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British Nigerians

British citizens of Nigerian origin or Nigerian citizens of British origin From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

British Nigerians (here meaning British people of Nigerian descent[6][7] rather than Nigerians of British descent) have formed long-established communities in London, Liverpool and other industrial cities. Many Nigerians and their British-born descendants in Britain live in South London, and they are one of the larger immigrant groups in the country.[8]

Quick Facts Total population, Regions with significant populations ...
British Nigerians
Total population
Nigerian-born residents in the United Kingdom: 293,609 – 0.4%
(2021/22 Census)[note 1]
 England: 266,877– 0.5% (2021)[1]
 Scotland: 21,286 – 0.4% (2022)[2]
 Wales: 3,891 – 0.1% (2021)[1]
Northern Ireland: 1,555 – 0.08% (2021)[3]
Nigerian citizens/passports held:
117,638 (England and Wales only, 2021)[4]
Ethnic Nigerians:
271,390 (England and Wales only, 2021)[5]
Regions with significant populations
Throughout the United Kingdom
In particular Greater London, South East England, East of England, North West England
Languages
Predominantly
English (British, Nigerian, Pidgin), Yoruba and Igbo
Others
Nigerian languages
Religion
Predominantly Christianity, minority Sunni Islam, traditional religions
Related ethnic groups
Nigerian Canadians, Nigerian Americans, Nigerian Australians
  1. [N 1]
    Does not include Nigerians born in the United Kingdom or those with Nigerian ancestry
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History

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Perspective

Nigerians have formed long-established communities in London, Liverpool and other industrial cities. The earliest known Nigerian presence in London took place over 200 years ago as a direct result of the transatlantic slave trade. Olaudah Equiano, born in what is now Nigeria and a former slave, lived in London and was involved in the debate that occurred in Britain over the abolition of the slave trade.[9]

Like many other former British colonies, Nigeria has been a large source of immigrants to the United Kingdom. Prior to Nigerian independence from Britain, gained in 1960, many Nigerians studied in the UK along with other countries such as Australia and the United States; with the majority returning to Nigeria upon completion of their higher education.[10][11] In the 1960s, civil and political unrest in Nigeria contributed to many refugees migrating to Britain, along with skilled workers.[9]

Nigerians emigrated in larger numbers in the 1980s, following the collapse of the petroleum boom.[10] This wave of migration has been more permanent than the pre-independence wave of temporary migration.[10] Asylum applications from Nigerians peaked in 1995, when the repression associated with the military dictatorship of Sani Abacha was at its height.[10]

In 2015, Britain's Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner expressed concerns about the extent of contemporary slavery involving Nigerians smuggled to the UK. Of more than 2,000 potential victims of human trafficking referred to the National Crime Agency in 2014, 244 were from Nigeria. This represented a 31 per cent increase on 2013's figure. According to the BBC, "Campaigners believe the real figure of potential trafficking victims from Nigeria could be much higher".[12]

Demographics

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Population

More information Region / Country, Population ...
Nigerian-born population by region and country
Region / CountryPopulation %Largest community
England266,8770.47%—
Greater London117,1451.33%Greenwich – 14,357 (5.0%)
South East32,4680.35%Medway – 3,993 (1.4%)
North West29,0920.39%Manchester – 10,329 (1.9%)
East of England27,9130.44%Colchester – 1,346 (0.7%)
West Midlands19,9110.33%Birmingham – 5,946 (0.5%)
East Midlands13,9020.28%Nottingham – 3,442 (1.1%)
Yorkshire and The Humber12,4540.23%Leeds – 3,415 (0.4%)
South West7,6910.13%Bristol – 1,431 (0.3%)
North East6,3010.24%Newcastle – 2,082 (0.7%)
Scotland21,2860.39%Aberdeen – 5,662 (2.5%)
Wales3,8910.13%Cardiff – 1,366 (0.4%)
Northern Ireland1,5550.08%Belfast – 862 (0.2%)
Figures based on the 2021 United Kingdom Census[1][2][3]
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The 2001 UK Census recorded 88,378 Nigerian-born people resident in the UK.[13] The 2011 Census recorded 191,183 Nigerian-born residents in England and Wales.[14] The censuses of Scotland and Northern Ireland recorded 9,458 and 543 Nigerian-born residents respectively.[15][16] More recent estimates by the Office for National Statistics put the figure at 215,000 in 2019.[17]

A Council of Europe report gives a figure of 100,000 Nigerians in the UK but suggests that this is likely to be an underestimate since it does not include irregular migrants or children born outside of Nigeria. Similarly, Nigerians with citizenship of another EU member state who then relocated to the UK are not necessarily included in this estimate. The report suggests to multiply the figure by between 3 and 8 to reflect the size of the Nigerian community in the UK.[18]

Distribution

The UK's largest concentration of Nigerians is found in the capital city, London. The 2001 census found that Peckham was the home to the largest overseas Nigerian community in the UK, with 7% of the population of the Peckham census tract having been born in Nigeria.[19] Many of the local establishments are Yoruba and Igbo owned.[20] Nigerian churches and mosques can be found in the area. As immigrants have become assimilated, English has always been the predominant language of the local Nigerian British population as English is the main spoken language in Nigeria. The Yoruba language and the Igbo language are declining in use in the Peckham area despite the growing Nigerian population of Igbo and Yoruba descent.[8] Outside London and South East England, the 2001 census recorded the largest Nigerian-born communities in the East of England and the North West.[19]

Citizenship

Below is a table showing how many Nigerians were granted British citizenship and the right of abode in the period 1998 to 2008.

More information Persons granted citizenship ...
Persons granted citizenship
1998 3,550[21]
1999 3,481[22]
2000 5,594[23]
2001 6,290[24]
2002 6,480[25]
2003 6,300[26]
2004 6,280[27]
2005 6,615[28]
2006 5,875[29]
2007 6,030[30]
2008 4,530[31]
2009 6,955[32]
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Language

In England and Wales in 2011, 14,914 people (0.03% of all residents aged three and over) spoke Yoruba as a main language, 7,946 (0.01%) spoke Igbo and 6,639 (0.01%) spoke other Nigerian languages.[33] In London, 10,119 people (0.13% of all residents aged three and over) spoke Yoruba as a main language, 5,252 (0.07%) people spoke Igbo and 3,577 (0.05%) spoke other Nigerian languages.[34] However, in the most recent population census of 2021, Igbo speaking population in England and Wales has increased significantly to 11,074 making Igbo the most spoken Nigerian language in the area.

Education

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According to the Institute for Public Policy Research, Nigerian pupils are among best performing student groups in the United Kingdom. Taking data for only England, a 2013 IPPR survey reported that the proportion of British Nigerian pupils gaining 5 A*–C grades at GCSE (including Maths and English) in 2010–2011 was 21.8 percentage points higher than the England mean of 59.6 per cent. This average was calculated using student data, where available, from various local authorities in England.[35]

The number of Nigerian pupils at British private schools is growing. In November 2013, The Spectator noted that Nigerians, along with Russians, "are now the fastest-growing population in British private schools".[36] In 2013, the number of entrants to private schools from Nigeria increased by 16 per cent.[37]

According to Higher Education Statistics Agency data, 17,620 students from Nigeria were studying at British public higher education institutions in the academic year 2011–12. This made them the third largest country-of-origin group behind students from China and India. Of the 17,620, 6,500 were undergraduates, 9,620 taught postgraduates and 1,500 research postgraduates.[38]

Research by Euromonitor International for the British Council indicates that in 2010, the majority (66 per cent) of Nigerian foreign students attended universities in the UK. The students are mainly drawn to these institutions' English language academic system. Their time studying in Britain is also facilitated by an established and large Nigerian community and by "the relative proximity of the UK to Nigeria".[39]

Notable British Nigerians

Nigerian citizens of British descent

British citizens of Nigerian descent

See also

References

External links

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