Demographics of Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia (Latin for New Scotland; French: Nouvelle-Écosse; Scottish Gaelic: Alba Nuadh) is a Canadian province located on the country's southeastern coast. It is the most populous province in Atlantic Canada, and its capital, Halifax, is a major economic centre of the region. Geographically, Nova Scotia is the second smallest province in Canada, with an area of 52,824.71 km² (20,395.73 sq mi). As of 2021, it has a population of 969,383 people.^[1]

Canada Nova Scotia Density 2016

History

Year Population  % change Rank* 5-year 10-year 1827 123,630 – – n/a 1837 199,906 – 62.0 1851 276,854 – – 1861 330,857 – 19.5 1871 387,800 – 17.2 3 1881 440,572 – 13.6 1891 450,396 – 2.2 1901 459,574 – 2.0 1911 492,338 – 7.1 4 1921 523,837 – 6.4 7 1931 512,846 – - 2.1 1941 577,962 – 12.7 1951 642,584 – 11.2 1956 694,717 8.1 – 1961 737,007 6.1 14.7 1966 756,039 2.6 8.8 1971 788,965 4.4 7.0 1976 828,570 5.0 9.6 1981 847,442 2.3 7.4 1986 873,175 3.0 5.4 1991 899,942 3.1 6.2 1996 909,282 1.0 4.1 2001 908,007 - 0.1 0.9 2006 913,462 0.6 2.8 2011 921,727 0.9 1.5 2016 923,598 0.2 1.1 2021 969,383 5.0 5.2

Source:^[2] Statistics Canada ^[3][4]
* among provinces.
** Preliminary 2006 census estimate.

Population geography

Population centres

Main article: List of population centres in Nova Scotia

The Halifax population centre is the largest urban area in Nova Scotia. Statistics Canada recognizes a total of 37 population centres in the province.^[5]

The below table is a list of those population centres in Nova Scotia from the 2021 Census of Population as designated, named, and delineated by Statistics Canada.^[6]

Rank	Population centre[6]	Size group[6]	Population (2021)[6]	Population (2016)[6]	Change[6]	Land area[6]		Population density[6]
						km2	sq mi	/km2	/sq mi
1	Halifax	Large urban	348,634	317,334	+9.9%	238.29	92.00	1,463.1	3,789
2	Cape Breton - Sydney	Medium	30,960	30,170	+2.6%	30.91	11.93	1,001.6	2,594
3	Truro	Small	23,583	23,205	+1.6%	31.52	12.17	748.2	1,938
4	New Glasgow	Small	19,316	19,137	+0.9%	29.82	11.51	647.8	1,678
5	Glace Bay	Small	16,915	17,604	−3.9%	31.19	12.04	542.3	1,405
6	Kentville	Small	14,905	14,449	+3.2%	27.98	10.80	532.7	1,380
7	Sydney Mines	Small	12,353	12,823	−3.7%	18.11	6.99	682.1	1,767
8	Amherst	Small	9,548	9,550	0.0%	12.38	4.78	771.2	1,997
9	Bridgewater	Small	8,790	8,532	+3.0%	13.63	5.26	644.9	1,670
10	Yarmouth	Small	7,848	7,527	+4.3%	16.81	6.49	466.9	1,209
11	Kingston - Greenwood	Small	7,118	6,879	+3.5%	17.22	6.65	413.4	1,071
12	New Waterford	Small	6,723	7,416	−9.3%	9.23	3.56	728.4	1,887
13	Enfield - Lantz	Small	6,583	6,807	−3.3%	11.67	4.51	564.1	1,461
14	Antigonish	Small	5,620	5,079	+10.7%	5.88	2.27	955.8	2,476
15	Windsor	Small	5,514	5,248	+5.1%	10.56	4.08	522.2	1,352
16	Wolfville	Small	5,057	4,195	+20.5%	6.46	2.49	782.8	2,027
17	Still Water Lake	Small	3,379	3,447	−2.0%	8.23	3.18	410.6	1,063
18	Port Hawkesbury	Small	2,998	3,004	−0.2%	5	1.9	599.6	1,553
19	Springhill	Small	2,654	2,743	−3.2%	4.84	1.87	548.3	1,420
20	Pictou	Small	2,643	2,711	−2.5%	4.35	1.68	607.6	1,574
21	Eskasoni 3	Small	2,575	2,352	+9.5%	5.7	2.2	451.8	1,170
22	Liverpool	Small	2,546	2,549	−0.1%	3.59	1.39	709.2	1,837
23	Berwick	Small	2,455	2,517	−2.5%	4.31	1.66	569.6	1,475
24	Lunenburg	Small	2,405	2,262	+6.3%	3.35	1.29	717.9	1,859
25	Lake Echo	Small	2,365	2,515	−6.0%	4.76	1.84	496.8	1,287
26	Indian Brook 14	Small	2,332	655	+256.0%	3.89	1.50	599.5	1,553
27	Digby	Small	2,001	2,060	−2.9%	3.16	1.22	633.2	1,640
28	Hantsport	Small	1,542	1,560	−1.2%	2.89	1.12	533.6	1,382
29	Brookside	Small	1,439	1,441	−0.1%	2.81	1.08	512.1	1,326
30	Shelburne	Small	1,439	1,483	−3.0%	2.6	1.0	553.5	1,434
31	Middleton	Small	1,429	1,391	+2.7%	2.72	1.05	525.4	1,361
32	Chester	Small	1,371	1,362	+0.7%	3.23	1.25	424.5	1,099
33	Inverness	Small	1,228	1,248	−1.6%	2.73	1.05	449.8	1,165
34	Centreville	Small	1,159	1,129	+2.7%	2.36	0.91	491.1	1,272
35	Howie Centre	Small	1,106	1,157	−4.4%	1.67	0.64	662.3	1,715
36	Hayes Subdivision	Small	1,044	1,121	−6.9%	1.1	0.42	949.1	2,458
37	Port Williams	Small	1,030	1,120	−8.0%	1.92	0.74	536.5	1,390

Municipalities

Nova Scotia has four regional municipalities.

Towns

Main article: List of towns in Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia has 26 towns, not including the former Town of Canso that dissolved to become part of Guysborough County on July 1, 2012, and the former Towns of Bridgetown and Springhill which dissolved on April 1, 2015.^[8]

Ethnic origins

Note: the percentages do not necessarily add up to 100% as multiple responses are allowed. Ethnic origins with less than 2% of the responses are not listed.^[9]

Ethnic origin (Canada 2016 Census)
Population group	Population	% of total population
Canadian	387,360	42.6%
Scottish	272,880	30.0%
English	262,375	28.9%
Irish	195,865	21.6%
French	149,625	16.5%
German	97,555	10.7%
First Nations (Indigenous North American)	48,640	5.4%
Dutch	32,045	3.5%
Métis	26,025	2.9%
Acadian	23,700	2.6%

Visible minorities and Indigenous peoples

Visible minority and Indigenous population (Canada 2021 Census)[10]
Population group		Population	%
European[lower-alpha 1]		809,995	84.7%
Visible minority group	South Asian	21,655	2.3%
	Chinese	11,600	1.2%
	Black	28,220	3.0%
	Filipino	6,615	0.7%
	Arab	10,610	1.1%
	Latin American	2,915	0.3%
	Southeast Asian	2,400	0.3%
	West Asian	1,875	0.2%
	Korean	2,845	0.3%
	Japanese	985	0.1%
	Visible minority, n.i.e.	970	0.1%
	Multiple visible minorities	2,750	0.3%
Total visible minority population		93,430	9.8%
Indigenous group	First Nations (North American Indian)	28,050	2.9%
	Métis	21,090	2.2%
	Inuk (Inuit)	1,100	0.1%
	Multiple Indigenous responses	885	0.1%
	Indigenous responses n.i.e.	1,300	0.1%
Total Indigenous population		52,430	5.5%
Total population		955,855	100.0%

Language

Knowledge of languages

Knowledge of official languages of Canada in Nova Scotia (2016)
Language			Percent
English only			89.17%
French only			0.08%
English and French			10.45%
Neither English nor French			0.30%

The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses. The following figures are from the 2021 Canadian Census and the 2016 Canadian Census, and lists languages that were selected by at least 0.5 per cent of respondents.

Knowledge of languages in Nova Scotia

Language	2021[11]		2016
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
English	951,945	99.59%	905,020	99.63%
French	99,300	10.39%	95,740	10.54%
Arabic	11,745	1.23%	9,685	1.07%
Hindi	10,115	1.06%	N/A	<0.5%
Spanish	8,675	0.91%	6,990	0.77%
Mandarin	8,525	0.89%	5,435	0.6%
Punjabi	6,730	0.7%	N/A	<0.5%
German	6,665	0.7%	6,335	0.7%
Miꞌkmaq	5,650	0.59%	5,540	0.61%
Tagalog	5,595	0.59%	N/A	<0.5%

Mother tongue

Mother tongue in Nova Scotia: Red – majority anglophone, Orange – mixed, Blue – majority francophone, Brown- majority mi'kmaw.

The 2011 Canadian census showed a population of 921,727.
Of the 904,285 singular responses to the census question concerning mother tongue the most commonly reported languages were:

Ranking	Language	Population	Percentage
1.	English	836,085	92.46%
2.	French	31,105	3.44%
3.	Arabic	5,965	0.66%
4.	Algonquian languages	4,685	0.52%
	Mi'kmaq	4,620	0.51%
5.	German	3,275	0.36%
6.	Chinese	2,750	0.30%
	Mandarin	905	0.10%
	Cantonese	590	0.06%
7.	Dutch	1,725	0.19%
8.	Spanish	1,545	0.17%
9.	Canadian Gaelic	1,275	0.14%
=10.	Tagalog	1.185	0.13%
=10.	Persian	1,185	0.13%
11.	Polish	825	0.09%
=12.	Korean	815	0.09%
=12.	Russian	815	0.09%
14.	Italian	790	0.09%
15.	Greek	775	0.08%
16.	Scandinavian languages	595	0.06%
	Danish	175	0.02%
	Norwegian	125	0.02%
	Icelandic	120	0.01%
	Swedish	85	0.01%
17.	Urdu	540	0.06%
18.	Serbo-Croatian languages	520	0.06%
	Croatian	210	0.02%
	Serbo-Croatian	105	0.01%
	Bosnian	90	0.01%
	Serbian	115	0.01%
19.	Hindi	515	0.06%
20.	Vietnamese	450	0.05%
21.	Portuguese	380	0.04%
22.	Bengali	375	0.04%
23.	Panjabi	370	0.04%
24.	Celtic languages	330	0.04%
25.	Japanese	305	0.03%
26.	Ukrainian	300	0.03%
27.	Hungarian	280	0.03%
28.	Czech	180	0.02%
29.	Romanian	170	0.02%
30.	Gujarati	105	0.01%

There were also 275 single-language responses for Turkish; 195 for Non-verbal languages (Sign languages); 30 for Malay; 100 for Bantu languages; 70 for Kurdish; 120 for Slovak; and 5 for Estonian. Figures shown are for the number of single language responses and the percentage of total single-language responses.^[12]

Religion

Majority religion in Nova Scotia by county

Religious groups in Nova Scotia (1981−2021)

Religious group	2021[13]		2011[14]		2001[15]		1991[16]		1981[17]
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Christianity	556,115	58.18%	690,460	76.19%	780,530	86.96%	815,815	91.57%	800,325	95.3%
Irreligion	359,395	37.6%	197,665	21.81%	106,405	11.85%	68,010	7.63%	34,335	4.09%
Islam	14,715	1.54%	8,505	0.94%	3,545	0.39%	1,435	0.16%	790	0.09%
Hinduism	8,460	0.89%	1,850	0.2%	1,235	0.14%	970	0.11%	1,025	0.12%
Sikhism	4,735	0.5%	390	0.04%	270	0.03%	330	0.04%	275	0.03%
Buddhism	2,955	0.31%	2,205	0.24%	1,735	0.19%	1,485	0.17%	420	0.05%
Judaism	2,195	0.23%	1,805	0.2%	2,120	0.24%	1,950	0.22%	2,010	0.24%
Indigenous spirituality	1,090	0.11%	570	0.06%	—	—	—	—	—	—
Other	6,195	0.65%	2,720	0.3%	1,720	0.19%	960	0.11%	525	0.06%
Total responses	955,855	98.6%	906,175	98.31%	897,570	98.85%	890,950	99%	839,800	99.1%
Total population	969,383	100%	921,727	100%	908,007	100%	899,942	100%	847,442	100%

Migration

Immigration

Nova Scotia Immigration Statistics^{[18]: 114–115 [19]: 239 [20]: 108}

Year	Immigrant percentage	Immigrant population	Total population
1861	10.9%	36,151	330,857
1881	6.3%	27,713	440,572
1891	5.8%	26,315	450,396
1901	5.3%	24,402	459,574
1911	7.4%	36,375	492,338
1921	8.3%	43,505	523,837
1931	8.2%	41,797	512,846
1941	7%	40,741	577,962
1951	4.5%	28,680	642,584
1961	4.6%	34,168	737,007
1971	4.7%	37,190	788,960

The 2021 census reported that immigrants (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 71,570 persons or 7.5 percent of the total population of Nova Scotia.^[21]

Immigrants in Nova Scotia by country of birth

Country of Birth	2021[22][21]		2016[23]		2011[24][25]		2006[26][27]		2001[28][29]
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
United Kingdom	11,930	16.7%	11,270	20.2%	11,000	22.8%	11,660	25.8%	10,800	26.1%
United States	7,570	10.6%	7,375	13.2%	8,275	17.1%	7,960	17.6%	8,065	19.5%
India	5,605	7.8%	2,225	4%	1,415	2.9%	1,440	3.2%	1,140	2.8%
Philippines	4,755	6.6%	2,575	4.6%	1,325	2.7%	420	0.9%	495	1.2%
China	4,320	6%	2,830	5.1%	1,710	3.5%	1,740	3.9%	1,025	2.5%
Syria	2,420	3.4%	1,150	2.1%	185	0.4%	135	0.3%	180	0.4%
Germany	2,375	3.3%	2,600	4.7%	2,385	4.9%	2,850	6.3%	2,455	5.9%
Nigeria	1,745	2.4%	350	0.6%	215	0.4%	165	0.4%	105	0.3%
Lebanon	1,565	2.2%	1,365	2.5%	1,590	3.3%	1,265	2.8%	1,460	3.5%
Netherlands	1,465	2%	1,645	3%	1,530	3.2%	1,830	4%	1,975	4.8%
Total immigrants	71,570	7.5%	55,680	6.1%	48,275	5.3%	45,190	5%	41,315	4.6%
Total responses	955,855	98.6%	908,340	98.3%	906,175	98.3%	903,090	98.9%	897,570	98.9%
Total population	969,383	100%	923,598	100%	921,727	100%	913,462	100%	908,007	100%

Recent immigration

The 2021 Canadian census counted a total of 21,385 people who immigrated to Nova Scotia between 2016 and 2021.^[21]

Recent immigrants to Nova Scotia by Country of birth (2016 to 2021)[21]
Country of Birth	Population	% recent immigrants
India	3,665	17.1%
Philippines	2,325	10.9%
Syria	2,140	10%
China	2,045	9.6%
Nigeria	1,445	6.8%
United States	880	4.1%
United Kingdom	730	3.4%
South Korea	580	2.7%
Pakistan	375	1.8%
Egypt	375	1.8%
Total	21,385	100%

Interprovincial migration

Net cumulative interprovincial migration per Province from 1997 to 2017, as a share of population of each Provinces

Main article: Interprovincial migration in Canada

From 1971 to 2011, Nova Scotia had a persistent negative trend in net interprovincial migration. Combined with a declining birth rate, this posed a significant demographic challenge for the province, as its population was projected to decline. The destination for Nova Scotia migrants was most often Ontario, until the turn of the 21st century when Alberta became a more popular destination; New Brunswick ranks as a distant third.^[30]

Interprovincial migration in Nova Scotia

	In-migrants	Out-migrants	Net migration
2008–09	15,467	16,218	−751
2009–10	15,172	14,560	612
2010–11	14,553	14,594	−41
2011–12	14,410	17,276	−2,866
2012–13	12,630	16,147	−3,517
2013–14	13,402	15,973	−2,571
2014–15	13,854	16,165	−2,311
2015–16	15,107	14,353	754
2016–17	15,339	12,500	2,839
2017–18	15,509	12,461	3,048
2018–19	17,324	14,018	3,306

Source: Statistics Canada

Employment

As of February 2019, the unemployment rate for the province is 6.4 percent. Halifax Regional Municipality 4.9 percent^[31]

Income

Median household income

By county

By community

Rank County 2011[32] 1 Halifax County $62,049 2 Hants County $60,186 3 Antigonish County $57,577 Nova Scotia $53,606 4 Inverness County $53,194 5 Kings County $51,850 6 Richmond County $50,745 7 Colchester County $50,568 8 Pictou County $50,417 9 Lunenburg County $48,154 10 Yarmouth County $47,676 11 Victoria County $47,413 12 Cape Breton County $47,224 13 Queens County $45,050 14 Shelburne County $44,267 15 Cumberland County $43,385 16 Annapolis County $43,522 17 Digby County $42,293 18 Guysborough County $42,063

Rank Community 2011[32] 1 Halifax Regional Municipality $62,069 2 Port Hawkesbury $61,013 Nova Scotia $53,606 3 Stewiacke $52,118 4 Mahone Bay $49,158 5 Wolfville $48,671 6 Hantsport $48,584 7 Clark's Harbour $48,102 8 Cape Breton Regional Municipality $47,830 9 Stellarton $46,307 10 Antigonish $45,538 11 Kentville $45,098 12 New Glasgow $44,942 13 Westville $44,647 14 Middleton $44,048 15 Annapolis Royal $43,956 16 Trenton $42,535 17 Pictou $41,905[A] 18 Truro $41,878 19 Windsor $41,859 20 Amherst $41,027 21 Bridgewater $40,049 22 Berwick $39,674 23 Lunenburg $39,529 24 Bridgetown $38,248[A] 25 Oxford $37,734[A] 26 Springhill $36,995[A] 27 Mulgrave $36,200 28 Canso $35,574 29 Shelburne $35,526 30 Yarmouth $34,572 31 Lockeport $33,854[A] 32 Digby $33,437 33 Parrsboro $27,472[A]

Notes

1. Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an Indigenous identity.

A ^ 2011 Census data unavailable, data taken from the 2006 Census.

See also

BC

AB

SK

MB

ON

QC

NB

PE

NS

NL

YT

NT

NU

Demographics of Canada's provinces and territories

• Demographics of Canada
• Population of Canada by province and territory

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