Brachythoraci

Brachythoraci is an extinct suborder of arthrodire placoderms, armored fish most diverse during the Devonian.

Brachythoraci Temporal range: Devonian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Dunkleosteus and Titanichthys skulls in Wyoming Dinosaur Center
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	†Placodermi
Order:	†Arthrodira
Clade:	†Phlyctaenioidei
Suborder:	†Brachythoraci Gross, 1932
Contained taxa
Eubrachythoraci Xiangshuiosteus Gemuendenaspis Dhanguura Buchanosteoidea Homosteidae Holonematidae?

Phylogeny

Arthrodira is divided into three main groups: the paraphyletic Actinolepida and Phlyctaenii, and then the monophyletic Brachythoraci. Brachythoraci is then further divided into the large derived clade Eubrachythoraci and several basal groups: Buchanosteoidea, Homosteidae, and Holonematidae.^[1] (Although Holonematidae's membership in Brachythoraci is disputed.)^[2]

Below is a cladogram from the 2016 Zhu et al. phylogenetic study:^[2]

Phlyctaenioidei	Elvaspis tuberculata Dicksonosteus arcticus Turrisaspis elektor Groenlandaspis antarcticus Holonema westolli Brachythoraci Homostiidae Homostius sulcatus Antineosteus lehmani Buchanosteoidea Buchanosteus confertituberculatus Goodradigbeeon australianum Parabuchanosteus murrumbidgeeni Dhanguura johnstoni Gemuendenaspis angusta Xiangshuiosteus wui Eubrachythoraci Coccosteomorphi Coccosteoidea Coccosteidae Millerosteus minor Coccosteus cuspidatus Dickosteus threiplandi Watsonosteus fletti Protitanichthys rockportensis Panxiosteidae Plourdosteus canadensis Panxiosteus ocullus Janiosteus timanicus Incisoscutoidea Harrytoombsia elegans Torosteus tuberculatus Torosteus pulchellus Mcnamaraspis kaprios Compagopiscis croucheri Trematosteus fontanellus Camuropiscidae Incisoscutum ritchiei Incisoscutum sarahae Rolfosteus canningensis Tubonasus lennardensis Fallacosteus turneri Camuropiscis laidlawi Latocamurus coulthardi Pachyosteomorphi Rhachiosteus pterygiatus Dunkleosteoidea Eastmanosteus calliaspis Eastmanosteus pustulosus Kiangyousteus yohii Golshanichthys asiatica Westralichthys uwagedensis Dunkleosteus raveri Dunkleosteus terrelli Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus Heterostiidae Heterosteus ingens Yinosteus major Aspinothoracidi Tapinosteus heintzi Bullerichthys fascidens Kendrickichthys cavernosus Bruntonichthys multidens Dinichthys herzeri Hadrosteus rapax Gorgonichthys clarki Selenosteidae Heintzichthys gouldii Pachyosteus bulla Gymnotrachelus hydei Stenosteus angustopectus Brachyosteus dietrichi Melanosteus occitanus Rhinosteus parvulus	"Phlyctaenii"

References

1. You-An Zhu; Min Zhu (2013). "A redescription of Kiangyousteus yohii (Arthrodira: Eubrachythoraci) from the Middle Devonian of China, with remarks on the systematics of the Eubrachythoraci". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 169 (4): 798–819. doi:10.1111/zoj12089.
2. Zhu, You-An; Zhu, Min; Wang, Jun-Qing (1 April 2016). "Redescription of Yinostius major (Arthrodira: Heterostiidae) from the Lower Devonian of China, and the interrelationships of Brachythoraci". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 176 (4): 806–834. doi:10.1111/zoj.12356. ISSN 0024-4082.