has an embassy in Santiago.
Peru	8 August 1828	See Chile–Peru relations Chile has an embassy in Lima and a consulate-general in Tacna. Peru has an embassy in Santiago and consulates-general in Arica, Iquique and Valparaíso.
Trinidad and Tobago	3 February 1964	See Chile–Trinidad and Tobago relations Chile has an embassy in Port of Spain. Trinidad and Tobago is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
United States	6 July 1822	See Chile–United States relations Bachelet with U.S. President Barack Obama, 30 June 2014 Chile-United States relations have been better in the period 1988 to the present than any other time in history. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, The United States government applauded the rebirth of democratic practices in Chile, despite having facilitated the 1973 Chilean coup d'état, the build-up to which included destabilizing the country's economy and politics. Chile has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and consulates-general in Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York and San Francisco. United States has an embassy in Santiago.
Uruguay	9 July 1869	See Chile–Uruguay relations Chile has an embassy in Montevideo. Uruguay has an embassy in Santiago.
Venezuela	14 April 1853	See Chile–Venezuela relations Chile has an embassy in Caracas and a consulate in Puerto Ordaz. Venezuela has an embassy in Santiago.

Asia

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Armenia	15 December 1993	See Armenia–Chile relations Armenia is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina and maintains an honorary consulate in Santiago. Chile is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Moscow, Russia and maintains an honorary consulate in Yerevan. Chile has recognized the Armenian genocide in 2007.
China	15 December 1970	See Chile–China relations Chile recognized the Republic of China until 1970, when diplomatic recognition was switched to the People's Republic of China under the left-leaning Allende. After the 1973 coup by the Pinochet-led junta, diplomatic relations were cut between Chile and all Communist nations, with the exception of China and Romania. The strongly anti-Communist military government in Chile maintained friendly ties with the Communist government in China for the remainder of the Cold War, with Pinochet crediting the Chinese for abiding by the principle of non-interference in other nations' internal affairs.[152] China and Chile exchanged military missions and the Soviet Chilean copper exports to China and Chinese loans The friendly relations were cemented by a share distaste for the Soviet Union, the Chinese diplomatic principle of non-interference in other nations' internal affairs, and a willingness to overlook ideological differences in the pursuit of economic ties.[153] Chile has an embassy in Beijing and consulates-general Chengdu, Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Shanghai. China has an embassy in Santiago and a consulate-general in Iquique.
India	March 1949	See Chile-India relations Chile was the first country in South America to sign a trade agreement with India, in 1956. An ongoing dialogue has nurtured bilateral political understanding. The mechanism of Foreign Office level consultations was initiated in Santiago in August 2000, and was followed up with a second meeting in New Delhi in April, 2003. However, high-level political exchanges have been few and far between. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi visited Chile in 1968, Transport and Communications Minister K.P. Unnikrishnan in 1990, and President Shankar Dayal Sharma in 1995. From the Chilean side, there has not been any HOS/HOG visit to India. As an indication of Chile's interest in an enhanced relationship, the Chilean Ministry of Agriculture visited India in December 2001.[citation needed] Chile has an embassy in New Delhi and a consulate-general in Mumbai. India has an embassy in Santiago.
Indonesia	29 September 1965	See Chile-Indonesia relations Bilateral relations between Chile and Indonesia were established in 1964. These relations were strengthened by the establishment of the Indonesian embassy in Santiago in March 1991. Chile has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia has an embassy in Santiago.
Iran	16 January 1908	Iran severed its diplomatic ties with Chile on August 18, 1980, protesting Pinochet regime's repressive internal policies and giving the Chilean Chargé d'affaires in Tehran 15 days to close the embassy and leave the country.[154] Iran and Chile resumed relations on December 2, 1991, with Iran opening its embassy in Santiago, only to close it again in 1999 citing financial problems. The Iranian embassy in Santiago was finally reopened in 2007 at full ambassador level.[155] Chile has an embassy in Tehran. Iran has an embassy in Santiago.
Israel	16 May 1950	See Chile–Israel relations Chile recognized Israel's independence in February 1949.[156][157] Both countries established diplomatic relation on 16 May 1950, with Israel sending their first ambassador on that date and Chile sending their first ambassador on 16 June 1952.[156] Chile has an embassy in Tel Aviv. Israel has an embassy in Santiago.
Japan	25 September 1897	See Chile–Japan relations Chile has an embassy in Tokyo.[158] Japan has an embassy in Santiago.[159] Chile and Japan established diplomatic relations on 25 September 1897. Chile severed diplomatic relations with Japan on 20 January 1943 due to World War II. Chile and Japan re-established diplomatic relations on 7 October 1952.
Lebanon	28 June 1945	See Chile–Lebanon relations Chile has an embassy in Beirut. Lebanon has an embassy in Santiago.
Malaysia	26 February 1979	See Chile–Malaysia relations The Chile–Malaysia relations is mainly based on trade. In 2009, the total trade between Chile and Malaysia is $336 million with the total Malaysian export to Chile were $16.8 million while the import with $148.7 million.[160] Chile has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia has an embassy in Santiago.
Pakistan	March 1949	See Chile-Pakistan relations Chile–Pakistan relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Chile and Pakistan. Formal diplomatic relations between the two states established in 2008. Chile is accredited to Pakistan from its embassy in Abu Dhabi, UAE. Pakistan is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Palestine		See Chile–Palestine relations Chile has a representative office in Ramallah. Palestine has an embassy in Santiago.
Philippines	17 July 1962	See Chile–Philippines relations Chile and the Philippines were both former Spanish colonies. Diplomatic relations between Chile and the Philippines began way back in 1854 when Chile opened a consulate in Binondo, Manila. But the formal relations established on July 4, 1946, the day that the Philippines officially gained their official independence from the United States.During the authoritarian regime of Ferdinand Marcos in 1980, he invited Augusto Pinochet to visit the country, but later he refused Pinochet's plane to land in the country, this was because of a US program to isolate Pinochet's regime, in which the US pressured Marcos to cancel Pinochet's visit.Chilean-Philippines relations were strained until 1986, when Corazon Aquino later ousted Marcos in the People Power Revolution. Chile has an embassy in Manila. Philippines has an embassy in Santiago.
South Korea	18 April 1962	The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and República de Chile began on 18 April 1962.[161] Chileans and South Koreans maintain always very good relations. Chile has a Working Holiday Visa Program Agreement with the Republic of Korea It was at the first time with a country of the Asia.[162] Chilean embassy in Seoul.[163] South Korean embassy in Santiago.[164] Chile and South Korea are a member states of the UN, WTO and OECD. Chilean Ministry of Foreign Affairs about bilateral relations with the Republic of Korea (in Spanish only) Archived 2019-05-10 at the Wayback Machine South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs about bilateral relations with the Republic of Chile (in Korean only)
Taiwan		See Chile–Taiwan relations Chile has a Trade Office in Taipei. Taiwan has a Trade Office in Santiago.
Turkey	30 January 1926[165]	See Chile–Turkey relations Chile has an embassy in Ankara. Turkey has an embassy in Santiago. Both countries are members of OECD and WTO. Chile-Turkey Free Trade Agreement was signed on July 14, 2009, and is in effect since March 1, 2011.[165] Trade volume between the two countries was US$579 million in 2019 (Chilean exports/imports: 236/344 million USD.[165] Chile was the first country in Latin America that recognized Turkey.
Vietnam	25 March 1971	See Chile–Vietnam relations Chile has an embassy in Hanoi. Vietnam has an embassy in Santiago.

Europe

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Andorra	15 July 1996	See Andorra–Chile relations Andorra does not have an accreditation to Chile. Chile is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid, Spain and maintains an honorary consulate in Andorra la Vella.
Austria	1947	See Austria–Chile relations The first bilateral relations dates back from 1846. Austria has an embassy in Santiago. Chile has an embassy in Vienna.
Bulgaria		Bulgaria is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Chile is accredited to Bulgaria from its embassy in Bucharest, Romania.
Croatia	15 April 1992	See Chile–Croatia relations The Senate of Chile has awarded Croatian President Stjepan Mesić an order of merit, to honor the improvement of bilateral relations between Croatia and Chile. While representing Chile, senate vice president Baldo Prokurica stated that he found areas for stronger collaboration in future in oil and gas research and shipyards and he expressed an interest in Chilean students' having scholarships in Croatia.[166] There are between 380,000 and 500,000 people of Croatian descent living in Chile. Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration: list of bilateral treaties with Chile Chile has an embassy in Zagreb. Croatia has an embassy in Santiago.
Denmark	4 February 1899	See Chile–Denmark relations Chile has an embassy in Copenhagen. Denmark has an embassy in Santiago.
Estonia	27 September 1991	See Chile–Estonia relations Chile re-recognized Estonia in 1991 and diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on September 27, 1991. An agreement on visa-free travel between Estonia and Chile came to force on 2 December 2000.[167][168][169] The two countries also have in force a Memorandum on co-operation between the Ministries of Foreign Affairs.[167] Agreements on cultural, tourism, and IT cooperation are being readied.[167] Chile is among Estonia's most important foreign trade partners in South America.[170] In 2007, trade between Estonia and Chile was valued at 6.3 million EUR. Estonian exports included mainly machinery, mechanical equipment, and mineral fuels; Chile exports included mainly wine, fish, crustaceans and fruit. In 2004, 83% of Chile exports to Estonia, then totaling 2.4 million EUR, consisted of wine.[167] In 2008, Chilean wines held the highest share of Estonia's imported wine market, followed by Spanish wines.[171] Due to its climate being unsuitable for large-scale grape production, most wine sold in Estonia is imported. In 2006, Estonia and Chile issued the joint Antarctic themed stamp series, designed by Ülle Marks and Jüri Kass, bearing images of the Emperor penguin and the minke whale.[172] The works of Chilean writers Isabel Allende, Pablo Neruda and José Donoso have been translated into Estonian.[167] Chile is accredited to Estonia from its embassy in Helsinki, Finland. Estonia is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
Finland	20 February 1931	See Chile–Finland relations Chile recognised Finland's independence on June 17, 1919. Diplomatic relations between them were established in 1931 and have been continuously maintained, despite pressures at times to discontinue them.[173] The two countries maintain resident ambassadors in both capitals.[173] Chile has an embassy in Helsinki. Finland has an embassy in Santiago.
France	15 September 1846	See Chile–France relations Chile has an embassy in Paris. France has an embassy in Santiago.
Germany	24 September 1863	See Chile–Germany relations Chile has an embassy in Berlin and consulates-general in Frankfurt, Hamburg and Munich. Germany has an embassy in Santiago.
Greece	1 July 1941	See Chile–Greece relations Chile has an embassy in Athens. Greece has an embassy in Santiago.
Ireland	1 June 1992	See Chile–Ireland relations Chile has an embassy in Dublin.[174] Ireland has an embassy in Santiago.[175]
Italy	28 June 1856	See Chile–Italy relations Chile has an embassy in Rome and a consulate-general in Milan. Italy has an embassy in Santiago.
Netherlands		Chile has an embassy in The Hague and a consulate-general in Amsterdam. the Netherlands has an embassy in Santiago.
Norway	9 June 1919	See Chile–Norway relations Chile has an embassy in Oslo. Norway has an embassy in Santiago.
Poland	7 December 1920	See Chile–Poland relations Chile has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Santiago.
Portugal	28 February 1879	See Chile–Portugal relations Chile has an embassy in Lisbon. Portugal has an embassy in Santiago.
Romania	5 February 1925	See Chile–Romania relations In 1965 diplomatic relations were renewed. Even though most of the Eastern European countries broke their relations with Chile after 1973. Romania retained diplomatic relations with Chile. Approximately 3,000 Chileans looked for asylum in Romania during Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship. Chile has an embassy in Bucharest. Romania has an embassy in Santiago.
Russia	26 December 1991	See Chile–Russia relations Chile has an embassy in Moscow. Russia has an embassy in Santiago.
Serbia	1935	Both countries have established diplomatic relations 1935. They were renewed in 1946. Diplomatic relations were broken off on two occasions, in 1947 and 1973, and the last renewal was in March 1990.[176] A number of bilateral agreements in various fields have been concluded and are in force between both countries.[177] Chile is accredited to Serbia from its embassy in Athens, Greece. Serbia is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Spain	12 June 1883	See Chile–Spain relations Chile has an embassy in Madrid[178] and a consulate-general in Barcelona.[179] Spain has an embassy in Santiago.[180]
Sweden	14 June 1895	See Chile–Sweden relations Chile has an embassy in Stockholm and a consulate in Gothenburg.[181] Sweden has an embassy in Santiago.[182]
United Kingdom	14 September 1823	See Chile–United Kingdom relations Chile established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 14 September 1823.[7] Chile supported Britain politically, to a degree during the Falklands War. Britain supported the dictator Pinochet, granting him asylum, and even returning him back to Chile after numerous requests for criminal extradition by Spain, Argentina, Peru, and many other countries. Chile has typically been Britain's strongest partner in South America. Britain has played an important role in shaping Chile's politics and government, throughout the ages (especially in its fight for independence) Chile has an embassy in London. United Kingdom has an embassy in Santiago.

Oceania

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Australia	27 December 1945	See Australia–Chile relations Diplomatic relations date back from the time when Australia was a British colony. During the Australian gold rush, the population grew fast and Chile became one of Australia's major wheat suppliers, with a regular traffic of ships between Sydney and Valparaíso. Australia and Chile signed the Australia-Chile Free Trade Agreement on July 30, 2008. The agreement came into effect in the first quarter of 2009. Australia was one of several international partners with Chile in the Gemini Observatory, with one of the two 8 m telescopes of the observatory located at the summit of Cerro Pachón in Chile. Both countries are members of APEC, OECD and the Cairns Group. Australia has an embassy in Santiago. Chile has an embassy in Canberra and consulates-general in Melbourne and Sydney.
New Zealand	1948	See Chile–New Zealand relations Chile has an embassy in Wellington.[183] New Zealand has an embassy in Santiago.[184]

See also

• List of diplomatic missions in Chile
• List of diplomatic missions of Chile
• Visa requirements for Chilean citizens

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Further reading

• Rodríguez Elizondo, José: Chile-Perú. El siglo que vivimos en peligro. La Tercera-Mondadori, Santiago, 2004
• Parraguez, Maria-Luisa (March 26, 2008). "Chile's Foreign Policy towards North America". Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the ISA's 49th ANNUAL CONVENTION, BRIDGING MULTIPLE DIVIDES, Hilton San Francisco, SAN FRANCISCO, California, USA.

External links

• Ministry of Foreign Relations (in Spanish)