Alstom Citadis

The Alstom Citadis is a family of low-floor trams and light rail vehicles built by Alstom. As of 2017^[update], over 2,300 Citadis trams have been sold and 1,800 tramways are in revenue service throughout the world, with operations in all six inhabited continents.^[1] An evolution of Alstom's earlier TFS vehicle, most Citadis vehicles are made in Alstom's factories in La Rochelle, Reichshoffen and Valenciennes, France, and in Barcelona, Spain, and Annaba, Algeria.^[2]

A Citadis 302 in Mulhouse

Citadis Spirit, the model designed for Canadian operators, seen on Ottawa's Confederation Line

Citadis types

The Citadis family includes both partial and fully low-floor trams and LRVs, in versions with three (20x), five (30x), seven (40x), and nine (50x) sections. It comprises the following standard variants:

Urban tramway vehicles

View from a driver's cab of a Citadis 402 on green track in Bordeaux, France.

Citadis X00:

• Citadis 100 – three section, 70% low floor, originally designed and manufactured by Konstal in Chorzów for the Polish market (Katowice, Gdańsk)

Citadis X01 (First generation):

• Citadis 301 – three section, 70% low floor (Orléans)
  • Citadis 301 CIS – 100% low floor version with IPOMOS bogies on 1,524 mm (5 ft) gauge (Moscow, Saint-Petersburg^[3]). Also designated 71-801 according to the Russian unified system of rolling stock classification (71=trams, 8=manufacturer code (Alstom), 01=model code).
• Citadis 401 – five sections, 70% low floor (Montpellier and Dublin, some converted from 301s)

Citadis X02 (Second generation):

• Citadis 202 – three section, 100% low floor (Melbourne)
• Citadis 302 – five sections, 100% low floor (Algiers, Adelaide, Angers, Lyon, Bordeaux, Paris T2, T7 and T8, Valenciennes, Rotterdam, Buenos Aires, Madrid, Melbourne, Nice, Murcia, Barcelona, Jerusalem, Le Havre and Nottingham)
• Citadis 402 – seven sections, 100% low floor (Bordeaux, Grenoble, Lyon, Paris T3, Dubai, Rio de Janeiro, Oran, Constantine)
• Citadis 502 – nine sections, 100% low floor (Dublin, some converted from 402s)

Citadis X03 (Third generation):

• Citadis 403 – seven sections, 100% low floor (Strasbourg)

Citadis X04 (Fourth generation):

• Citadis 304 – 100% low floor, next generation design for Central and Eastern Europe (Istanbul)

Citadis X05 (Fifth generation):

• Citadis 205 or Compact – three sections, 100% low floor (Aubagne, Avignon)^[4]
• Citadis 305 – five sections, 100% low floor (Sydney, Lusail, Caen, Kaohsiung, Athens, Philadelphia)
• Citadis 405 – seven sections, 100% low floor (Nice, Paris line T9, T10)

Light-rail transit vehicles

• Regio-Citadis – three sections, 70% low floor LRV (Kassel, The Hague)
• Citadis Dualis – four or five sections, 100% low-floor LRV (operated by the SNCF,^[5] see below)
• Citadis Spirit – three or four sections, 100% low floor LRV designed for the North American market (Ottawa, Toronto)^[6][7][8]

Power supply

Like most trams, Citadis vehicles are usually powered by overhead electric wires collected by a pantograph, but the trams in several places do not use pantograph current collection entirely. Other places, such as Toronto, use a trolley pole.

The most popular solution is Alstom's proprietary ground-level power supply (APS, first used in Bordeaux and subsequently in Angers, Reims, Orleans, Tours, Dubai, Rio, and Sydney), consisting of a type of third rail which is only powered while it is completely covered by a tram so that there is no risk of a person or animal coming into contact with a live rail. On the networks in France and in Sydney, the trams switch to conventional overhead wires in outer areas,^[9] but the Dubai vehicles are the first to employ APS for its entire passenger length (although they are still equipped with pantographs for use in the maintenance depot).

Another option is to use on-board batteries to store electrical power, allowing brief periods of catenary-free operation without the need to install special infrastructure. The Citadis trams in Nice operate off a set of nickel metallic hydride batteries in two large open spaces where overhead wires would be an eyesore.^[10] This has since been superseded by a supercapacitor-based energy storage system (SRS)^[11] which is in use in Rio de Janeiro (alongside APS), Kaohsiung, and along a new line in Nice. The Regio-Citadis can also be built as a dual-voltage or electro-diesel vehicle with various configurations.

Ordered Citadis trams

Africa

Country	City	Image	Type	Fleet numbers	Quantity	Year	Length	Width	Comments
Algeria	Algiers (Algiers tramway)		402	101–141	41	2010		2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
Algeria	Constantine (Constantine tramway)		402	101–127	47	2010	43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)	27 were manufactured in Barcelona and 20 were assembled in Annaba, Algeria.[2]
Algeria	Oran (Oran Tramway)		302	101–130	30	2010	43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
Algeria	Ouargla (Ouargla tramway)		402	101–123	23	2017	43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
Algeria	Mostaganem		402	101–130	30	2017	43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
Algeria	Sidi Bel Abbes (Sidi Bel Abbès tramway)		402	101–130	30	2016	43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
Algeria	Setif		402	101–130	47	2016	43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
Algeria	Batna		402	101–130	30	2016	43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
Algeria	Annaba		402	101–130	30	2017	43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
Algeria	Skikda		402	101–130	20	2018	43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
Algeria	Tébessa		402	101–130	20	2018	43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
Morocco	Casablanca (Casablanca Tramway)		302	001–074	74	2012		2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)	Single ended – operate in service as semi-permanently coupled back-to-back pairs.[12]
				075–124	50	2017/2018
			305	125–204	80	2023/2024
	Rabat-Salé (Rabat-Salé tramway)		302	001–044	44	2010		2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)	19 double trams (back to back single-ended pairs, semi-permanently coupled); 6 single bidirectional trams semi (back to back single-ended pairs).
				045–066	22	2018			11 double trams (back to back single-ended pairs, semi-permanently coupled);
Tunisia	Tunis		302	401–430	30	2007	32–64 m (104 ft 11+7⁄8 in – 209 ft 11+5⁄8 in) in MU	2.4 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	Single ended – operate in service as back-to-back pairs.

Asia

Country	City	Image	Type	Fleet numbers	Quantity	Year	Length	Width	Commentsts
China	Chengdu (Chengdu tram)		302		40	2018	32.6 m (106 ft 11+1⁄2 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
China	Shanghai Songjiang (Songjiang Tram)		302		30	2018	33 m (108 ft 3+1⁄4 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
Taiwan	Kaohsiung (Circular light rail)		305		15	2019	33.4 m (109 ft 7 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)	Uses SRS system[13]

North America

Main article: Citadis Spirit

The main article provides vehicle and order descriptions.

Country	City	Image	Type	Fleet numbers	Quantity	Year	Length	Width	Comments
Canada	Ottawa (Confederation Line)		Citadis Spirit	1101–1134	34 (+38 planned)	2018	48 m (157 ft 5+3⁄4 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)	Four-module vehicles
Canada	Toronto (Line 6 Finch West)		Citadis Spirit		0 (61 planned)	2021	48 m (157 ft 5+3⁄4 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)	Four-module vehicles
United States	Philadelphia (subway-surface lines, Route 15, and Media–Sharon Hill Line)		305		0 (130 planned, plus 30 options)	2027			[14]

South America

Country	City	Image	Type	Fleet numbers	Quantity	Year	Length	Width	Comments
Brazil	Rio de Janeiro (VLT Carioca)		402	101–132	32[15]	2016	44 m (144 ft 4+1⁄4 in)[16]	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)[16]	Uses APS system
Ecuador	Cuenca (Cuenca Tramway)[17]		302		14	2020	32.4 m (106 ft 3+5⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	Partially uses APS system

Middle East

Country	City	Image	Type	Fleet numbers	Quantity	Year	Length	Width	Comments
Israel	Jerusalem (Jerusalem Light Rail)		302		46	2009		2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
United Arab Emirates	Dubai (Dubai Tram)		402	001–025	25	2013–2014		2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)	APS[18]
Qatar	Lusail (Lusail LRT)		305		35	2019		2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)	APS[19]

Europe

Country	City	Image	Type	Fleet numbers	Quantity	Year	Length	Width	Comments
France	Angers		302	1001–1017	17	2009	32.4 m (106 ft 3+5⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
			305	2001–2020	20	2022	33.5 m (109 ft 10+7⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
	Aubagne		Compact		8[4]	2014	22 m (72 ft 2+1⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	First Citadis Compact ordered. Options for 10[4]
	Avignon		Compact	101–114	14	2019	22 m (72 ft 2+1⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	For the first Tramway line (T1) in Avignon since 1933
	Besançon		305	?	5	2025	32 m (104 ft 11+7⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	Ordered with Brest and Toulouse in a group order[20]
	Bordeaux		402	2201–2232 2301–2306 2501–2520 2801–2804 1301–1326 1827–1846 1847–1856	113	2002 2003 2005 2008 2013–2014 2018 2019	43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	The Citadis delivered from 2013 now have two doors per side on their central pod.
			302	2241–2246 2541–2546	12[21][22]	2002 2005	32.8 m (107 ft 7+3⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
	Brest		302	101–120	26	2012	32 m (104 ft 11+7⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	Ordered with Dijon in a group order.
			305	?	8	2025	32 m (104 ft 11+7⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	Ordered with Besançon and Toulouse in a group order.[20]
	Caen		305	1001–1026	26	2018–2019	33 m (108 ft 3+1⁄4 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
	Dijon		302	1001–1033	33	2012–2013	32 m (104 ft 11+7⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	Ordered with Brest as part of a group order
	Grenoble		402[23]	6001–6035 6036–6050	49	2005, 2009	43 m (141 ft 7⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
	Le Havre		302	001-022	22	2011–2012		2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
	Le Mans		302	1001–1034	34	2007, 2011, 2014	32.0 m (104 ft 11+7⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
	Lille[24]		305	?	24	2026[25]	32.4 m (106 ft 3+5⁄8 in)[24]	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	First Citadis ever built for metric tracks
	Lyon		302	0801–0847, 0848–0857, 0858–0870, 0871–0873[26]	73	2000, 2006, 2009, 2010	32.4 m (106 ft 3+5⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
			402	0874–0885, 0886–0892	19[27]	2012–2013, 2016	43.8 m (143 ft 8+3⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	Replaces the Citadis 302 on the line 3 while the 302 are transferred to the other lines.
			402	0893–0907, 0908-0942, 0943-?	15	2019–2020, 2024–2026,[28] 2027	44 m (144 ft 4+1⁄4 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	New front due to new safety standards. Replaces the Citadis 302 on the line 4; 302s were transferred to the other lines.
	Montpellier		301	2001–2028	30[29]	1999–2000	40.9 m (134 ft 2+1⁄4 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)	Extended to Citadis 401
			302	2031–2033, 2041–2064	27	2006–2007	32.5 m (106 ft 7+1⁄2 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
			402	2070–2089, 2098–2099	23	2011–2012, 2014	43 m (141 ft 7⁄8 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
	Mulhouse		302	01–27	27	2005–2006	32.5 m (106 ft 7+1⁄2 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	Two of these (04 and 05) were used in Argentina on the Tranvía del Este. Five were sold to Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and re-designated as C2-class Melbourne tram.
	Nantes		405		49[30]	2023–2025	46 m (150 ft 11 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	Will replace the older TFS, the first 14 trams were delivered in 2023, the rest will be delivered in 2025.
	Nice		302	01–20, 21–28	28	2006–2007, 2010	33 m (108 ft 3+1⁄4 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)	Trams from 14 to 28 are extended to 402
			405		19	2017–2018	45 m (147 ft 7+5⁄8 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)	First ever Citadis trams from the fifth generation delivered in mainland Europe.
	Orléans		301	39–60	22[31]	2000	29.9 m (98 ft 1+1⁄8 in)	2.32 m (7 ft 7+3⁄8 in)
			302	61–81	21[32]	2010–2011	32.3 m (105 ft 11+5⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
	Paris		302	0401–0413, 0414–0426, 0427–0442, 0442–0460, 0461–0466	66	2002, 2003, 2008, 2010, 2015	32.2 m (105 ft 7+3⁄4 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	T2
			402	0301–0321 0322–0346, 0347–0363, 0364–0373	73	2006, 2012, 2017, 2021	43.7 m (143 ft 4+1⁄2 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)	T3, starting from the 0364 the trams are now delivered with the transit authority livery (Île-de-France Mobilités)[33]
			302	701–719	19[34]	2013	32 m (104 ft 11+7⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	T7
			302	801–820	20[34]	2014	32	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	T8, in the future they will be transferred on the T7 for its extension to Juvisy while 7 of them will be modified to be on the T2.[35]
			405[36]	901–922	22[37]	2019–2020	44 m (144 ft 4+1⁄4 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)	T9
			405[36]	1001–1013	13	2022–2023	44 m (144 ft 4+1⁄4 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)	T10
			305[38]	101–	37 (first order)	2024–	33 m (108 ft 3+1⁄4 in)	2.10 m (6 ft 10+5⁄8 in)	T1, T8, The first order will replace the older TFS on this line while the rest will replace the older Citadis 302 on T8 and complete the fleet for the futures extensions on these two lines.[35]
	Reims		302	101–118	18[39][40]	2010	32.4 m (106 ft 3+5⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
	Rouen		402		27	2011–2012	40–45 m (131 ft 2+3⁄4 in – 147 ft 7+5⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	To replace the TFS[41] Used as a light rail.
	Strasbourg		403	2001–2041, 3001–3022, 3031–3047	80	2005–2006, 2017–2018, 2021–2022	45.1 m (147 ft 11+5⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
	Strasbourg		405	?	22[42][43]	2025	45 m (147 ft 7+5⁄8 in)[42]	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
	Toulouse		302	5001–5025	24	2009–2010	32.4 m (106 ft 3+5⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	Designed by Airbus
			305	?	9	2026	32.4 m (106 ft 3+5⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	Ordered with Besançon and Brest in a group order.[20]
	Tours		402		21[44]	2012–2013	43 m (141 ft 7⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	APS
	Valenciennes		302		33	2006	33 m (108 ft 3+1⁄4 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
Germany	Frankfurt am Main		Classic (SX05)		58	Since 2022	31.5 m (103 ft 4+1⁄8 in) 40 m (131 ft 2+3⁄4 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	24 31.5 m trams and 34 40 m trams
	Kassel		RegioCitadis	701–718	18	2004–2005	36.8 m (120 ft 8+7⁄8 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
	Kassel		RegioCitadis	751–760	9	2004–2005	36.8 m (120 ft 8+7⁄8 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)	Hybrid with diesel engine
Greece	Athens		305		25	2020–2021	33 m (108 ft 3+1⁄4 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
Ireland	Dublin		301	3001–3026	26	2003–2004	40 m (131 ft 2+3⁄4 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	Red line, in 2007 extended from 30 to 40 m (98 ft 5+1⁄8 in to 131 ft 2+3⁄4 in)
			401	4001–4014	14	2003–2004	40 m (131 ft 2+3⁄4 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	Red line (transferred from green line in 2010)
			402	5001–5026	26	2009	55 m (180 ft 5+3⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	Green line, in 2019 extended from 43 to 55 m (141 ft 7⁄8 in to 180 ft 5+3⁄8 in)
			502	5027–5033	7	2018	55 m (180 ft 5+3⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	Green line
			502	5034–5041	8	2020	55 m (180 ft 5+3⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	Green line
Netherlands	The Hague		RegioCitadis	4001–4054 4055–4072	72	2006, 2011	36.8 m (120 ft 8+7⁄8 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
	Rotterdam		302	2001–2060	60	2003	31.6 m (103 ft 8+1⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	Unidirectional[45]
			302	2101–2153	53	2011	30 m (98 ft 5+1⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	Unidirectional[45]
Poland	Gdańsk		100 (NGd99)	1001–1004	4	1999	26.6 m (87 ft 3+1⁄4 in)	2.35 m (7 ft 8+1⁄2 in)	Marketed as the Konstal NGd99, based on 100 series
	Katowice		100 (116Nd)	800–816	17	2000	24 m (78 ft 8+7⁄8 in)	2.35 m (7 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Russia	Saint Petersburg		301 CIS (71-801 according to system of rolling stock classification)	8900–8902, 8907	4	2014	25.5 m (83 ft 7+7⁄8 in)	2.50 m (8 ft 2+3⁄8 in)	Single ended
Spain	Barcelona		302		23	2004	32 m (104 ft 11+7⁄8 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)	Trambaix network
	Barcelona		302		18	2007	32 m (104 ft 11+7⁄8 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)	Trambesòs network
	Jaén		302		5	2010	32 m (104 ft 11+7⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
	Madrid		302		70	2007	32 m (104 ft 11+7⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	One of those types are in use on the Lidingöbanan in Stockholm for testing, and another was used in Buenos Aires on the Tranvía del Este.
	Murcia		302		11	2011	32 m (104 ft 11+7⁄8 in)	2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
	Tenerife		302		20	2007	32.2 m (105 ft 7+3⁄4 in)	2.4 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	On important dates, such as Carnivals or Christmas, trams operate as doubles.
Turkey	Istanbul		304	801–837	37	2009	28 m (91 ft 10+3⁄8 in)	2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)	Able to MU
UK	Nottingham		302[46]	216–237	22[47]	2014		2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)	[48]

Oceania

Country	City	Image	Type	Fleet numbers	Quantity	Year	Length	Width	Comments
Australia	Adelaide		302[49]	201–209	9	2010, 2018	32	2.40	Surplus units purchased from Metro Ligero, Madrid in 2009 (6) and 2017 (3)[49][50][51]
Australia	Melbourne		202[52]	3001–3036[53]	36[53]	2001–2002[53]	23.0[53]	2.65[53]	Locally designated C-class.[53]
Australia	Melbourne		302[54]	5103, 5106, 5111, 5113, 5123[55]	5[55]	2008–2009[55]	32.5[55]	2.65[55]	Locally designated C2-class.[55] Leased from Mulhouse, France in 2008, and later purchased by the Victorian government.[56]
Australia	Sydney		305[57]	001-060	60[57]	2019	33[58]	2.65	For CBD and South East Light Rail.[57] Capable of both APS and pantograph power.[59]

See also

• Ground-level power supply used in Bordeaux
• Railway electrification system

References

1. Alstom (2017). "Citadis tramways". Alstom, Citadis web presentation.
2. "CITAL inaugurates its assembly and maintenance site for Alstom Citadis trams in Annaba". Alstom.com. 12 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
3. http://transphoto.ru/list.php?serv=0&cid=2&mid=4350 Saint-Petersburg, 71-801 (Alstom Citadis 301 CIS) vehicle list
4. "Aubagne orders Citadis Compact". Railway Gazette International. 7 October 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011.
5. "CITADIS Dualis Information Sheet" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 4 May 2008.
6. "Alstom launches North American light rail vehicle with Ottawa contract". Railway Gazette. 14 February 2013. Archived from the original on 6 September 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
7. "Alstom receives order for 61 Citadis Spirit light rail vehicles for Greater Toronto and Hamilton area". Alstom. 12 May 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2017. Alstom has been awarded a firm order for the supply of 61 Citadis Spirit light rail vehicles for the Greater Toronto and Hamilton area (GTHA) by Metrolinx, an agency of the Government of Ontario. The value of the contract is over €355 million (CA$529 million). The vehicle supply contract includes an option for additional vehicles.
8. Spurr, Ben (11 May 2017). "Metrolinx to buy vehicles from Bombardier competitor". Toronto Star. Retrieved 12 May 2017. According to sources familiar with the deal, Metrolinx has agreed to purchase 61 cars from French manufacturer Alstom as a backup plan if Bombardier doesn't come through.
9. Wansbeek, C.J. (December 2002). "Bordeaux: Fronting the French tramway revolution". Tramways & Urban Transit. Light Rail Transit Association. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
10. "Nice Tramway, France". Railway-Technology.com. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
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External links

• Alstom Transport
• Alstom Citadis Trams
• List of all ordered Citadis (en Français/in French) (read the notes written by visitors at the end of the page, because there are some errors in the table)
• Sensolab drives interior experimentation – design of Citadis tram interiors for Paris, Le Mans, Angers, Railway Gazette International