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Dipotassium phosphate

Chemical compound From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dipotassium phosphate

Dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) (also dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate; potassium phosphate dibasic) is the inorganic compound with the formula K2HPO4.(H2O)x (x = 0, 3, 6). Together with monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4.(H2O)x), it is often used as a fertilizer, food additive, and buffering agent.[1] It is a white or colorless solid that is soluble in water.

Quick Facts Names, Identifiers ...
Dipotassium phosphate
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Names
IUPAC name
Potassium hydrogen phosphate
Other names
Potassium monohydrogen phosphate
Phosphoric acid dipotassium salt
Potassium phosphate dibasic
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.940
EC Number
  • 231-834-5
E number E340(ii) (antioxidants, ...)
UNII
  • InChI=1S/2K.H3O4P/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2 Y
    Key: ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L Y
  • InChI=1/2K.H3O4P/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
    Key: ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-NUQVWONBAH
  • [K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)O
Properties
K2HPO4
Molar mass 174.2 g/mol
Appearance white powder
deliquescent
Odor odorless
Density 2.44 g/cm3
Melting point > 465 °C (869 °F; 738 K) decomposes
149.25 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility slightly soluble in alcohol
Acidity (pKa) 12.4
Basicity (pKb) 6.8
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
ThumbHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
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0
0
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other cations
 Disodium phosphate
Diammonium phosphate
Related compounds
 Monopotassium phosphate
Tripotassium phosphate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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It is produced commercially by partial neutralization of phosphoric acid with two equivalents of potassium chloride:[1]

H3PO4 + 2 KCl → K2HPO4 + 2 HCl

Uses

As a food additive, dipotassium phosphate is used in imitation dairy creamers, dry powder beverages, mineral supplements, and starter cultures.[2] It functions as an emulsifier, stabilizer and texturizer; it is also a buffering agent, and chelating agent especially for the calcium in milk products.[3]

As a food additive, dipotassium phosphate is generally recognized as safe by the United States Food and Drug Administration,[4] and is commonly used (in conjunction with other inorganic salts) to add taste to bottled water.[5]

References

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