Crusader (train)

The Crusader was a 5 car stainless steel streamlined express train that ran on a 90.3-mile (145.3 km) route from Philadelphia's Reading Terminal to Jersey City's Communipaw Terminal, with a ferry connection to Lower Manhattan at Liberty Street. The Reading Railroad provided this service in partnership with the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ), in which it was the majority owner of capital stock. Trains including the Crusader ran on Reading Railroad tracks from Reading Terminal in Philadelphia to Bound Brook, NJ, where they continued on CNJ tracks to Communipaw Terminal in Jersey City.^[3] Passengers then left the train and walked aboard the ferry or boarded busses that loaded onto the ferry.^[4] Introduced in 1937, the Crusader service declined during the 1960s, and the name was ultimately dropped in 1981.

Crusader

The 1937-built Crusader trainset
Overview
Service type	Inter-city rail
Status	Discontinued (partially replaced by the West Trenton Line)
Locale	Northeastern United States
First service	December 13, 1937 (1937-12-13)
Last service	July 30, 1981 (1981-07-30)
Former operator(s)	Reading Railroad Conrail (1976–1981)[1]
Route
Termini	Reading Terminal Communipaw Terminal
Distance travelled	90.2 miles (145.2 km)
Average journey time	1 hr 38 min
Service frequency	2 daily round trips (6 days per week)
On-board services
Seating arrangements	coach
Catering facilities	dining car with cocktail lounge
Observation facilities	observation car
Route map Legend 1937–1981 Newark Jersey City until 1967 Elizabeth Plainfield Bound Brook Belle Mead Hopewell West Trenton New Jersey Pennsylvania Langhorne Jenkintown (Wyncote) Wayne Junction North Broad Street Philadelphia 1970s route[2] Newark Cranford Westfield Bound Brook Belle Mead Hopewell West Trenton New Jersey Pennsylvania Langhorne Jenkintown Wayne Junction North Broad Street Philadelphia This diagram: view talk edit

History

Creation

The train's first schedule and the contest to name it.

The Crusader at Reading Terminal in 1968, shortly before the train began operating with Rail Diesel Cars

By the 1930s, the Reading Company offered hourly expresses from Reading Terminal to the Central Railroad of New Jersey's Jersey City Communipaw Terminal via the Reading's New York Branch to Bound Brook where it connected with the CNJ. In order to better compete for passenger business from Philadelphia to New York with its rival Pennsylvania Railroad and attract more riders, in 1937 the railroad introduced its new Crusader premier service. Built by the Budd Company of Philadelphia, this dedicated train consisted of five stainless steel streamlined cars pulled by a stainless steel shrouded streamlined Pacific class (4-6-2) steam locomotive. The train consisted of two stainless-steel coaches, two observation cars, and a tavern-dining car. A round-end observation car was at each end, a coach adjacent, and the tavern car in the middle. With this configuration, the railroad eliminated the need to turn the entire train around at the "stub end" terminals at both Jersey City and Philadelphia. Only the locomotive had to be reversed at the completion of each trip. Each locomotive had a specially-built tender (carrying the coal and water for locomotive operation) that wrapped around the observation car directly behind it.^[5]

Naming

A contest was held to find a name for the new train, offering a $250 cash prize (equivalent to $5,299 in 2023) to the winner. The Crusader, the entry of Mr. P. W. Silzer of Plainfield, New Jersey, won the prize, selected by a committee of 29 railroad officials from among 6,086 suggestions.^[6] The Crusader's first regular run was on December 13, 1937.^[3] The train was scheduled to make two round trips six days a week; Sundays were reserved for maintenance work.

Decline

In the early 1950s, the streamlined steam locomotives were replaced by General Motors EMD FP7 diesel electric locomotives. Passenger business was declining for the Reading as it was for all railroads at the time. For cost saving, in 1962 the stainless steel Crusader trainset was sold to the Canadian National Railway. The Crusader then began operating with the smooth-sided cars originally made for the Reading's other upscale Philadelphia–Jersey City train, the Wall Street. By the mid-1960s, the Crusader and Wall Street were the only Reading Railroad trains operating beyond West Trenton north to Bound Brook.^[7]

The Crusader observation car at the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania

In May 1967, the Aldene Plan went into effect; this closed the Jersey City Communipaw Terminal and diverted trains to Newark Penn Station, thus adding 13 minutes to the commuter going to Wall Street.^[7] The trains could not go beyond Newark Penn Station to New York Penn Station because diesel-powered trains were not permitted in the Pennsylvania Railroad's Hudson North River Tunnels. Locomotive-hauled service soon ended and was replaced by two self propelled Budd Rail Diesel Cars. Deteriorating track and additional stops to the prior Crusader schedule caused the length of the Philadelphia-Newark trip to increase from its 90 minutes to 110 minutes.

This passenger service, like many former Reading and CNJ lines, was eventually subsidized by SEPTA and New Jersey Transit. In the early 1980s, SEPTA began cutting back its diesel-powered lines in preparation for the opening of the electric-only Philadelphia Center City Commuter Connection that tied together the former Reading Terminal and the Pennsylvania Railroads Suburban Station tracks. Through service from Philadelphia to Newark ended on July 30, 1981; SEPTA continued hourly commuter trains on its electric West Trenton Line, with a connection to a once-daily, weekday-only diesel powered West Trenton to Newark shuttle.^[7][8] This service ended on December 3, 1982, when the NJ Transit shuttle made its final trip due to poor ridership and a budget deficit.^[9] The trip served 290 daily passengers and cost $319,000 annually to run.^[7] NJT has explored restoring the service as its own West Trenton Line.^[10]

Two of the train's original five cars survive. An observation car is in the collection of the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania at Strasburg, Pennsylvania. The other observation car was in service as part of the Spirit of Washington Dinner Train in Washington state until 2007, and is now part of the passenger car fleet of Iowa Pacific Holdings.

References

1. The Official Railway Guide North American passenger travel edition: United States, Canada and Mexico September 1976. National Railway Publication Company. September 1976. p. 81.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
2. "File:BELLE MEAD 19740930.jpg". September 30, 1974.
3. Smith, Douglas N.W. "Train of two countries". Passenger Train Journal. 19 (2): 22–27.
4. Discussion of the history of Commnipaw: Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal
5. Sidebar photograph of the Crusader.
6. Holton, James L. (1989). The Reading Railroad: History of a Coal Age Empire; Vol. II: The Twentieth Century. Garrigues House. p. 170. ISBN 9780962084430.
7. Pawson, John (March 1993). "New Backing for "Crusader" Route". The Delaware Valley Rail Passenger. 13 (3). Delaware Valley Association of Railroad Passengers. Archived from the original on September 5, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
8. Plant, Jeremy F. (1998). Reading Company In Color. Vol. 1. Morning Sun Books. ISBN 9781878887955.
9. Kehoe, Tom (December 2, 1982). "Rail service terminations opposed". Courier News. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com.
10. "Chapter 1: Purpose and Need" (PDF). Proposed Restoration of Passenger Rail Service on the West Trenton Line Draft Environmental Assessment. New Jersey Transit. November 2007. p. 1-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2017.

External links

Media related to Crusader (train) at Wikimedia Commons