Dipterocarpus flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae .
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D. retusus Dipterocarpus is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known for timber, but less acknowledged for use in traditional herbal medicine.[1] [2] South Asia and Southeast Asia , from Sri Lanka and India to the Philippines .[3] dipterocarp forests. Its generic name comes from Greek and means "two-winged fruits".
The greatest diversity of Dipterocarpus species occurs on Borneo , with many endemic to the island. The oldest fossil of the genus, and Dipterocarpaceae, is from the latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian ) Intertrappean Beds of India.[4]
The genus is of considerable importance as timber trees and for producing resinous oil. The oil is sold under the trade names gurjun oil, kanyin oil, wood oil, and Keruing oil.[5] D. turbinatus , gurjan, is a major commercial timber species found in the Andaman islands . Gurjan wood is very important for making plywood.
There are 65 accepted species:[6]
Dipterocarpus acutangulus Vesque – Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and BorneoDipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G.Don – northeastern India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, and PhilippinesDipterocarpus applanatus Slooten – BorneoDipterocarpus baudii Korth. – Bangladesh, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, and SumatraDipterocarpus borneensis Sooten – Borneo and SumatraDipterocarpus bourdillonii Brandis – southwestern IndiaDipterocarpus caudiferus Merr. – BorneoDipterocarpus chartaceus Symington – Peninsular Thailand and Peninsular MalaysiaDipterocarpus cinereus Slooten – central SumatraDipterocarpus concavus Foxw. – Peninsular Malaysia and SumatraDipterocarpus condorensis Pierre – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines, and Vietnam
Dipterocarpus condorensis subsp. condorensis – Vietnam (Con Dao) and Philippines (Luzon and Mindanao)Dipterocarpus condorensis subsp. penangianus (Foxw.) P.S.Ashton & Luu – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus confertus Slooten – BorneoDipterocarpus conformis Slooten – northern SumatraDipterocarpus coriaceus Slooten – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus cornutus Dyer – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus costatus C.F.Gaertn. – Bangladesh, Indochina, and Peninsular MalaysiaDipterocarpus costulatus Slooten – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus crinitus Dyer – Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus cuspidatus P.S.Ashton – Borneo (northeastern Sarawak)Dipterocarpus dyeri Pierre ex Laness. – Indochina, northern Peninsular Malaysia, and northwestern BorneoDipterocarpus elongatus Korth. – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus eurhynchus Miq. – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, southern PhilippinesDipterocarpus fagineus Vesque – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus fusiformis P.S.Ashton – northeastern BorneoDipterocarpus geniculatus Vesque – BorneoDipterocarpus glabrigemmatus P.S.Ashton – BorneoDipterocarpus glandulosus Thwaites – southwestern Sri LankaDipterocarpus globosus Vesque – BorneoDipterocarpus gracilis Blume – Assam to western Malesia and the PhilippinesDipterocarpus grandiflorus (Blanco) Blanco – Bangladesh to Indochina, western Malesia, and the Philippines. The wood is sold as keruing timberDipterocarpus hasseltii Blume – Indochina, western Malesia, Philippines, and Lesser Sunda IslandsDipterocarpus hispidus Thwaites – Sri LankaDipterocarpus humeratus Slooten – Sumatra and BorneoDipterocarpus indicus Bedd. – southwestern IndiaDipterocarpus insignis Thwaites – Sri LankaDipterocarpus intricatus Dyer – Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and VietnamDipterocarpus kerrii King – Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, and the Philippines. The wood is sold as keruing timberDipterocarpus kunstleri King – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, and the PhilippinesDipterocarpus lamellatus Hook.f. – Borneo (southwestern Sabah)Dipterocarpus littoralis Blume – southern JavaDipterocarpus lowii Hook.f. – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus mundus Slooten – central BorneoDipterocarpus nudus Vesque – northwestern BorneoDipterocarpus oblongifolius Blume – southern Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and BorneoDipterocarpus obtusifolius Teijsm. ex Miq. – Indochina and Peninsular MalaysiaDipterocarpus ochraceus Meijer – northern BorneoDipterocarpus orbicularis Foxw. – Philippines (Luzon)Dipterocarpus pachyphyllus Meijer – northern and northwestern BorneoDipterocarpus palembanicus Slooten – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus perakensis P.S.Ashton – Peninsular MalaysiaDipterocarpud pseudocornutus P.S.Ashton – PhilippinesDipterocarpus retusus Blume – Assam and Tibet to China (Yunnan), Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, and Lesser Sunda IslandsDipterocarpus rigidus Ridl. – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus rotundifolius Foxw. – Peninsular MalaysiaDipterocarpus sarawakensis Slooten – eastern Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Locally called the Sarawak keruing Dipterocarpus scaber Buch.-Ham. – BangladeshDipterocarpus semivestitus Slooten – Peninsular Malaysia (Perak) and southeastern BorneoDipterocarpus stellatus Vesque – western BorneoDipterocarpus sublamellatus Foxw. – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus tempehes Slooten – BorneoDipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. – Bangladesh to IndochinaDipterocarpus turbinatus C.F.Gaertn. – eastern India to Indochina. The wood is sold as keruing timberDipterocarpus validus Blume – northern and eastern Borneo to the PhilippinesDipterocarpus verrucosus Foxw. ex Slooten – Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and BorneoDipterocarpus zeylanicus Thwaites – Sri Lanka
Christophe Wiart (2006). Medicinal Plants of the Asia-Pacific: Drugs for the Future? . World Scientific.
Ashton, P. S. (2003), Kubitzki, Klaus; Bayer, Clemens (eds.), "Dipterocarpaceae" , Flowering Plants · Dicotyledons: Malvales, Capparales and Non-betalain Caryophyllales , The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 182–197, doi :10.1007/978-3-662-07255-4_20 , ISBN 978-3-662-07255-4 , retrieved 2021-07-02 
