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Endemism in the Hawaiian Islands

Hawai'i is home to a large number of endemic species From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Located about 2,300 miles (3,680 km) from the nearest continental shore, the Hawaiian Islands are the most isolated group of islands on the planet. The plant and animal life of the Hawaiian archipelago is the result of early, very infrequent colonizations of arriving species and the slow evolution of those species—in isolation from the rest of the world's flora and fauna—over a period of at least 5 million years. As a consequence, Hawai'i is home to a large number of endemic species. The radiation of species described by Charles Darwin in the Galapagos Islands which was critical to the formulation of his theory of evolution is far exceeded in the more isolated Hawaiian Islands.

The relatively short time that the existing main islands of the archipelago have been above the surface of the ocean (less than 10 million years) is only a fraction of time span over which biological colonization and evolution have occurred in the archipelago. High, volcanic islands have existed in the Pacific far longer, extending in a chain to the northwest; these once mountainous islands are now reduced to submerged banks and coral atolls. Midway Atoll, for example, formed as a volcanic island some 28 million years ago. Kure Atoll, a little further to the northwest, is near the Darwin point—defined as waters of a temperature that allows coral reef development to just keep up with isostatic sinking. And extending back in time before Kure, an even older chain of islands spreads northward nearly to the Aleutian Islands; these former islands, all north of the Darwin point, are now completely submerged as the Emperor Seamounts.

The islands are well known for the environmental diversity that occurs on high mountains within a trade winds field. On a single island, the climate can differ around the coast from dry tropical (< 20 in or 500 mm annual rainfall) to wet tropical; and up the slopes from tropical rainforest (> 200 in or 5,000 mm per year) through a temperate climate into alpine conditions of cold and dry climate. The rainy climate impacts soil development, which largely determines ground permeability, which affects the distribution of streams, wetlands, and wet places.

The distance and remoteness of the Hawaiian archipelago is a biological filter. Seeds or spores attached to a lost migrating bird's feather or an insect falling out of the high winds found a place to survive in the islands and whatever else was needed to reproduce. The narrowing of the gene pool meant that at the very beginning, the population of a colonizing species was a bit different from that of the remote contributing population. This list does not include species extinct in prehistoric times.

Island formation

Throughout time, the Hawaiian Islands formed linearly from northwest to the southeast. A study was conducted to determine the approximate ages of the Hawaiian Islands using K–Ar dating of the oldest found igneous rocks from each island. Kauai was determined to be about 5.1 million years old, Oahu about 3.7 million years old and the youngest island of Hawaii about 0.43 million years old.[1] By determining the maximum age of the islands, inferences could be made about the maximum possible age of organisms inhabiting the island. The newly formed islands were able to accommodate growing populations, while the new environments were causing high rates of new adaptations.

Human arrival

Human contact, first by Polynesians and later by Europeans, has had a significant impact. Both the Polynesians and Europeans cleared native forests and introduced non-indigenous species for agriculture (or by accident), driving many endemic species to extinction. Fossil finds in caves, lava tubes, and sand dunes have revealed an avifauna that once had a native eagle,[2] two raven-size crows, several bird-eating owls, and giant ducks known as moa-nalos. Around 861 species of plants have been introduced to the islands by humans since its discovery by Polynesian settlers, including crops such as taro and breadfruit.[3]

Today, many of the remaining endemic species of plants and animals in the Hawaiian Islands are considered endangered, and some critically so. Plant species are particularly at risk: out of a total of 2,690 plant species, 946 are non-indigenous with 800 of the native species listed as endangered.[4]

Terrestrial vertebrates

Mammals

Birds

Freshwater fishes

None of Hawaii's native fish are entirely restricted to freshwater (all are either anadromous, or also found in brackish and marine water in their adult stage).
  • ʻOʻopu nākea (Awaous stamineus)[5]
  • Āholehole (Kuhlia xenura)
  • ʻOʻopu ʻalamoʻo (Lentipes concolor) - data deficient
  • ʻOʻopu naniha (Stenogobius hawaiiensis)
  • ‘O‘opu ‘akupa (Eleotris sandwicensis) - data deficient
  • ʻOʻopu nōpili (Sicyopterus stimpsoni) - near threatened

Terrestrial invertebrates

Summarize
Perspective

Insects

Crustaceans

Spiders

Gastropods

Gastropods are snails.[6]

  • Oahu tree snails (Achatinella) - threatened, several already extinct
  • Auriculella (a genus of land snails) - threatened, several already extinct
  • Amastra (a genus of land snails) - many species extinct
  • Carelia (a genus of land snails) - entire genus extinct
  • Erinna (a genus of freshwater snails) - one vulnerable species, the other possibly extinct
  • Gulickia alexandri (a land snail) - critically endangered
  • Newcombia (a genus of land snails) - threatened, one already extinct
  • Neritina granosa (a freshwater snail) - vulnerable
  • Perdicella (a genus of land snails) - threatened, several already extinct
  • Partulina (a genus of land snails) - threatened, several already extinct

Marine animals

Marine fishes

Main article: List of fish of Hawaii

Cnidarians

  • Finger coral (Porites compressa)
  • Thick finger coral (Porites duerdeni)
  • Brigham's coral (Porites brighami)
  • Molokaʻi cauliflower coral (Pocillopora molokensis)
  • Irregular rice coral (Montipora dilatata)
  • Blue rice coral (Montipora flabellata)
  • Sandpaper or Ringed rice coral (Montipora patula)
  • Verril's lump coral (Psammocora verrilli)
  • Serpentine cup coral (Eguchipsammia serpentina)
  • Grand black coral (Antipathes grandis)
  • Bicolor gorgonian (Acabaria bicolor)
  • Small knob leather coral (Sinularia molokaiensis)

Plants

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Perspective

The Hawaiian Islands are home to dozens of endemic species and subspecies of plants, including endemic genera × Argyrautia, Argyroxiphium, Brighamia, Clermontia, Cyanea, Delissea, Dissochondrus, Dubautia, Haplostachys, Helodeaster, Hesperomannia, Hibiscadelphus, Hillebrandia, Isodendrion, Kokia, × Lindsaeosoria, Lipochaeta, Neraudia, Nothocestrum, Nototrichium, Pteralyxia, Remya, Rockia, Schiedea, Stenogyne, Touchardia, Trematolobelia, and Wilkesia.[7]

The following list of endemic vascular plants is from Plants of the World Online, current and complete as of March 2025.[7] Plants are listed alphabetically by order and family.

See also: Category:Extinct flora of Hawaii, Category:Endemic flora of Hawaii, and Hawaiian lobelioids

Lycopods

Lycopodiaceae

  • Huperzia × carlquistii Beitel & W.H.Wagner (H. somae × H. subintegra)
  • Huperzia erosa Beitel & W.H.Wagner
  • Huperzia erubescens (Brack.) Holub
  • Huperzia × gillettii Beitel & W.H.Wagner (H. serrata × H. subintegra)
  • Huperzia × koolauensis (W.H.Wagner) Kartesz (H. nutans × H. phyllantha)
  • Huperzia mannii (Hillebr.) Holub
  • Huperzia × medeirosii Beitel & W.H.Wagner (H. haleakalae × H. subintegra)
  • Huperzia stemmermanniae (A.C.Medeiros & W.H.Wagner) Kartesz
  • Huperzia subintegra (Hillebr.) Beitel & W.H.Wagner
  • Huperzia × sulcinervia (Spring) Trevis. (H. erubescens × H. serrata)
  • Lycopodium venustulum var. verticale W.H.Wagner – Hawaii and Maui

Selaginellaceae

  • Selaginella deflexa Brack.
  • Selaginella menziesii (Hook. & Grev.) Spring
  • Selaginella sandvicensis Baker

Ferns

Aspleniaceae

  • Asplenium dielerectum Viane
  • Asplenium dielfalcatum Viane – Oahu
  • † Asplenium dielmannii Viane – Kauai
  • Asplenium dielpallidum N.Snow – Kauai
  • Asplenium × flagrum W.H.Wagner & D.D.Palmer – Kauai
  • Asplenium haleakalense W.H.Wagner – Maui
  • Asplenium hobdyi W.H.Wagner
  • Asplenium × joellaui N.Snow
  • Asplenium kaulfussii Schltdl.
  • Asplenium × kokeense W.H.Wagner – Kauai
  • † Asplenium leucostegioides Baker – E. Maui. Last recorded in the 1880s
  • Asplenium neobrackenridgei W.H.Wagner
  • Asplenium peruvianum var. insulare (C.V.Morton) D.D.Palmer – Maui, Hawaii
  • Asplenium schizophyllum C.Chr.
  • Asplenium × sphenocookii W.H.Wagner – Kauai
  • Asplenium sphenotomum Hillebr.
  • Asplenium trichomanes subsp. densum (Brack.) W.H.Wagner – Maui, Hawaii
  • † Asplenium unisorum (W.H.Wagner) Viane – Oahu
  • Asplenium × waikamoi W.H.Wagner & D.D.Palmer (A. acuminatum × A. aethiopicum) – Maui
  • Athyrium haleakalae K.R.Wood & W.L.Wagner
  • Athyrium microphyllum (Sm.) Alston
  • amaumau fern (Blechnum cyatheoides (Kaulf.) Christenh.)
  • Blechnum lyonii (O.Deg.) Christenh.
  • Blechnum norfolkense Christenh.
  • Blechnum pallidum (Hook. & Arn.) Brack.
  • Blechnum souleytianum Gaudich.
  • Blechnum squarrosum Gaudich.
  • Blechnum unisorum (Baker) Christenh. – Kauai
  • Blechnum wagnerianum (D.D.Palmer & T.Flynn) Christenh. – Kauai
  • Cystopteris douglasii Hook.
  • Deparia cataracticola M.Kato
  • Deparia fenzliana (Luerss.) M.Kato
  • Deparia kaalaana (Copel.) M.Kato
  • Deparia marginalis (Hillebr.) M.Kato
  • Deparia prolifera (Kaulf.) Hook. & Grev.
  • Molokai twinsorus fern (Diplazium molokaiense W.J.Rob.)
  • Diplazium sandwichense C.Presl
  • Diplazium sandwichianum (Hook.) Diels
  • Phegopteris keraudreniana (Gaudich.) Mann
  • Thelypteris boydiae (D.C.Eaton) K.Iwats. – Oahu, Maui, Hawaii
  • Thelypteris cyatheoides (Kaulf.) Fosberg
  • Thelypteris exindusiata W.H.Wagner
  • Thelypteris globulifera (Brack.) C.F.Reed
  • Thelypteris hudsoniana (Brack.) C.F.Reed
  • Thelypteris palmeri W.H.Wagner
  • Thelypteris pendens (D.D.Palmer) Christenh.
  • Thelypteris stegnogrammoides (Baker) Fosberg
  • Thelypteris wailele Flynn – Kauai

Cyatheae

Dennstaedtiaceae

  • Hypolepis hawaiiensis Brownsey
  • Microlepia × adulterina W.H.Wagner (M. setosa × M. speluncae) – Oahu
  • Microlepia setosa var. mauiensis (W.H.Wagner) Miles K.Thomas – Maui and Hawaii
  • Pteridium decompositum (Gaudich.) Christenh.

Gleicheniaceae

Hymenophyllaceae

  • Hymenophyllum lanceolatum Hook. & Arn.
  • Hymenophyllum obtusum Hook. & Arn.
  • Hymenophyllum recurvum Gaudich.
  • Trichomanes baldwinii (D.C.Eaton) Copel.
  • Trichomanes cyrtotheca Hillebr.
  • Trichomanes davallioides Gaudich.
  • Trichomanes draytonianum Brack.
  • Trichomanes tubiflora (F.S.Wagner) Christenh. – Kauai

Lindsaeaceae

  • × Lindsaeosoria W.H.Wagner (Lindsaea × Odontosoria)
    • × Lindsaeosoria flynnii W.H.Wagner – Kauai

Marattiaceae

  • Marattia douglasii (C.Presl) Baker

Ophioglossaceae

  • † Botrychium subbifoliatum Brack.

Polypodiaceae

  • Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens L.E.Bishop)
  • wahine noho mauna (Adenophorus tamariscinus (Kaulf.) Hook. & Grev.)
  • Arachniodes insularis W.H.Wagner
  • Ctenitis latifrons (Brack.) Copel.
  • Pacific lacefern or pauoa (Ctenitis squamigera (Hook. & Arn.) Copel.)
  • Dryopteris crinalis (Hook. & Arn.) C.Chr.
  • Dryopteris fuscoatra (Hillebr.) W.J.Rob.
  • Dryopteris glabra (Brack.) Kuntze
  • Dryopteris hawaiiensis (Hillebr.) W.J.Rob.
  • Dryopteris mauiensis C.Chr.
  • Dryopteris rubiginosa (Brack.) Kuntze
  • Dryopteris sandwicensis (Hook. & Arn.) C.Chr.
  • Dryopteris subbipinnata W.H.Wagner & R.W.Hobdy – Maui, Hawaii
  • Dryopteris tetrapinnata W.H.Wagner & Hobdy – Maui
  • Dryopteris unidentata (Hook. & Arn.) C.Chr.
  • Elaphoglossum aemulum (Kaulf.) Brack.
  • Elaphoglossum alatum Gaudich. – Oahu
  • Elaphoglossum crassicaule Copel. – Kauai
  • Elaphoglossum crassifolium (Gaudich.) W.R.Anderson & Crosby
  • Elaphoglossum fauriei Copel. – Oahu, Molokai
  • Elaphoglossum parvisquameum Skottsb.
  • Elaphoglossum pellucidum Gaudich.
  • Elaphoglossum wawrae (Luerss.) C.Chr.
  • Grammitis baldwinii (Baker) Copel. – Kauai
  • Grammitis forbesiana W.H.Wagner
  • Grammitis oahuensis Copel. – Kauai
  • Grammitis saffordii (Maxon) C.V.Morton
  • Grammitis tenella Kaulf.
  • Microsorum spectrum (Kaulf.) Copel.
  • Nephrolepis exaltata subsp. hawaiiensis W.H.Wagner
  • Polypodium pellucidum Kaulf.
  • Polystichum bonseyi W.H.Wagner & R.W.Hobdy – Maui, Hawaii
  • Polystichum haleakalense Brack. – Maui, Hawaii
  • Polystichum hillebrandii Carruth. – Maui, Hawaii
  • Tectaria gaudichaudii (Mett.) Maxon

Psilotaceae

  • Psilotum × intermedium W.H.Wagner (P. complanatum × P. nudum)

Pteridaceae

  • Coniogramme pilosa Hieron.
  • Hemionitis angelica (K.Wood & W.H.Wagner) Christenh.
  • Hemionitis decipiens (Hook.) Christenh.
  • Hemionitis decora (Brack.) Christenh.
  • Hemionitis takeuchii (W.H.Wagner) Christenh. – Oahu and Lanai
  • Pteris hillebrandii Copel.
  • Pteris irregularis Kaulf.
  • Pteris lydgatei (Baker) Christ – Oahu, Molokai, and Maui

Alismatales

Hydrocharitaceae

  • Halophila hawaiiana Doty & B.C.Stone

Apiales

Apiaceae

Araliaceae

  • Cheirodendron dominii Krajina - Kauai
  • Cheirodendron fauriei Hochr. – Kauai
  • Cheirodendron forbesii (Sherff) Lowry
  • Lapalapa (Cheirodendron platyphyllum (Hook. & Arn.) Seem.)
  • ʻŌlapa (Cheirodendron trigynum (Gaudich.) A.Heller)
    • Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. helleri (Sherff) Lowry – Kauai
    • Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. trigynum
  • Polyscias bisattenuata (Sherff) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett – SE. Kauai
  • Polyscias flynnii (Lowry & K.R.Wood) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett – Kauai
  • Polyscias gymnocarpa (Hillebr.) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett – Oahu
  • Polyscias hawaiensis (A.Gray) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett
  • Polyscias kavaiensis (H.Mann) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett
  • Polyscias lydgatei (Hillebr.) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett – Oahu
  • Polyscias oahuensis (A.Gray) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett
  • Polyscias sandwicensis (A.Gray) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett
  • Polyscias waialealae (Rock) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett – Kauai
  • Polyscias waimeae (Wawra) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett – Kauai

Pittosporaceae

  • Pittosporum argentifolium Sherff
  • Pittosporum confertiflorum A.Gray
  • Pittosporum flocculosum (Hillebr.) Sherff
  • Pittosporum gayanum Rock
  • Pittosporum glabrum Hook. & Arn.
  • Pittosporum halophilum Rock – northeastern Molokai
  • Pittosporum hawaiiense Hillebr.
  • Pittosporum hosmeri Rock
  • Pittosporum kauaiense Hillebr.
  • Pittosporum × monae Rock ex H.St.John (P. hosmeri × P. terminalioides)
  • Pittosporum napaliense Sherff
  • Pittosporum terminalioides Planch. ex A.Gray

Arecales

Arecaceae

Asparagales

Asparagaceae

Asteliaceae

Iridiaceae

  • Sisyrinchium acre H.Mann – eastern Maui and Hawaii

Orchidaceae

Asterales

Asteraceae

Campanulaceae

  • Brighamia A.Gray
    • Alula (Brighamia insignis) - Niihau and Kauai; critically endangered, possibly extinct in the wild
    • Brighamia rockii H.St.John - critically endangered
  • Clermontia Gaudich.
    • Clermontia arborescens (H.Mann) Hillebr.
    • Clermontia calophylla E.Wimm - northwestern Hawaii; endangered
    • Clermontia clermontioides (Gaudich.) A.Heller – Hawaii
    • Clermontia drepanomorpha Rock - Hawaii, endangered
    • Clermontia fauriei H.Lév. – Kauai and Oahu
    • Clermontia grandiflora Gaudich.
    • Clermontia hanaulaensis H.Oppenh. - western Maui; endangered
    • Clermontia hawaiiensis (Hillebr.) Rock – Hawaii
    • Clermontia kakeana Meyen – Maui, Molokai, and Oahu
    • Clermontia kohalae Rock – northern Hawaii
    • Clermontia × leptoclada Rock (C. drepanomorpha × C. hohalae) – Hawaii
    • Clermontia lindseyana Rock - Hawaii; endangered
    • Clermontia micrantha (Hillebr.) Rock – western Maui and Lanai
    • Clermontia montis-loa Rock – Hawaii
    • Clermontia multiflora Hillebr. – Oahu and western Maui
    • Clermontia oblongifolia Gaudich. - endangered
    • Clermontia pallida Hillebr. – eastern Molokai
    • Clermontia × paradisia E.Wimm. – Hawaii
    • Clermontia parviflora Gaudich. ex A.Gray – northern and eastern Hawaii
    • Clermontia peleana Rock - critically endangered
    • Clermontia persicifolia Gaudich. – Oahu
    • Clermontia pyrularia Hillebr. - north-central Hawaii; critically endangered
    • Clermontia samuelii C.N.Forbes - eastern Maui; endangered
    • Clermontia tuberculata C.N.Forbes - eastern Maui; endangered
    • Clermontia waimeae Rock - northwestern Hawaii; endangered
  • Cyanea Gaudich.
    • Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock – eastern Maui
    • Cyanea acuminata (Gaudich.) Hillebr. – Oahu
    • Cyanea angustifolia (Cham.) Hillebr. – Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, and western Maui
    • Cyanea arborea Hillebr. – eastern Maui: Leeward Slope and Haleakala
    • Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John – northeastern Kauai
    • Cyanea asplenifolia (H.Mann) Hillebr. – northwestern Maui
    • Cyanea calycina (Cham.) Lammers – Oahu
    • Cyanea comata Hillebr. – eastern Maui: Leeward Slope and Haleakala
    • Cyanea copelandii Rock
    • Cyanea coriacea (A.Gray) Hillebr. – Kauai
    • Cyanea crispa (Gaudich.) Lammers, Givnish & Sytsma – Oahu
    • Cyanea cylindrocalyx (Rock) Lammers – Hawaii: Waipi'o Valley
    • Cyanea dolichopoda Lammers & Lorence – Kauai: Blue Hole
    • Cyanea dunbariae Rock – Molokai: Waihanau
    • Cyanea duvalliorum Lammers & H.Oppenh. – eastern Maui
    • Cyanea eleeleensis (H.St.John) Lammers – Kauai: Wainiha Valley
    • Cyanea elliptica (Rock) Lammers – Lanai and Maui
    • Cyanea fissa (H.Mann) Hillebr. – Kauai
    • Cyanea floribunda E.Wimm – Hawaii
    • Cyanea gibsonii Hillebr. – Lanai
    • † Cyanea giffardii Rock – Hawaii: Glenwood; last recorded in 1917
    • Cyanea glabra (E.Wimm.) H.St.John
    • Cyanea grimesiana Gaudich. – Oahu and Molokai
    • Cyanea habenata (H.St.John) Lammers - northern Kauai
    • Cyanea hamatiflora Rock
    • Cyanea hardyi Rock – southern Kauai
    • Cyanea heluensis H.Oppenh. – western Maui
    • Cyanea hirtella (H.Mann) Hillebr. – western Kauai
    • Cyanea horrida (Rock) O.Deg. & Hosaka – eastern Maui
    • Cyanea humboldtiana (Gaudich.) Lammers – Oahu
    • Cyanea kahiliensis (H.St.John) Lammers – Kauai
    • Cyanea kauaulaensis H.Oppenh. & Lorence – western Maui
    • † Cyanea kolekoleensis (H.St.John) Lammers – southern Kauai: Wahiawa Mts; last recorded in 1996
    • Cyanea konahuanuiensis Sporck-Koehler, M.Waite & A.M.Williams - Oahu: Koʻolau Range; critically endangered
    • Cyanea koolauensis Lammers, Givnish & Sytsma – Oahu
    • Cyanea kuhihewa Lammers – Kauai: Limahuli Valley
    • Cyanea kunthiana (Gaudich.) Hillebr. – Maui
    • Cyanea lanceolata (Gaudich.) Lammers, Givnish & Sytsma – Oahu
    • Cyanea leptostegia A.Gray – western Kauai
    • Cyanea linearifolia Rock – Kauai: Hi'i Mts.
    • Cyanea lobata H.Mann
    • Cyanea longiflora (Wawra) Lammers, Givnish & Sytsma – Oahu
    • † Cyanea longissima (Rock) H.St.John – eastern Maui: Windward slope of Haleakala
    • Cyanea macrostegia Hillebr. – Maui
    • Cyanea magnicalyx Lammers – western Maui
    • Cyanea mannii (Brigham ex H.Mann) Hillebr. – central Molokai
    • Cyanea maritae Lammers & H.Oppenh. - eastern Maui
    • Cyanea marksii Rock – Hawaii
    • Cyanea mauiensis (Rock) Lammers – Maui
    • Cyanea mceldowneyi Rock – eastern Maui
    • Cyanea membranacea Rock – Oahu
    • Cyanea minutiflora Lammers – Kauai
    • Cyanea munroi (Hosaka) Lammers – Lanai and Molokai
    • Cyanea obtusa (A.Gray) Hillebr. – Maui
    • † Cyanea parvifolia (C.N.Forbes) Lammers, Givnish & Sytsma – Kauai: Wai'oli Valley
    • Cyanea pilosa A.Gray – Hawaii
    • Cyanea pinnatifida (Cham.) E.Wimm. – Oahu
    • Cyanea platyphylla A.Gray) Hillebr. - Hawaii; critically endangered
    • Cyanea pohaku Lammers – eastern Maui
    • Cyanea procera Hillebr. – eastern Molokai
    • Cyanea profuga C.N.Forbes – eastern Molokai: Mapulehu and Pelekunu
    • Cyanea pseudofauriei Lammers – Kauai
    • Cyanea purpurellifolia (Rock) Lammers, Givnish & Sytsma – Oahu: Koʻolau Range
    • † Cyanea pycnocarpa (Hillebr.) E.Wimm. – Hawaii: Kohala Mts.
    • † Cyanea quercifolia (Hillebr.) E.Wimm. – eastern Maui: Leeward slope of Haleakala
    • † Cyanea recta (Wawra) Hillebr. – northeastern Kauai
    • Cyanea remyi Rock – Kauai
    • Cyanea rivularis Rock – Kauai
    • Cyanea salicina H.Lév. – Kauai
    • Cyanea scabra Hillebr. – western Maui
    • Cyanea sessilifolia (O.Deg.) Lammers – Oahu
    • Cyanea shipmanii Rock – Hawaii
    • Cyanea solanacea Hillebr. – Molokai
    • Cyanea solenocalyx Hillebr. – eastern Molokai
    • Cyanea spathulata (Hillebr.) A.Heller – western Kauai
    • Cyanea st-johnii (Hosaka) Lammers, Givnish & Sytsma – Oahu
    • Cyanea stictophylla Rock – Hawaii
    • Cyanea superba (Cham.) A.Gray - Oahu; extinct in the wild
    • Cyanea tritomantha A.Gray – Hawaii
    • † Cyanea truncata (Rock) Rock - Oahu; Last known plants died in the 1980s.
    • Cyanea undulata C.N.Forbes – south-central Kauai: Wahiawa Bog
  • Delissea Gaudich.
    • Delissea argutidentata (E.Wimm.) H.St.John – northwestern Hawaii
    • † Delissea fallax Hillebr. – northern Hawaii: Hamakua and Hilo; last recorded in 1872
    • Delissea fauriei H.Lév. – eastern Molokai; last recorded in 1910
    • Delissea kauaiensis (Lammers) Lammers – Kauai
    • † Delissea laciniata Hillebr. – southeastern Oahu: Koʻolau Range and Wailupe; last recorded in 1872
    • † Delissea lanaiensis (Rock) Lammers – Lanai; last recorded in 1915
    • † Delissea lauliiana Lammers – southeastern Oahu: Koʻolau Range and Wailupe; last recorded in 1872
    • † Delissea niihauensis H.St.John – northeastern Niihau; last recorded in 1873
    • † Delissea parviflora Hillebr. – northern Hawaii: Kohala Mts. and Mauna Kea; last recorded in 1872
    • Delissea rhytidosperma H.Mann – Kauai
    • † Delissea sinuata Hillebr. – western Oahu; last recorded in 1937
    • † Delissea subcordata Gaudich. Oahu
    • † Delissea takeuchii Lammers – western Oahu: Waiʻanae Range; last recorded in 1987
    • † Delissea undulata Gaudich. – southwestern Maui; last recorded in 1870
    • Delissea waianaeensis Lammers – western Oahu: Waiʻanae Range
  • Lobelia dunbariae Rock - Molokai; critically endangered
  • Lobelia gaudichaudii A.DC. - Oahu: southern Koʻolau Range; critically endangered
  • Lobelia gloria-montis Rock - Molokai and Maui; critically endangered
  • Lobelia grayana E.Wimm. – eastern Maui; critically endangered
  • Lobelia hillebrandii Rock – Maui; critically endangered
  • Lobelia hypoleuca Hillebr. - endangered
  • Lobelia × kauaensis - Kauai; critically endangered
  • Lobelia koolauensis (Hosaka & Fosberg) Lammers – Oahu: northern Koʻolau Range
  • Lobelia monostachya (Rock) Lammers - Oahu: southern Koʻolau Range; critically endangered
  • Lobelia niihauensis H.St.John - Niihau, Kauai, and Oahu; endangered
  • Lobelia oahuensis Rock - Oahu; critically endangered
  • Lobelia remyi Rock - Oahu; endangered
  • Lobelia villosa (Rock) H.St.John & Hosaka - north-central Kauai; critically endangered
  • Lobelia wahiawa Lammers – central Kauai
  • Lobelia yuccoides Hillebr. - Kauai and Oahu; critically endangered
  • Trematolobelia Zahlbr. ex Rock
    • † Trematolobelia auriculata H.St.John – Lanai; last recorded in 1916
    • Trematolobelia grandifolia (Rock) O.Deg. - critically endangered
    • Trematolobelia kaalae (O.Deg.) Lammers – Oahu: Waianae Mts.
    • Trematolobelia kauaiensis (Rock) Skottsb. - Kauai; critically endangered
    • Trematolobelia macrostachys (Hook. & Arn.) Zahlbr. ex Rock - critically endangered
    • † Trematolobelia rockii H.St.John – Molokai; last recorded in 1910
    • Trematolobelia singularis H.St.John - critically endangered
    • Trematolobelia wimmeri O.Deg. & I.Deg.

Goodeniaceae

Boraginales

Boraginaceae

  • Nama sandwicensis A.Gray

Brassicales

Brassicaceae

  • Lepidium arbuscula Hillebr.
  • Lepidium bidentatum var. owaihiense (Cham. & Schltdl.) Fosberg
  • † Lepidium bidentatum var. remyi (Drake) Fosberg – Hawaii; last recorded in 1949.
  • Lepidium orbiculare H.St.John
  • Lepidium serra H.Mann

Capparaceae

Caryophyllales

Amaranthaceae

  • Achyranthes mutica A.Gray – Kauai, Hawaii
  • Achyranthes splendens Mart. ex Moq.
    • Achyranthes splendens var. atollensis (H.St.John) Govaerts – Kure, Midway, Pearl and Hermes, Laysan
    • Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata Hillebr. – Molokai, Lanai, Oahu
    • Achyranthes splendens var. splendens – Maui, Lanai
  • †Aerva sericea Moq. – Last observed in 1836
  • Amaranthus brownii Christoph. & Caum
  • Charpentiera densiflora Sohmer – Kauai
  • Charpentiera elliptica (Hillebr.) A.Heller – Kauai
  • Charpentiera obovata Gaudich.
  • Charpentiera ovata Gaudich. – Oahu, Maui, Hawaii
  • Charpentiera tomentosa Sohmer
  • Chenopodium oahuense (Meyen) Aellen
  • Nototrichium Hillebr.
    • Nototrichium divaricatum Lorence (synonym Achyranthes divaricata (Lorence) Di Vincenzo, Berends., Wondafr. & Borsch)
    • Nototrichium humile Hillebr. (synonym Achyranthes humilis (Hillebr.) Di Vincenzo, Berends., Wondafr. & Borsch)
    • Nototrichium sandwicense (A.Gray) Hillebr. (synonym Achyranthes sandwicensis (A.Gray) Di Vincenzo, Berends., Wondafr. & Borsch)

Caryophyllaceae

Nyctaginaceae

Phytolaccaceae

Polygonaceae

Portulacaceae

Cornales

Hydrangeaceae

  • Kanawao (Hydrangea arguta (Gaudich.) Y.De Smet & Granados)

Cucurbitales

Begoniaceae

Cucurbitaceae

  • Sicyos albus (H.St.John) I.Telford
  • Sicyos anunu (H.St.John) I.Telford
  • Sicyos cucumerinus A.Gray
  • Sicyos erostratus H.St.John
  • Sicyos herbstii (H.St.John) I.Telford
  • † Sicyos hillebrandii H.St.John – eastern Maui: Kula
  • Sicyos hispidus Hillebr.
  • Sicyos lanceoloideus (H.St.John) W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst
  • Sicyos lasiocephalus Skottsb.
  • Sicyos macrophyllus A.Gray
  • Sicyos maximowiczii Cogn.
  • Sicyos pachycarpus Hook. & Arn.
  • Sicyos semitonsus H.St.John – Lanai
  • Sicyos waimanaloensis H.St.John

Ericales

Ebenaceae

Ericaceae

Pentaphylacaceae

Primulaceae

Sapotaceae

Fabales

Fabaceae

Gentianales

Apocynaceae

Gentianaceae

Loganiaceae

  • Geniostoma cyrtandrae Baill.
  • Geniostoma degeneri (Sherff) Byng & Christenh.
  • Geniostoma gaudichaudii B.J.Conn
  • Geniostoma hedyosmifolium (Baill.) Byng & Christenh.
  • Geniostoma helleri (Sherff) Byng & Christenh.
  • Geniostoma hirtellum (H.Mann) Byng & Christenh.
  • Geniostoma hosakanum (Sherff) Byng & Christenh.
  • Geniostoma hymenopodum (O.Deg. & Sherff) Byng & Christenh.
  • Geniostoma kaalae (C.N.Forbes) K.L.Gibbons, B.J.Conn & Henwood
  • Geniostoma lorencianum (K.R.Wood, W.L.Wagner & T.J.Motley) Byng & Christenh.
  • Geniostoma lydgatei (C.N.Forbes) Byng & Christenh.
  • Geniostoma pumilum (Hillebr.) Byng & Christenh.
  • Geniostoma tinifolium (A.Gray) B.J.Conn
  • Geniostoma triflorum (Hillebr.) Byng & Christenh. – southeastern Molokai
  • Geniostoma venosum (Sherff) Byng & Christenh.
  • Geniostoma waialealae (Wawra) Byng & Christenh.
  • Geniostoma waiolani (Wawra) Byng & Christenh.

Rubiaceae

  • Bobea brevipes A.Gray – Kauai and Oahu
  • Bobea elatior Gaudich.
  • Bobea sandwicensis (A.Gray) Hillebr.
  • Bobea timonioides (Hook.f.) Hillebr. – Hawaii and Maui
  • Coprosma cordicarpa J.Cantley, Sporck-Koehler & Chau
  • Coprosma cymosa Hillebr. – Leeward Is.
  • Coprosma elliptica W.R.B.Oliv. – Kauai
  • Coprosma ernodeoides A.Gray – Hawaii and Maui
  • Coprosma foliosa A.Gray
  • Coprosma kauensis (A.Gray) A.Heller – Kauai
  • Coprosma kawaikiniensis K.R.Wood, Lorence & Kiehn
  • Coprosma longifolia A.Gray – Oahu
  • Coprosma menziesii A.Gray Hawaii
  • Coprosma × molokaiensis H.St.John (C. ochracea × C. ternata) – eastern Molokai
  • Coprosma montana Hillebr. – Hawaii and eastern Maui
  • Coprosma ochracea W.R.B.Oliv.
  • Coprosma pubens A.Gray
  • Coprosma rhynchocarpa A.Gray – Hawaii
  • Coprosma stephanocarpa Hillebr. – Maui
  • Coprosma ternata W.R.B.Oliv. – eastern Molokai
  • Coprosma waimeae Wawra – Kauai
  • Na'u (Gardenia brighamii H.Mann) - Hawaii and western Maui; critically endangered
  • Gardenia mannii H.St.John & Kuykendall – Oahu
  • Gardenia remyi H.Mann
  • Gynochthodes trimera (Hillebr.) Razafim. & B.Bremer
  • Kadua acuminata Cham. & Schltdl.
  • Kadua affinis Cham. & Schltdl.
  • Kadua axillaris (Wawra) W.L.Wagner & Lorence – Hawaii, Maui, and Molokai
  • Kadua centranthoides Hook. & Arn.
  • Kadua cookiana Cham. & Schltdl. – Hawaii and Kauai
  • Kadua cordata Cham. & Schltdl.
  • Kadua coriacea (Sm.) W.L.Wagner & Lorence – Hawaii and Maui
  • Kadua degeneri (Fosberg) W.L.Wagner & Lorence – Oahu: Waianae Mts.
  • Kadua elatior (H.Mann) A.Heller
  • Kadua fluviatilis C.N.Forbes
  • Kadua flynnii (W.L.Wagner & Lorence) W.L.Wagner & Lorence – Kauai
  • Kadua foggiana (Fosberg) W.L.Wagner & Lorence – Kauai
  • † Kadua foliosa Hillebr. – easten Maui: Southwest Slope, Haleaka
  • Kadua formosa Hillebr. – western Maui
  • † Kadua haupuensis Lorence & W.L.Wagner
  • Kadua knudsenii Hillebr. – Kauai
  • Kadua laxiflora H.Mann – Molokai, Lanai, and western Maui
  • Kadua littoralis Hillebr.
  • Kadua munroi (Fosberg) Govaerts – Oahu and Lanai
  • Kadua parvula A.Gray – Oahu: Waianae Mts.
  • Kadua st-johnii (B.C.Stone & Lane) W.L.Wagner & Lorence – Kauai
  • Kadua tryblium (D.R.Herbst & W.L.Wagner) W.L.Wagner & Lorence eastern Windward Is. and Kauai
  • Psychotria fauriei (H.Lév.) Fosberg – Oahu: Koolau Range
  • Psychotria grandiflora H.Mann – Kauai
  • Psychotria greenwelliae Fosberg – Kauai
  • Psychotria hathewayi Fosberg
  • Psychotria hawaiiensis (A.Gray) Fosberg
  • Psychotria hexandra H.Mann – Kauai and Oahu
  • Psychotria hobdyi Sohmer – Kauai
  • Psychotria kaduana (Cham. & Schltdl.) Fosberg
  • Psychotria mariniana (Cham. & Schltdl.) Fosberg
  • Psychotria mauiensis Fosberg
  • Psychotria wawrae Sohmer – eastern Kauai

Geraniales

Geraniaceae

Gunnerales

Gunneraceae

Huerteales

Dipentodontaceae

  • Perrottetia sandwicensis A.Gray
  • Perrottetia wichmaniorum Lorence & W.L.Wagner – Kauai

Isoetales

Isoetaceae

  • Isoetes hawaiiensis W.C.Taylor & W.H.Wagner – Maui and Hawaii

Lamiales

Gesneriaceae

  • Cyrtandra × alata H.St.John & Storey (C. hawaiensis × C. laxiflora)
  • Cyrtandra × alnea H.St.John (C. paludosa × C. ?)
  • Cyrtandra × ambigua (Hillebr.) H.St.John & Storey (C. paludosa × C. polyantha)
  • Cyrtandra × arguta (A.Gray) C.B.Clarke (C. paludosa × C. platyphylla)
  • Cyrtandra × atomigyna H.St.John & Storey (C. hawaiensis × C. kalihii)
  • Cyrtandra × axilliflora H.St.John & Storey (C. kalihii × C. subumbellata)
  • Cyrtandra × basipartita H.St.John – (C. kalihii × C. propinqua)
  • Cyrtandra biserrata Hillebr. – eastern Molokai
  • Cyrtandra calpidicarpa (Rock) H.St.John & Storey – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra × carinata H.St.John & Storey (C. cordifolia × C. lessoniana)
  • Cyrtandra × caudatisepala H.St.John (C. calpidicarpa × C. propinqua)
  • Cyrtandra × caulescens Rock (C. platyphylla × C. spathulata)
  • Cyrtandra × christophersenii H.St.John & Storey (C. garnotiana × C. waianaeensis)
  • Cyrtandra × cladantha Skottsb. (C. kohalae × C. platyphylla)
  • Cyrtandra confertiflora (Wawra) C.B.Clarke
  • Cyrtandra × conradtii Rock (C. grayi × C. hawaiensis)
  • Cyrtandra cordifolia Gaudich. – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra × crassifolia (Hillebr.) Rock (C. cordifolia × C. garnotiana)
  • Cyrtandra × crassior H.St.John & Storey (C. cordifolia × C. rivularis)
  • Cyrtandra crenata H.St.John & Storey – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra × cupuliformis H.St.John & Storey (C. garnotiana × C. lessoniana)
  • Cyrtandra cyaneoides Rock – Kauai: Wai'alae Valley
  • Cyrtandra dentata H.St.John & Storey – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra ferripilosa H.St.John – Maui
  • Cyrtandra × ferrocolorata H.St.John (C. hawaiensis × C. propinqua)
  • Cyrtandra × ferruginosa H.St.John & Storey (C. cordifolia × C. grandiflora)
  • Cyrtandra filipes Hillebr. – Molokai and western Maui
  • Cyrtandra × forbesii H.St.John & Storey (C. kaalae × C. laxiflora)
  • Cyrtandra garnotiana Gaudich. – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra × georgiata C.N.Forbes (C. grayana × C. munroi)
  • Cyrtandra giffardii Rock – Hawaii
  • Cyrtandra gracilis Hillebr. ex C.B.Clarke – Oahu: Ko'olau Range
  • Cyrtandra grandiflora Gaudich. – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra grayana Hillebr. – Molokai and western Maui
  • Cyrtandra grayi C.B.Clarke – Molokai and Maui
  • Cyrtandra halawensis Rock – Molokai
  • Cyrtandra hashimotoi Rock – Maui
  • Cyrtandra hawaiensis C.B.Clarke
  • Cyrtandra heinrichii H.St.John – Kauai
  • Cyrtandra hematos H.St.John – eastern Molokai
  • Cyrtandra × honolulensis Wawra (C. cordifolia × C. sandwicensis)
  • Cyrtandra × hosakae H.St.John & Storey (C. lessoniana × C. paludosa)
  • Cyrtandra × kaalae H.St.John & Storey (C. kalihii × C. lessoniana)
  • Cyrtandra × kahanaensis H.St.John & Storey (C. garnotiana × C. subumbellata)
  • Cyrtandra kalichii Wawra – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra kamoolaensis H.St.John – Kauai
  • Cyrtandra kauaiensis Wawra – northeast Kauai
  • Cyrtandra kaulantha H.St.John & Storey – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra kealiae Wawra – Kauai
  • Cyrtandra × kipahuluensis H.St.John (C. paludosa × C. spathulata)
  • Cyrtandra × kipapaensis H.St.John & Storey (C. cordifolia × C. laxiflora)
  • † Cyrtandra kohalae Rock – Hawaii: Kohala Mts.
  • Cyrtandra × laevis H.St.John (C. cordifolia × C. paludosa)
  • Cyrtandra laxiflora H.Mann – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra lessoniana Gaudich. – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra longifolia (Wawra) Hillebr. ex C.B.Clarke – Kauai
  • Cyrtandra lydgatei Hillebr. – Lanai, eastern Molokai, and western Maui
  • Cyrtandra lysiosepala (A.Gray) C.B.Clarke – Hawaii
  • Cyrtandra macraei A.Gray – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra macrocalyx Hillebr. – Molokai
  • Cyrtandra × malacophylla C.B.Clarke (C. hashimotoi × C. platyphylla)
  • Cyrtandra × mannii H.St.John & Storey (C. lessoniana × C. waianaeensis)
  • Cyrtandra menziesii Hook. & Arn. – Hawaii
  • Cyrtandra munroi C.N.Forbes – Lanai
  • Cyrtandra nanawaleensis H.St.John – Hawaii
  • Cyrtandra × nutans H.St.John (C. grayi × C. platyphylla)
  • Cyrtandra oenobarba H.Mann – Kauai
  • † Cyrtandra olona C.N.Forbes – Kauai: Wahiawa Mts.
  • Cyrtandra × opaeulae H.St.John & Storey (C. dentata × C. laxiflora)
  • Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst – western Maui
  • Cyrtandra paliku W.L.Wagner, K.R.Wood & Lorence – northeastern Kauai
  • Cyrtandra paludosa Gaudich.
  • Cyrtandra pickeringii A.Gray
  • Cyrtandra platyphylla A.Gray – Maui and Hawaii
  • Cyrtandra polyantha C.B.Clarke – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra procera Hillebr. – Molokai
  • Cyrtandra propinqua C.N.Forbes – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra pruinosa H.St.John & Storey – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra × pubens H.St.John (C. cordifolia × C. kalihii)
  • Cyrtandra × ramosissima Rock (C. giffardii × C. platyphylla)
  • Cyrtandra rivularis H.St.John & Storey – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra × rockii H.St.John & Storey (C. paludosa × C. propinqua)
  • Cyrtandra sandwicensis (H.Lév.) H.St.John & Storey – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra × scabrella C.B.Clarke (C. kalihii × C. paludosa)
  • Cyrtandra sessilis H.St.John & Storey – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra spathulata H.St.John – Maui
  • Cyrtandra × subintegra H.St.John (C. grandiflora × C. lessoniana)
  • Cyrtandra subumbellata (Hillebr.) H.St.John & Storey – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra tintinnabula Rock – Hawaii
  • Cyrtandra × turbiniformis H.St.John & Storey (C. grandiflora × C. laxiflora)
  • Cyrtandra × umbraculiflora Rock (C. kauaiensis × C. wawrae)
  • Cyrtandra vespertina H.St.John – Maui
  • Cyrtandra × villicalyx H.St.John & Storey (C. cordifolia × C. propinqua)
  • Cyrtandra viridiflora H.St.John & Storey – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra wagneri Lorence & Perlman – Hawaii
  • Cyrtandra waianaeensis H.St.John & Storey – Oahu
  • Cyrtandra wainihaensis H.Lév. – Kauai
  • Cyrtandra waiolani Wawra – Oahu: Ko'olau Range
  • Cyrtandra wawrae C.B.Clarke – Kauai

Lamiaceae

  • Haplostachys (A.Gray) Hillebr.
    • Haplostachys bryanii Sherff – southwestern and central Molokai
    • Haplostachys haplostachya (A.Gray) H.St.John
    • † Haplostachys linearifolia (Drake) Sherff – Maui and Molokai; last recorded in 1928
    • Haplostachys munroi C.N.Forbes – western Lanai
    • † Haplostachys truncata (A.Gray) Hillebr – Maui; last recorded in 1855
  • Phyllostegia ambigua (A.Gray) Hillebr. – Hawaii and Maui
  • Phyllostegia bracteata Sherff – Maui
  • Phyllostegia brevidens A.Gray – Hawaii and eastern Maui
  • Phyllostegia electra C.N.Forbes – Kauai
  • Phyllostegia floribunda Benth. – Hawaii
  • Phyllostegia glabra (Gaudich.) Benth.
  • Phyllostegia grandiflora (Gaudich.) Benth. – Oahu
  • Phyllostegia haliakalae Wawra – Maui and Molokai
  • Phyllostegia helleri Sherff – Kauai: Wai'alae Valley
  • † Phyllostegia hillebrandii H.Mann ex Hillebr.
  • Phyllostegia hirsuta Benth. – Oahu
  • Phyllostegia hispida Hillebr. – eastern Molokai
  • Phyllostegia kaalaensis H.St.John – Oahu
  • Phyllostegia kahiliensis H.St.John – Kauai
  • † Phyllostegia knudsenii Hillebr. – Kauai: Koaie Canyon
  • Phyllostegia lantanoides Sherff – Oahu
  • Phyllostegia macrophylla (Gaudich.) Benth. – eastern Maui and eastern Hawaii
  • Phyllostegia mannii Sherff – eastern Maui and eastern Molokai
  • Phyllostegia micrantha H.St.John
  • Phyllostegia mollis Benth.
  • Phyllostegia parviflora (Gaudich.) Benth.
  • Phyllostegia pilosa H.St.John
  • Phyllostegia racemosa Benth.
  • Phyllostegia renovans W.L.Wagner – northeastern Kauai
  • † Phyllostegia rockii Sherff – eastern Maui: Ukelele
  • Phyllostegia stachyoides A.Gray
  • Phyllostegia variabilis Bitter – Kure Atoll, Midway Atoll, and Laysan; last recorded in 1961
  • Phyllostegia velutina (Sherff) H.St.John – Hawaii
  • Phyllostegia vestita Benth. – Hawaii
  • Phyllostegia waimeae Wawra – Kauai
  • Phyllostegia warshaueri H.St.John – Hawaii
  • Phyllostegia wawrana Sherff – Kauai: Hanalei and Koke'e
  • Phyllostegia × yamaguchii Hosaka & O.Deg. – (P. glabra × P. hirsuta)
  • Stenogyne Benth.
    • Stenogyne angustifolia A.Gray
    • Stenogyne bifida Hillebr. – Molokai
    • Stenogyne calaminthoides A.Gray – Hawaii
    • Stenogyne calycosa Sherff – Maui
    • Stenogyne campanulata Weller & Sakai – Kauai
    • † Stenogyne cinerea Hillebr. – E. Maui: Kula
    • Stenogyne cranwelliae Sherff
    • † Stenogyne haliakalae Wawra
    • Stenogyne kaalae Wawra – Oahu
    • Stenogyne kamehamehae Wawra – Maui and Molokai
    • Stenogyne kanehoana O.Deg. & Sherff – Oahu
    • Stenogyne kauaulaensis K.R.Wood & H.Oppenh. – western Maui
    • Stenogyne macrantha Benth. – Hawaii
    • Stenogyne microphylla Benth. – Hawaii and eastern Maui
    • † Stenogyne oxygona O.Deg. & Sherff – Hawaii: Kohala Mts.
    • Stenogyne purpurea H.Mann – Kauai
    • Stenogyne rotundifolia A.Gray – eastern Maui
    • Stenogyne rugosa Benth. – Hawaii and eastern Maui
    • Stenogyne scrophularioides Benth. – Hawaii
    • Stenogyne sessilis Benth. Hawaii, Lanai, and Maui
    • † Stenogyne viridis Hillebr. – western Maui: Ka'anapali

Oleaceae

Plantaginaceae

Scrophulariaceae

  • Myoporum stellatum (G.L.Webster) O.Deg. & I.Deg.

Laurales

Lauraceae

  • Cryptocarya mannii Hillebr. – Kauai and Oahu
  • Lindsaea knudsenii Hillebr. – Kauai

Liliales

Smilacaceae

Malpighiales

Euphorbiaceae

Phyllanthaceae

Salicaceae

Violaceae

Malvales

Malvaceae

Thymelaeaceae

Myrtales

Myrtaceae

Piperales

Piperaceae

  • Peperomia alternifolia Yunck.
  • Peperomia cookiana C.DC.
  • † Peperomia degeneri Yunck. – Molokai: Kalua`aha Valley; last recorded in 1928
  • Peperomia eekana C.DC.
  • Peperomia ellipticibacca C.DC. – Oahu
  • Peperomia expallescens C.DC.
  • Peperomia globulanthera C.DC.
  • Peperomia hesperomannii Wawra – Kauai
  • Peperomia hirtipetiola C.DC.
  • Peperomia hypoleuca Miq.
  • Peperomia kipahuluensis H.H.St.John & Lamoureux – eastern Maui
  • Peperomia kokeana Yunck. – Kauai
  • Peperomia latifolia Miq.
  • Peperomia ligustrina Hillebr.
  • Peperomia macraeana C.DC.
  • Peperomia mauiensis Wawra
  • Peperomia membranacea Hook. & Arn.
  • Peperomia oahuensis C.DC. – Kauai and Oahu
  • Peperomia obovatilimba C.DC.
  • Peperomia remyi C.DC.
  • Peperomia rockii C.DC. – eastern Molokai
  • Peperomia sandwicensis Miq.
  • † Peperomia subpetiolata Yunck. – eastern Maui

Poales

Cyperaceae

Joinvilleaceae

  • Joinvillea ascendens Gaudich. ex Brongn. & Gris

Juncaceae

Poaceae

  • Agrostis sandwicensis Hillebr.
  • Calamagrostis hillebrandii (Munro ex Hillebr.) Hitchc. – Maui
  • Cenchrus agrimonioides Trin.
  • Deschampsia nubigena Hillebr.
  • Dichanthelium cynodon (Reichardt) C.A.Clark & Gould
  • Dichanthelium hillebrandianum (Hitchc.) C.A.Clark & Gould
  • Dichanthelium isachnoides (Hillebr.) C.A.Clark & Gould
  • Dichanthelium koolauense (H.St.John & Hosaka) C.A.Clark & Gould
  • Dissochondrus (Hillebr.) Kuntze
  • Eragrostis atropioides Hillebr.
  • Eragrostis deflexa Hitchc. – Hawaii and Lanai
  • Eragrostis fosbergii Whitney – Oahu: Wai'anaea; Mt. Kala to Kolekole Pass
  • Eragrostis grandis Hillebr.
  • Eragrostis leptophylla Hitchc.
  • Eragrostis mauiensis Hitchc. – Lanai, Maui: Wailuku
  • Eragrostis monticola (Gaudich.) Hillebr.
  • Eragrostis variabilis (Gaudich.) Hook. & Arn.
  • Festuca aloha Catalán, Soreng & P.M.Peterson – Kauai
  • Festuca hawaiiensis Hitchc.
  • Festuca molokaiensis Soreng, P.M.Peterson & Catalán
  • Greeneochloa expansa (Munro ex Hillebr.) P.M.Peterson, Romasch. & Soreng
  • Isachne pallens Hillebr.
  • Koeleria inaequalis (Whitney) Barberá, Quintanar, Soreng & P.M.Peterson
  • Panicum beecheyi Hook. & Arn.
  • Panicum fauriei Hitchc.
  • Panicum konaense Whitney & Hosaka
  • Panicum lineale H.St.John
  • Panicum longivaginatum H.St.John
  • Panicum nephelophilum Gaudich.
  • Panicum niihauense H.St.John
  • Panicum pellitum Trin.
  • Panicum ramosius Hitchc.
  • Panicum tenuifolium Hook. & Arn.
  • Panicum torridum Gaudich.
  • Panicum xerophilum (Hillebr.) Hitchc.
  • Poa mannii Munro ex Hillebr. – Kauai
  • Poa sandvicensis (Reichardt) Hitchc.
  • Poa siphonoglossa Hack.
  • Trisetum glomeratum (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud.

Oxalidales

Elaeocarpaceae

Ranunculales

Papaveraceae

Ranunculaceae

  • Ranunculus hawaiensis A.Gray
  • Ranunculus mauiensis A.Gray

Rosales

Rhamnaceae

Rosaceae

Urticaceae

Salviniales

Marsileaceae

Santalales

Santalaceae

Sapindales

Anacardiaceae

Rutaceae

  • Melicope adscendens (H.St.John & E.P.Hume) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone – eastern Maui: Auwahi
  • Melicope anisata (H.Mann) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope balloui (Rock) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone – Maui: Haleakala
  • Melicope barbigera A.Gray
  • Melicope christophersenii (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone – Oahu
  • Melicope cinerea A.Gray
  • Melicope clusiifolia (A.Gray) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • † Melicope cornuta (Hillebr.) Appelhans, K.R.Wood & W.L.Wagner Oahu: Ko'olau Range
  • Melicope cruciata (A.Heller) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope degeneri (B.C.Stone) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone – Kauai: Koke'e stream
  • Melicope elliptica A.Gray
  • Melicope feddei (H.Lév.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope haleakalae (B.C.Stone) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope haupuensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope hawaiensis (Wawra) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope hiiakae (B.C.Stone) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope hosakae (H.St.John) W.L.Wagner & R.K.Shannon
  • Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope kavaiensis (H.Mann) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope knudsenii (Hillebr.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope lydgatei (Hillebr.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone – Oahu: Ko'olau Range
  • † Melicope macropus (Hillebr.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone – Kauai; last recorded in the late 1800s
  • Melicope makahae (B.C.Stone) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope molokaiensis (Hillebr.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope mucronulata (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope munroi (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope nealae (B.C.Stone) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone – Kauai; last observed in 1960
  • Melicope oahuensis (H.Lév.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope obovata (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone – Maui
  • Melicope oppenheimeri K.R.Wood
  • Melicope orbicularis (Hillebr.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope ovalis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone – eastern Maui: above Hana
  • Melicope ovata (H.St.John & E.P.Hume) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope pallida (Hillebr.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope paniculata (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone – Kauai
  • Melicope peduncularis (H.Lév.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope pseudoanisata (Rock) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope puberula (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope quadrangularis (H.St.John & E.P.Hume) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone – Kauai: Wahiawa Swamp
  • Melicope radiata (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope reflexa (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope remyi (Sherff) Appelhans, K.R.Wood & W.L.Wagner
  • Melicope rostrata (Hillebr.) Appelhans, K.R.Wood & W.L.Wagner
  • Melicope rotundifolia (A.Gray) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope saint-johnii (E.P.Hume) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope sandwicensis (Gaudich. ex Hook. & Arn.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope sessilis (H.Lév.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope spathulata A.Gray
  • Melicope stonei K.R.Wood, Appelhans & W.L.Wagner – northwestern Kauai
  • Melicope volcanica (A.Gray) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope waialealae (Wawra) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • † Melicope wailauensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone – Molokai: Kukuinui Ridge and Wailau Valley
  • Melicope wawraeana (Rock) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Melicope zahlbruckneri (Rock) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone
  • Zanthoxylum dipetalum H.Mann
  • Zanthoxylum hawaiiense Hillebr.
  • Zanthoxylum kauaense A.Gray
  • Zanthoxylum oahuense Hillebr.

Sapindaceae

Schizaeales

Schizaeaceae

  • Schizaea robusta Baker

Solanales

Convolvulaceae

Solanaceae

Fungi

Hygrophoraceae

Hygrocybe

  • Glowing like the sun Hygrocybe lamalama[8]
  • Slippery like a fish Hygrocybe pakelo[8]
  • Pink rose in the mist or rain forest Hygrocybe noelokelani[8]
  • Hygrocybe hapuuae[8]

See also

References

Further reading

External links

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