Chaenotheca

Chaenotheca is a genus of lichenized fungi within the family Coniocybaceae.^[1] The sexual reproduction structures are a mass of loose ascospores that are enclosed by a cup shaped exciple sitting on top of a tiny stalk, having the appearance of a dressmaker's pin (called a mazaedium), hence the common name pin lichen.^[2]: 15 Genus members are also commonly called needle lichens.^[3] Photobiont partners for Chaenotheca include members of the algae genera Symbiochloris, Trebouxia, Trentepohlia, and Tritostichococcus.^[4]

Chaenotheca
Chaenotheca chlorella
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Coniocybomycetes
Order:	Coniocybales
Family:	Coniocybaceae
Genus:	Chaenotheca (Th.Fr.) Th.Fr. (1860)
Type species
Chaenotheca chrysocephala (Turner ex Ach.) Th.Fr.
Synonyms
Calicium b Chaenotheca Th.Fr. (1856)

Species

• Chaenotheca balsamconensis J.L.Allen & McMullin (2015)^[5] – North America
• Chaenotheca biesboschii Tibell & van der Pluijm (2019)^[6] – Netherlands
• Chaenotheca brachypoda (Ach.) Tibell (1987)
• Chaenotheca brunneola (Ach.) Müll.Arg. (1862)
• Chaenotheca chlorella (Ach.) Müll.Arg. (1862)
• Chaenotheca chrysocephala (Ach.) Th.Fr. (1860)
• Chaenotheca citriocephala (F.Wilson) Tibell (1985)
• Chaenotheca confusa Tibell (1998)^[7] – South America
• Chaenotheca degelii Tibell (1983)
• Chaenotheca deludens Tibell (1987)
• Chaenotheca erkahomattiorum Selva (2013)^[8] – North America
• Chaenotheca ferruginea (Turner) Mig. (1930)
• Chaenotheca furfuracea (L.) Tibell (1984)
• Chaenotheca gracilenta (Ach.) Mattsson & Middelb. (1987)
• Chaenotheca gracillima (Vain.) Tibell (1984)
• Chaenotheca hispidula (Ach.) Zahlbr. (1922)
• Chaenotheca hygrophila Tibell (1980)
• Chaenotheca laevigata Nádv. (1934)
• Chaenotheca longispora Reese Næsborg & Tibell (2019)
• Chaenotheca nitidula Tibell (2002)^[9] – North America
• Chaenotheca papuensis Aptroot & Tibell (2003)
• Chaenotheca phaeocephala (Turner) Th.Fr. (1861)
• Chaenotheca selvae Maloles & McMullin (2018)
• Chaenotheca stemonea (Ach.) Müll.Arg. (1862)
• Chaenotheca trichialis (Ach.) Hellb. (1870)
• Chaenotheca xyloxena Nádv. (1934)

References

1. Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2007". Myconet. 13. Chicago, USA: The Field Museum, Department of Botany: 1–58. Archived from the original on 2009-03-18.
2. Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-300-19500-2
3. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Name Search
4. Sanders, William B.; Masumoto, Hiroshi (2021). "Lichen algae: the photosynthetic partners in lichen symbioses". The Lichenologist. 53 (5): 347–393. doi:10.1017/S0024282921000335.
5. Allen, Jessica L.; McMullin, Richard Troy (2015). "Chaenotheca balsamconensis, a new calicioid lichen on Trichaptum abietinum from North America that is benefiting from widespread conifer fatalities". The Bryologist. 118 (1): 54–58. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-118.1.054. S2CID 85023116.
6. Tibell, Leif; Tibell, Sanja; Van Der Pluijm, Arno (2019). "Chaenotheca biesboschii a new calicioid lichen from willow forests in the Netherlands". The Lichenologist. 51 (2): 123–135. doi:10.1017/S0024282919000021. S2CID 150037356.
7. Tibell, L. (1998). "Crustose mazaediate lichens and the Mycocaliciaceae in temperate South America". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 71: 46.
8. Selva, Steven B. (2013). "The calicioid lichens and fungi of the Acadian Forest Ecoregion of northeastern North America, I. New species and range extensions". The Bryologist. 116 (3): 248–256. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-116.3.248. S2CID 86640485.
9. Tibell, Leif; Koffman, Anna (2002). "Chaenotheca nitidula, a new species of calicioid lichen from northeastern North America". The Bryologist. 105 (3): 353–357. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2002)105[0353:CNANSO]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85593518.